Aims. Instability is a common indication for revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, even after the initial revision, some patients continue to have recurrent dislocation. The aim of this study was to assess the risk for recurrent dislocation after revision THA for instability. Methods. Between 2009 and 2019, 163 patients underwent revision THA for instability at Stanford University Medical Center. Of these, 33 (20.2%) required re-revision due to recurrent dislocation. Cox proportional hazard models, with death and re-revision surgery for periprosthetic infection as competing events, were used to analyze the risk factors, including the size and alignment of the components. Paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to assess the outcome using the Veterans RAND 12 (VR-12) physical and VR-12 mental scores, the Harris Hip Score (HHS) pain and function, and the Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome score for Joint Replacement (HOOS, JR). Results. The median follow-up was 3.1 years (interquartile range 2.0 to 5.1). The one-year cumulative incidence of recurrent dislocation after revision was 8.7%, which increased to 18.8% at five years and 31.9% at ten years postoperatively. In multivariable analysis, a high American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade (hazard ratio (HR) 2.72 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13 to 6.60)), BMI between 25 and 30 kg/m. 2. (HR 4.31 (95% CI 1.52 to 12.27)), the use of specialized liners (HR 5.39 (95% CI 1.97 to 14.79) to 10.55 (95% CI 2.27 to 49.15)), lumbopelvic stiffness (HR 6.03 (95% CI 1.80 to 20.23)), and postoperative abductor weakness (HR 7.48 (95% CI 2.34 to 23.91)) were significant risk factors for recurrent dislocation. Increasing the size of the acetabular component by > 1 mm significantly decreased the risk of dislocation (HR 0.89 (95% CI 0.82 to 0.96)). The VR-12 physical and HHS (pain and function) scores improved significantly at mid term. Conclusion. Patients requiring revision THA for instability are at risk of recurrent dislocation. Higher ASA grades, being overweight, a previous lumbopelvic fusion, the use of specialized liners, and postoperative abductor weakness are significant risk factors. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(5 Supple B):105–111

Aims. Our objective was describing an algorithm to identify and prevent vascular injury in patients with intrapelvic components. Methods. Patients were defined as at risk to vascular injuries when components or cement migrated 5 mm or more beyond the ilioischial line in any of the pelvic incidences (anteroposterior and Judet view). In those patients, a serial investigation was initiated by a CT angiography, followed by a vascular surgeon evaluation. The investigation proceeded if necessary. The main goal was to assure a safe tissue plane between the hardware and the vessels. Results. In ten at-risk patients undergoing revision hip arthroplasty and submitted to our algorithm, six were recognized as being high risk to vascular injury during surgery. In those six high-risk patients, a preventive preoperative stent was implanted before the orthopaedic procedure. Four patients needed a second reinforcing stent to protect and to maintain the vessel anatomy deformed by the intrapelvic implants. Conclusion. The evaluation algorithm was useful to avoid blood vessels injury during revision total hip arthroplasty in high-risk patients. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(11):859–866

Aims. Large acetabular bone defects encountered in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) are challenging to restore. Metal constructs for structural support are combined with bone graft materials for restoration. Autograft is restricted due to limited volume, and allogenic grafts have downsides including cost, availability, and operative processing. Bone graft substitutes (BGS) are an attractive alternative if they can demonstrate positive remodelling. One potential product is a biphasic injectable mixture (Cerament) that combines a fast-resorbing material (calcium sulphate) with the highly osteoconductive material hydroxyapatite. This study reviews the application of this biomaterial in large acetabular defects. Methods. We performed a retrospective review at a single institution of patients undergoing revision THA by a single surgeon. We identified 49 consecutive patients with large acetabular defects where the biphasic BGS was applied, with no other products added to the BGS. After placement of metallic acetabular implants, the BGS was injected into the remaining bone defects surrounding the new implants. Patients were followed and monitored for functional outcome scores, implant fixation, radiological graft site remodelling, and revision failures. Results. Mean follow-up was 39.5 months (36 to 71), with a significant improvement in post-revision function compared to preoperative function. Graft site remodelling was rated radiologically as moderate in 31 hips (63%) and strong in 12 hips (24%). There were no cases of complete graft site dissolution. No acetabular loosening was identified. None of the patients developed clinically significant heterotopic ossification. There were twelve reoperations: six patients developed post-revision infections, three experienced dislocations, two sustained periprosthetic femur fractures, and one subject had femoral component aseptic loosening. Conclusion. Our series reports bone defect restoration with the sole use of a biphasic injectable BGS in the periacetabular region. We did not observe significant graft dissolution. We emphasize that successful graft site remodelling requires meticulous recipient site preparation. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(12):991–997

Instability is a common indication for revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, even after the initial revision, some patients continue to have recurrent dislocations. This study investigates those at risk for recurrent dislocation after revision THA for instability at a single institution. Between 2009 and 2019, 163 patients underwent revision THA for instability at a single institution. Thirty-three of these patients required re-revision THA due to recurrent dislocation. Cox proportional hazard models with death as a competing event were used to analyze risk factors, including prosthesis sizing and alignment. Paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used to assess patient outcomes (Veterans RAND 12 (VR-12) physical score, VR-12 mental score, Harris Hip Score, and hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome score for joint replacement). Duration of follow-up until either re-revision or final follow-up was a mean of 45.3 ± 38.2 months. The 1-year cumulative incidence for recurrent dislocation after revision was 8.7%, which increased to 19.6% at 5 years and 32.9% at 10 years postoperatively. In the multivariable analysis, high ASA score [HR 2.71], being underweight (BMI<18 kg/m. 2. ) [HR 36.26] or overweight/obese (BMI>25 kg/m. 2. ) [HR 4.31], use of specialized liners [HR 5.51–10.71], lumbopelvic stiffness [HR 6.29], and postoperative abductor weakness [HR 7.20] were significant risk factors for recurrent dislocation. Increasing the cup size decreased the dislocation risk [HR 0.89]. The dual mobility construct did not affect the risk for recurrent dislocation in univariate or multivariable analyses. VR-12 physical and HHS (pain and function) scores improved postoperatively at midterm. Patients requiring revision THA for instability are at risk for recurrent dislocation. Higher ASA scores, abnormal BMI, use of special liners, lumbopelvic stiffness, and postoperative abductor weakness are significant risk factors for re-dislocation

The advent of modular porous metal augments has ushered in a new form of treatment for acetabular bone loss. The function of an augment can be seen as reducing the size of a defect or reconstituting the anterosuperior/posteroinferior columns and/or allowing supplementary fixation. Depending on the function of the augment, the surgeon can decide on the sequence of introduction of the hemispherical shell, before or after the augment. Augments should always, however, be used with cement to form a unit with the acetabular component. Given their versatility, augments also allow the use of a hemispherical shell in a position that restores the centre of rotation and biomechanics of the hip. Progressive shedding or the appearance of metal debris is a particular finding with augments and, with other radiological signs of failure, should be recognized on serial radiographs. Mid- to long-term outcomes in studies reporting the use of augments with hemispherical shells in revision total hip arthroplasty have shown rates of survival of > 90%. However, a higher risk of failure has been reported when augments have been used for patients with chronic pelvic discontinuity. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(4):312–318

Aims. There is little information in the literature about the use of dual-mobility (DM) bearings in preventing re-dislocation in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). The aim of this study was to compare the use of DM bearings, standard bearings, and constrained liners in revision THA for recurrent dislocation, and to identify risk factors for re-dislocation. Methods. We reviewed 86 consecutive revision THAs performed for dislocation between August 2012 and July 2019. A total of 38 revisions (44.2%) involved a DM bearing, while 39 (45.3%) and nine (10.5%) involved a standard bearing and a constrained liner, respectively. Rates of re-dislocation, re-revision for dislocation, and overall re-revision were compared. Radiographs were assessed for the positioning of the acetabular component, the restoration of the centre of rotation, leg length, and offset. Risk factors for re-dislocation were determined by Cox regression analysis. The modified Harris Hip Scores (mHHSs) were recorded. The mean age of the patients at the time of revision was 70 years (43 to 88); 54 were female (62.8%). The mean follow-up was 5.0 years (2.0 to 8.75). Results. DM bearings were used significantly more frequently in elderly patients (p = 0.003) and in hips with abductor deficiency (p < 0.001). The re-dislocation rate was 13.2% for DM bearings compared with 17.9% for standard bearings, and 22.2% for constrained liners (p = 0.432). Re-revision-free survival for DM bearings was 84% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.77 to 0.91) compared with 74% (95% CI 0.67 to 0.81) for standard articulations, and 67% (95% CI 0.51 to 0.82) for constrained liners (p = 0.361). Younger age (hazard ratio (HR) 0.92 (95% CI 0.85 to 0.99); p = 0.031), lower comorbidity (HR 0.44 (95% CI 0.20 to 0.95); p = 0.037), smaller heads (HR 0.80 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.99); p = 0.046), and retention of the acetabular component (HR 8.26 (95% CI 1.37 to 49.96); p = 0.022) were significantly associated with re-dislocation. All DM bearings which re-dislocated were in patients with abductor muscle deficiency (HR 48.34 (95% CI 0.03 to 7,737.98); p = 0.303). The radiological analysis did not reveal a significant relationship between restoration of the geometry of the hip and re-dislocation. The mean mHHSs significantly improved from 43 points (0 to 88) to 67 points (20 to 91; p < 0.001) at the final follow-up, with no differences between the types of bearing. Conclusion. We found that the use of DM bearings reduced the rates of re-dislocation and re-revision in revision THA for recurrent dislocation, but did not guarantee stability. Abductor deficiency is an important predictor of persistent instability. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(5 Supple B):89–97

The number of revision total hip arthroplasties (THA) is increasing. This procedure is associated with a higher complication rate than primary THA, and so it is important for patients to have realistic expectations. The aim of this systematic review was to gather and summarise the available evidence on patients’ expectations following revision THA. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane, Google Scholar and Web of Science from inception to December 2021. Methodological quality was assessed by two independent reviewers using the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NIH) study quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies. The search strategy generated 3132 references of which 4 articles met the inclusion criteria. Methodological quality scores ranged from 7–10. Patients have high expectations concerning future walking ability, pain and implant longevity. Implant longevity expectations vary according to the longevity of the primary implant. A significant positive correlation was found between fulfilled expectations of pain and walking ability and patient satisfaction (r = .46 – .47). Only one study assessed fulfilment of patient expectations. Great variability was seen in operationalisation and assessment of expectations. Patients undergoing revision THA appear to have high expectations with regards to future outcomes. Whilst results are promising, there is a paucity of high-quality data in this area. Further research is needed, which places emphasis on developing a sound theoretical framework for expectations, allowing for the consistent implementation of valid measurement tools

Aims. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between reason for revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) and outcomes in terms of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Methods. We reviewed a prospective cohort of 647 patients undergoing full or partial rTHA at a single high-volume centre with a minimum of two years’ follow-up. The reasons for revision were classified as: infection; aseptic loosening; dislocation; structural failure; and painful THA for other reasons. PROMs (modified Oxford Hip Score (mOHS), EuroQol five-dimension three-level health questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L) score, and visual analogue scales for pain during rest and activity), complication rates, and failure rates were compared among the groups. Results. The indication for revision influenced PROMs improvement over time. This finding mainly reflected preoperative differences between the groups, but diminished between the first and second postoperative years. Preoperatively, patients revised due to infection and aseptic loosening had a lower mOHS than patients with other indications for revision. Pain scores at baseline were highest in patients being revised for dislocation. Infection and aseptic loosening groups showed marked changes over time in both mOHS and EQ-5D-3L. Overall complications and re-revision rates were 35.4% and 9.7% respectively, with no differences between the groups (p = 0.351 and p = 0.470, respectively). Conclusion. Good outcomes were generally obtained regardless of the reason for revision, with patients having the poorest preoperative scores exhibiting the greatest improvement in PROMs. Furthermore, overall complication and reoperation rates were in line with previous reports and did not differ between different indications for rTHA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(7):859–866

Aims. Modular dual mobility (MDM) acetabular components are often used with the aim of reducing the risk of dislocation in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). There is, however, little information in the literature about its use in this context. The aim of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the outcomes in a cohort of patients in whom MDM components were used at revision THA, with a mean follow-up of more than five years. Methods. Using the database of a single academic centre, 126 revision THAs in 117 patients using a single design of an MDM acetabular component were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 94 revision THAs in 88 patients with a mean follow-up of 5.5 years were included in the study. Survivorship was analyzed with the endpoints of dislocation, reoperation for dislocation, acetabular revision for aseptic loosening, and acetabular revision for any reason. The secondary endpoints were surgical complications and the radiological outcome. Results. The overall rate of dislocation was 11%, with a six-year survival of 91%. Reoperation for dislocation was performed in seven patients (7%), with a six-year survival of 94%. The dislocations were early (at a mean of 33 days) in six patients, and late (at a mean of 4.3 years) in four patients. There were three intraprosthetic dissociations. An outer head diameter of ≥ 48 mm was associated with a lower risk of dislocation (p = 0.013). Lumbrosacral fusion was associated with increased dislocation (p = 0.004). Four revision THAs (4%) were further revised for aseptic acetabular loosening, and severe bone loss (Paprosky III) at the time of the initial revision was significantly associated with further revision for aseptic acetabular loosening (p = 0.008). Fourteen acetabular components (15%) were re-revised for infection, and a pre-revision diagnosis of reimplantation after periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) was associated with subsequent PJI (p < 0.001). Two THAs had visible metallic changes on the backside of the cobalt chromium liner. Conclusion. When using this MDM component in revision THA, at a mean follow-up of 5.5 years, there was a higher rate of dislocation (11%) than previously reported. The size of the outer bearing was related to the risk of dislocation. There was a low rate of aseptic acetabular loosening. Longer follow-up of this MDM component and evaluation of other designs are warranted. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(7 Supple B):66–72

Aims. There are limited long-term studies reporting on outcomes of the Zimmer Modular Revision (ZMR) stem, and concerns remain regarding failure. Our primary aim was to determine long-term survival free from all-cause revision and stem-related failure for this modular revision stem in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). Secondary aims included evaluating radiological and functional outcomes. Methods. We retrospectively identified all patients in our institutional database who underwent revision THA using the ZMR system from January 2000 to December 2007. We included 106 patients (108 hips) with a mean follow-up of 14.5 years (2.3 to 22.3). Mean patient age was 69.2 years (37.0 to 89.4), and 51.9% were female (n = 55). Indications for index revision included aseptic loosening (73.1%), infection (16.7%), fracture (9.3%), and stem fracture (0.9%). Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to determine the all-cause and stem-related failure revision-free survival. At most recent follow-up, Oxford Hip Scores (OHS) were collected, and radiological stem stability was determined using the Engh classification. Results. A total of 17 hips (15.7%) underwent re-revision of any component. Indications for re-revision were stem failure (35.3%; n = 6), infection (29.4%; n = 5), instability (29.4%; n = 5), and acetabular aseptic loosening (5.9%; n = 1). The five- and 15-year all-cause survival was 89.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) 86.7 to 92.7) and 83.3% (95% CI 79.6 to 87.0), respectively. There were six re-revisions (5.6%) for stem failure; five for stem fracture and one for aseptic loosening. The five- and 15-year survival free from stem-related failure was 97.2% (95% CI 95.6 to 98.8) and 94.0% (95% CI 91.6 to 96.4), respectively. At final follow-up, the mean OHS was 36.9 (8.0 to 48.0) and 95.7% (n = 66) of surviving modular revision stems were well-fixed in available radiographs. Conclusion. Femoral revision with the ZMR offers satisfactory long-term all-cause revision-free survival, good survival free of stem-related failure, and favourable clinical outcomes. Stem fracture was the most common reason for stem-related failure and occurred both early and late. This highlights the importance of both early and long-term surveillance for stem-related failure. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(5 Supple B):112–117

Introduction. Total joint arthroplasty rates have increased dramatically in recent decades. However, a comprehensive analysis of trends in revision total hip arthroplasty has not been performed recently to address the changing volume, costs, and location of these complex cases. We sought to identify trends in volume of these procedures, geographic distribution changes, and cost trends using a national sample. Materials and methods. The National Inpatient Sample, a representative sample of all hospital discharges within the United States, was used to determine the volume of revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) from 1993 to 2014. Procedures were identified by ICD-9 codes corresponding to revision THA. Annual incidence of revision THA was compared to annual incidence of primary THA to determine whether relative growth of revisions differed proportionally from the primary procedure. State-specific data was analyzed where available to develop geographic trend maps in the incidence of revision THA procedures using the estimated state population for years under review. Trends were also reviewed for hospital location (urban versus rural; teaching versus non-teaching) and total hospital charges. Analysis of trends was performed using linear regression models. Results. Volume of revision THA increased slower than primary THA from 1993 to 2014. Revision THA volume increased from 28,429 in 1993 to 48,295 in 2014. However, the relative proportion of revision compared to primary THA during this time period decreased from 21.3% in 1993 to 13.0% in 2014. While revision THA grew significantly at 925 additional procedures per year (p <0.001), the revision/primary proportion declined at a rate of −0.4 percentage points annually (p <0.001). Nationally, only one state demonstrated statewide incidence rate of revision THA >100 / 100,000 residents in 2001, while 31 of 36 states reporting in 2014 demonstrated statewide incidence rate of revision THA >100 / 100,000 residents. Revision THA shifted dramatically away from rural and urban non-teaching hospitals to urban teaching hospitals. In the year 2000, 52.3% of revision THA was performed in urban teaching hospitals, which had increased to 71.2% by 2014. Only 5.2% of revision THA was performed in rural hospitals in 2014. Similarly, hospital charges for revision THA increased significantly from a mean of $32,007 in 2000 to $83,927 in 2014. Discussion. Dramatic changes in the geographic distribution, hospital type, and cost of revision THA have occurred over the past two decades. The importance of this cannot be overstated, especially within the context of shifting payment models including mandated and voluntary bundles that have been applied to total joint arthroplasty procedures. With the burden of these costly, complex surgical cases falling predominantly on urban teaching hospitals, there must be a mechanism for adequately valuing these procedures to allow surgeons to be able to properly care for these patients. For any tables or figures, please contact the authors directly

Aims. Two-stage exchange revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) performed in case of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) has been considered for many years as being the gold standard for the treatment of chronic infection. However, over the past decade, there have been concerns about its safety and its effectiveness. The purposes of our study were to investigate our practice, collecting the overall spacer complications, and then to analyze their risk factors. Methods. We retrospectively included 125 patients with chronic hip PJI who underwent a staged THA revision performed between January 2013 and December 2019. All spacer complications were systematically collected, and risk factors were analyzed. Statistical evaluations were performed using the Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Fisher's exact test. Results. Our staged exchange practice shows poor results, which means a 42% mechanical spacer failure rate, and a 20% recurrent infection rate over the two years average follow-up period. Moreover, we found a high rate of spacer dislocation (23%) and a low rate of spacer fracture (8%) compared to the previous literature. Our findings stress that the majority of spacer complications and failures is reflecting a population with high comorbid burden, highlighted by the American Society of Anesthesiology grade, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and Lee score associations, as well as the cardiac, pulmonary, kidney, or hepatic chronic conditions. Conclusion. Our experience of a two-stage hip exchange revision noted important complication rates associated with high failure rates of polymethylmethacrylate spacers. These findings must be interpreted in the light of the patient’s comorbidity profiles, as the elective population for staged exchange has an increasing comorbid burden leading to poor results. In order to provide better results for this specific population, our conclusion suggests that comparative strategy studies are required to improve our therapeutic indication. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(6):485–494

Aims. Studying the indications for revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) may enable surgeons to change their practice during the initial procedure, thereby reducing the need for revision surgery. The aim of this study was to identify and describe the potentially avoidable indications for revision THA within five years of the initial procedure. Patients and Methods. A retrospective review of 117 patients (73 women, 44 men; mean age 61.5 years (27 to 88)) who met the inclusion criteria was conducted. Three adult reconstruction surgeons independently reviewed the radiographs and medical records, and they classified the revision THAs into two categories: potentially avoidable and unavoidable. Baseline demographics, perioperative details, and quality outcomes up to the last follow-up were recorded. Results. A total of 60 revision THAs (51.3%) were deemed potentially avoidable and 57 (48.7%) were deemed unavoidable. The following were identified as avoidable factors: suboptimal positioning of the acetabular component (29; 48%), intraoperative fracture or a fracture missed on an intraoperative radiograph (20; 33%), early (less than two weeks) aseptic loosening (seven; 11.7%), and symptomatic leg length discrepancy of > 1 cm (four; 6.7%). Conclusion. A surprisingly large proportion of acute revision THAs are potentially avoidable. Surgeons must carefully evaluate the indications for revision THAs in their practice and identify new methods to address these issues. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B(6 Supple B):97–103

Introduction. Re-revision due to instability and dislocation can occur in up to 1 in 4 cases following revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). Optimal placement of components during revision surgery is thus critical in avoiding re-revision. Computer-assisted navigation has been shown to improve the accuracy and precision of component placement in primary THA; however, its role in revision surgery is less well documented. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effect of computer-assisted navigation on component placement in revision total hip arthroplasty, as compared with conventional surgery. Methods. To examine the effect of navigation on acetabular component placement in revision THA, we retrospectively reviewed data from a multi-centre cohort of 128 patients having undergone revision THA between March 2017 and January 2019. An imageless computer navigation device (Intellijoint HIP®, Intellijoint Surgical, Kitchener, ON, Canada) was utilized in 69 surgeries and conventional methods were used in 59 surgeries. Acetabular component placement (anteversion, inclination) and the proportion of acetabular components placed in a functional safe zone (40° inclination/20° anteversion) were compared between navigation assisted and conventional THA groups. Results. Mean inclination decreased post-operatively versus baseline in both the navigation (44.9°±12.1° vs. 43.0°±6.8°, p=0.65) and control (45.8°±19.4° vs. 42.8°±7.1°, p=0.08) groups. Mean anteversion increased in both study groups, with a significant increase noted in the navigation group (18.6°±8.5° vs. 21.6°±7.8°, p=0.04) but not in the control group (19.4°±9.6° vs. 21.2°±9.8°, p=0.33). Post-operatively, a greater proportion of acetabular components were within ±10° of a functional target (40° inclination, 20° anteversion) in the navigation group (inclination: 59/67 (88%), anteversion: 56/67 (84%)) than in the control group (49/59 (83%) and 41/59, (69%), respectively). Acetabular component precision in both study groups improved post-operatively versus baseline. Variance in inclination improved significantly in both control (50.6° vs. 112.4°, p=0.002) and navigation (46.2° vs. 141.1°, p<0.001) groups. Anteversion variance worsened in the control group (96.3° vs. 87.6°, p=0.36) but the navigation group showed improvement (61.2° vs. 72.7°, p=0.25). Post-operative variance amongst cup orientations in the navigation group (IN: 46.2°; AV: 61.2°) indicated significantly better precision than that observed in the control group (IN: 50.6°, p=0.36; AV: 96.3°, p=0.04). Discussion. Re-revision is required in up to 25% of revision THA cases, of which 36% are caused by instability. This places a significant burden on the health care system and highlights the importance of accurate component placement. Our data indicate that the use of imageless navigation in revision THA – by minimizing the likelihood of outliers – may contribute to lower rates of re-revision by improving component orientation in revision THA. Conclusion. Utilizing imageless navigation in revision THAs results in more consistent placement of the acetabular component as compared to non-navigated revision surgeries

Background. Standard preoperative protocols in total joint arthroplasty utilize the International Normalized Ratio (INR) to determine patient coagulation profiles. However, the relevance of preoperative INR values in joint arthroplasty remains controversial. Acceptable INR cutoff values for joint replacement are inconsistent, and are often based on studies of primary arthroplasty, or even non-orthopedic procedures. This analysis examined the relationship between preoperative INR values and post-operative outcomes in revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA). Optimal cutoff INR values correlated with specific outcomes were subsequently determined. Methods. The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) was retrospectively queried for revision total hip arthroplasty procedures performed between 2006 and 2017. Patients with a preoperative INR collected no later than 1 day prior to surgery were further stratified for analysis. INR values which correlated with specific outcomes were determined using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves for each outcome of interest. The optimal cutoff INR value for each outcome was then obtained using univariate and multivariate models which determined INR values that maximized both sensitivity and specificity. Results. There were a total of 11,393 patients who underwent a revision total hip arthroplasty from 2006–2017 recorded in NSQIP. Of the 2,012 patients who met inclusion and exclusion criteria, 858 had an INR < 1.0, 931 had an INR > 1.0 to 1.25, 175 had an INR > 1.25 to 1.5, and 48 patients had an INR > 1.5. Patients with progressively higher INR values had a significantly different risk of mortality within 30 days (p=0.005), bleeding requiring transfusion (p< 0.001), sepsis (p=0.002), stroke (p<0.001), failure to wean from ventilator within 48 hours (p=0.001), readmission (p=0.01), and hospital length of stay (p< 0.001). Similar results were obtained when utilizing optimal INR cutoff values. When correcting for other factors, the following poor outcomes were significantly associated with the respective INR cutoff values (Estimate, 95% CI, p value): LOS (1.67, 1.34–2.08, p <0.001), bleeding requiring transfusion (1.65, 1.30–2.09, p<0.001), sepsis (2.15, 1.11–4.17, p 0.02), and any infection (1.82, 1.01–3.29, p 0.04). Conclusions. INR values >1.65, >1.67, >1.82, and >2.15 were correlated with increased transfusion requirements, LOS, any infection, and sepsis respectively. Therefore, even subtherapeutic elevations in INR may predict poor outcomes following revision total joint replacement. Surgeons and perioperative medical specialists should consider more stringent INR goals when optimizing patients prior to revision arthroplasty. Level of Evidence. Prognostic Level IV. For any figures or tables, please contact authors directly

Safe and meticulous removal of the femoral cement mantle and cement restrictor can be a challenging process in revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA). Many proximal femoral osteotomies have been described to access this region however they can be associated with fracture, non-union and revision stem instability. The aim of this study is to report outcomes of our previously unreported vascularised anterior window to the proximal femur. We report on a cohort of patients who underwent cemented single and staged rTHA at our single institution by the same surgeon between 2012 and 2017 using a novel vascularised anterior window of the femur to extract the cement mantle and restrictor safely under direct vision. We describe our technique, which maintains the periosteal and muscular attachments to the osteotomised fragment, which is then repaired with a polymer cerclage cable. In all revisions a polished, taper slip, long stem Exeter was cemented. Primary outcome measures included the time taken for union and the patient reported WOMAC score. Thirty-two rTHAs were performed in 29 consecutive patients (13 female, 16 male) with a mean age of 63.4 years (range, 47–88). The indications for revision included infection, aseptic loosening and implant malpositioning. Mean follow up was 5.3 (range, 3.2–8 years). All femoral windows achieved radiographic union by a mean of 7.2 weeks. At the latest point in follow-up the mean WOMAC score was 21.6 and femoral component survivorship was 100%. There were no intraoperative complications or additional revision surgery. Our proposed vascularised anterior windowing technique of the femur is a safe and reproducible method to remove the distal femoral cement and restrictor under direct vision without the need for perilous instruments. This method also preserves the proximal bone stock and provides the surgeon with the option of cemented stems over uncemented revision implants that predominantly rely on distal fixation

Dual-mobility (DM) bearings are effective to mitigate dislocation in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, data on its use for treating dislocation is scarce. Aim of this study was to compare DM bearings, standard bearings and constrained liner (CL) in revision THA for recurrent dislocation and to identify risk factors for re-dislocation. We reviewed 100 consecutive revision THAs performed for dislocation from 2012 and 2019. 45 hips (45%) received a DM construct, while 44 hips (44%) and 11 hips (11%) had a standard bearing and CL, respectively. Rates of re-dislocation, re-revision for dislocation and overall re-revision were compared. Radiographs were assessed for cup positioning, restoration of centre of rotation, leg length and offset. Risk factors for re-dislocation were determined by cox regression analysis. Modified Harris hip scores (mHHS) were calculated. Mean follow-up was 53 months (1 to 103). DM constructs were used more frequently in elderly patients (p=0.011) and hips with abductor deficiency (p< 0.001). The re-dislocation rate was 11.1% for DM bearings compared with 15.9% for standard bearings and 18.2% for CL (p=0.732). Revision-free survival for DM constructs was 83% (95% CI 0.77 – 0.90) compared to 75% (95% CI 0.68 – 0.82) for standard articulations and 71% (95% CI 0.56 – 0.85) for CL (p=0.455). Younger age (HR 0.91; p=0.020), lower comorbidity (HR 0.42; p=0.031), smaller heads (HR 0.80; p=0.041) and cup retention (HR 8.23; p=0.022) were associated with re-dislocation. Radiological analysis did not reveal a relationship between restoration of hip geometry and re-dislocation. mHHS significantly improved from 43.8 points to 65.7 points (p<0.001) with no differences among bearing types. Our findings suggest that DM bearings do not sufficiently prevent dislocation in revision THA for recurrent dislocation. Reconstruction of the abductor complex may play a key role to reduce the burden in these high-risk patients

Previous reports on the outcomes of isolated head and liner exchange in revision total hip arthroplasty have found high rates of instability following these surgeries. Most reports have studied constructs using ≤28mm femoral heads. The purpose of this study was to determine if modern techniques with the use of larger head sizes can improve the rate of instability after head and liner exchange. We identified 138 hips in 132 patients who underwent isolated head and liner exchange for polyethylene wear/osteolysis (57%), acute infection (27%), metallosis (13%), or other (2%). All patients underwent revision with either 32mm (23%), 36mm (62%), or 40mm (15%) diameter heads. Crosslinked polyethylene was used in all revisions. Lipped and/or offset liners were used in 104 (75%) hips. Average follow up was 3.5 (1.0–9.1) years. Statistical analyses were performed with significance set at p<0.05. Revision-free survivorship for any cause was 94.6% and for aseptic causes was 98.2% at 5 years. 11 (8%) hips experienced a complication with 7 (5%) hips requiring additional revision surgery. Following revision, 4 (3%) hips experienced dislocation, 5 (4%) hips experienced infection, and 1 (1%) hip was revised for trunnionosis. No demographic or surgical factors significantly affected outcomes. Our study shows that isolated head and liner exchange using large femoral heads and modern liners provides for better stability than previous reports. The most common complication was infection. We did not identify specific patient, surgical or implant factors that reduced the risk of instability or other complication

Principles of bone preservation and restoration of biomechanical alignment should be followed during revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). Where possible, conservative femoral revision techniques and even reconstructive de-escalation involving using primary stems should be considered. This study aims to investigate the outcome of patients who have undergone conservative femoral revision THA in our Institution. We retrospectively identified patients from our Institution's revision arthroplasty database who had cemented, or un-cemented primary stems implanted during revision THA of a previous stemmed femoral implant. Our primary outcome measure was all-cause re-revision THA with a secondary outcome measure of improvement in Oxford hip score (OHS). Radiographic evidence of stem loosening and post-op complications were recorded. Between 02/12/2014 to 12/12/2019, there were 226 patients identified with a mean follow up of 2 years (1–5 years). The majority of cases were represented by Paprosky type 1 (63%) and type 2 (25%) femoral defects. There were 45 patients (20%) who underwent impaction bone grafting (IBG) and 43 patients (19%) who had a cement in cement (CinC) femoral revision and cemented primary stem in 137 (60%), 1 uncemented stem with no IBG or CinC revision. Kaplan Meier survival for all-cause re-revision THA was 93.7% (95% CI: 88.3 – 100) at 3 years. The reasons for re-revision included 4 periprosthetic fractures, 4 dislocations, 1 deep infection, 1 loosening of femoral component and 1 loosening of acetabular component. Pre- and post-operative OHS scores were available in 137 hips (60%) with a mean improvement of 13. Radiographic review revealed 7% of cases with evidence of loosening in 1 or more Gruen zones. Our early results support the use of conservative femoral revision THA techniques where appropriate, with low complication and re-revision rates. Revisions using primary femoral components, where appropriate, should be considered in surgical planning to avoid unnecessary reconstructive escalation

Revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) in the presence of femoral defects can be technically challenging. Reconstruction with long stems is widely accepted as the standard. However long stems can be difficult to insert and can compromise distal bone stock for future revisions. The aims of this study were to identify whether there was a difference in survival and outcomes following rTHA using a long versus standard or short femoral stem. A comprehensive systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines using the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Chochrane Library and Web of Science databases. Inclusion criteria were (i) adult patients >18 years; (ii) randomised controlled trials, joint registry, or cohort studies; (iii) single or staged rTHA for Paprosky 1–3B femoral defects. Exclusion criteria were (i) mixed reporting without subgroup analysis for revision stem length; (ii) ex-vivo studies. Screening for eligibility and assessment of studies was performed by the authors. Out of 341 records, 9 studies met criteria for analysis (including 1 study utilising joint registry data and 1 randomised controlled trial). Across studies there were 3102 rTHAs performed in 2982 patients with a mean age of 67.4 years and a male: female ratio of 0.93. Revision prostheses were long-stemmed in 1727 cases and short or standard in 1375 cases with a mean follow up of 5 years (range, 0-15 years). On subgroup analysis the use of a long cemented stem compared to a long cementless prosthesis was associated with fewer complications and periprosthetic fracture in older patients. Survivorship was 95% with short stems compared to 84% with long stems at 5 years. Moderate quality evidence suggests that in rTHA with Paprosky type 1-3B femoral defects, the use of a short or standard stem can achieve comparable outcomes to long stems with fewer significant complications and revisions. Using a shorter stem may yield a more straightforward surgical technique and can preserve distal bone stock for future revision

Reported incidence of blood transfusion following primary and revision total hip arthroplasty (pTHA, rTHA) has decreased considerably compared to historical rates. However, it is not known if further adoption of techniques to limit transfusions has resulted in further reduction on a large scale. The purpose of this study was to assess recent trends in blood transfusions and contemporary risk factors for transfusions using a large, national database. The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program was queried to identify patients undergoing pTHA and rTHA between 2011 to 2019. pTHA for fracture, infection, tumor, and bilateral procedures were excluded. Only aseptic rTHA were included. Annual incidence of transfusions and proportion of patients with optimized preoperative hematocrit (HCT) (defined as ≥33%) were assessed. Risk factors for transfusion were evaluated with 2018 and 2019 data using multivariate analyses. 234,352 pTHA and 16,322 rTHA were included. Transfusion following pTHA decreased from 21.4% in 2011 to 2.5% in 2019 and from 33.5% in 2011 to 12.0% in 2019 for rTHA (p<0.0001). Patients with optimized HCT increased for pTHA (96.7% in 2011 vs 98.1% in 2019, p<0.0001) and did not change for rTHA (91.5% in 2011 vs 91.6% in 2019, p=0.27). Decreased HCT was most strongly associated with transfusions, with each three-point change corresponding to odds ratio of 1.90 and 1.78 for pTHA and rTHA, respectively. Increased age, female sex, history of bleeding disorders or preoperative transfusion, ASA score ≥3, non-spinal anesthesia, and longer operative times were also associated with increased odds for transfusion. Incidence of blood transfusion has continued to decrease following pTHA and rTHA. Despite care improvements, transfusions still occur in certain high-risk patients. While transfusion in pTHA may have reached the lower asymptote, further reduction in rTHA may be possible through further improvements in preoperative optimization and surgical technique

Two-stage exchange revision total hip arthroplasty performed in case of infection has been considered during many years the gold standard for treatment of chronic infection. Nevertheless, during the last decade, concerns have risen regarding its safety and its efficiency. The purpose of our study was to, first investigate the spacer complications, then to analyze their risks factors. We retrospectively included 125 patients with chronic hip periprosthetic joint infection who underwent a two stage exchange revision arthroplasty performed between January 2013 and December 2019. All spacer complications were systematically collected and risk factors were analyzed. Statistical evaluation were performed using the Student and Mann-Whitney tests. Our study confirms the hypothesis of a high-risk strategy with 42% of patients who had a mechanical spacer failure and a 20% recurrence of infection during the average two years period of follow-up. We found a high rate of spacer migration (23%) and a low rate of spacer fracture (8%) compared to literature. The most important finding was that the majority of spacer complications and failures were found in a population with high medical comorbidities as highlighted by the ASA, Charlson and Lee score associations, as well as with the cardiac, pulmonary, kidney or hepatic chronic conditions. This study showed that a two-stage hip exchange revision is a high-risk procedure regarding complications and mechanical failures of PMMA spacers. In patients with high medical comorbidities, other strategies may be considered and interdisciplinary cooperation with other facilities are needed to identify and control each risk factor

Instability and aseptic loosening are the two main complications after revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA). Dual-mobility (DM) cups were shown to counteract implant instability during rTHA. To our knowledge, no study evaluated the 10-year outcomes of rTHA using DM cups, cemented into a metal reinforcement ring, in cases of severe acetabular bone loss. We hypothesized that using a DM cup cemented into a metal ring is a reliable technique for rTHA at 10 years, with few revisions for acetabular loosening and/or instability. This is a retrospective study of 77 rTHA cases with severe acetabular bone loss (Paprosky ≥ 2C) treated exclusively with a DM cup (NOVAE STICK; SERF, DÉCINES-CHARPIEU, FRANCE) cemented into a cage (Kerboull cross, Burch-Schneider, or ARM rings). Clinical scores and radiological assessments were performed preoperatively and at the last follow-up. The main endpoints were revision surgery for aseptic loosening or recurring dislocation. With a mean follow-up of 10.7 years [2.1-16.2], 3 patients were reoperated because of aseptic acetabular loosening (3.9%) at 9.6 years [7-12]. Seven patients (9.45%) dislocated their hip implant, only 1 suffered from chronic instability (1.3%). Cup survivorship was 96.1% at 10 years. No sign of progressive radiolucent lines were found and bone graft integration was satisfactory for 91% of the patients. The use of a DM cup cemented into a metal ring during rTHA with complex acetabular bone loss was associated with low revision rates for either acetabular loosening or chronic instability at 10 years. That's why we also recommend DM cup for all high risk of dislocation situations

Aims. The aim of this study was to identify modifiable risk factors associated with mortality in patients requiring revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) for periprosthetic hip fracture. Methods. The electronic records of consecutive patients undergoing revision THA for periprosthetic hip fracture between December 2011 and October 2018 were reviewed. The data which were collected included age, sex, body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, the preoperative serum level of haemoglobin, time to surgery, operating time, blood transfusion, length of hospital stay, and postoperative surgical and medical complications. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine independent modifiable factors associated with mortality at 90 days and one year postoperatively. Results. A total of 203 patients were identified. Their mean age was 78 years (44 to 100), and 108 (53%) were female. The median time to surgery was three days (interquartile range (IQR) 2 to 5). The mortality rate at one year was 13.8% (n = 28). The commonest surgical complication was dislocation (n = 22, 10.8%) and the commonest medical complication within 90 days of surgery was hospital-acquired pneumonia (n = 25, 12%). Multivariate analysis showed that the rate of mortality one year postoperatively was five-fold higher in patients who sustained a dislocation (odds ratio (OR) 5.03 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.60 to 15.83); p = 0.006). The rate of mortality was also four-fold higher in patients who developed hospital-acquired pneumonia within 90 days postoperatively (OR 4.43 (95% CI 1.55 to 12.67); p = 0.005). There was no evidence that the time to surgery was a risk factor for death at one year. Conclusion. Dislocation and hospital-acquired pneumonia following revision THA for a periprosthetic fracture are potentially modifiable risk factors for mortality. This study suggests that surgeons should consider increasing constraint to reduce the risk of dislocation, and the early involvement of a multidisciplinary team to reduce the risk of hospital-acquired pneumonia. We found no evidence that the time to surgery affected mortality, which may allow time for medical optimization, surgical planning, and resource allocation. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(5):580–585

The aim of this study was to measure the effect of hospital case volume on the survival of revision total hip arthroplasty (RTHA). This is a retrospective analysis of Scottish Arthroplasty Project data, a nationwide audit which prospectively collects data on all arthroplasty procedures performed in Scotland. The primary outcome was RTHA survival at ten years. The primary explanatory variable was the effect of hospital case volume per year on RTHA survival. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to determine the lifespan of RTHA. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards were used to estimate relative revision risks over time. Hazard ratios (HRs) were reported with 95% CI, and p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. From 1999 to 2019, 13,020 patients underwent RTHA surgery in Scotland (median age at RTHA 70 years (interquartile range (IQR) 62 to 77)). In all, 5,721 (43.9%) were female, and 1065 (8.2%) were treated for infection. 714 (5.5%) underwent a second revision procedure. Co-morbidity, younger age at index revision, and positive infection status were associated with need for re-revision (p<0.001). The ten-year survival estimate for RTHA was 93.3% (95% CI 92.8 to 93.8). Adjusting for sex, age, surgeon volume, and indication for revision, high hospital case volume was not significantly associated with lower risk of re-revision (HR1, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.00, p 0.073)). The majority of RTHA in Scotland survive up to ten years. Increasing yearly hospital case volume cases is not independently associated with a significant risk reduction of re-revision

Introduction. Wound complications following revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) are associated with an increased risk of superficial and deep infections. Closed incision negative-pressure therapy (ciNPT) has been reported to decrease this risk. This study's purpose was to assess if ciNPT decreases the rate of wound complications following revision THA versus a conventional, silver-impregnated dressing. Methods. This was a single center, randomized controlled trial of patients undergoing both septic and aseptic revision THA. Patients received either ciNPT or a silver-impregnated dressing (control) for 7 days. Wound complications within 90 days of the procedure were recorded, including: surgical site infection (SSI), periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), prolonged drainage greater than 5 days, erythema requiring antibiotics, and hematoma formation. An a priori power analysis determined 201 patients per cohort were necessary to demonstrate a 10% decrease in wound complication rate. Results. Between 2017 and 2020, 113 patients have been enrolled: 57 (50.4%) to ciNPT and 56 (49.6%) to the control dressing. Two revisions (1.8%) were performed via a direct lateral approach; all others via a posterior approach. There were no differences in age, BMI, ASA score, revision performed, wound closure method (staples, superficial nylons, subcuticular), or postoperative anti-coagulation (p=0.2–0.8). Seven (12.3%) patients in the ciNPT cohort sustained a wound complication versus 4 (7.1%) in the control cohort (p=0.2). There was no difference in type of wound complication sustained (p=0.4). Four (7.0%) patients in the ciNPT cohort underwent re-operation for wound-related complications (2 PJI, 1 SSI, 1 prolonged drainage) versus zero in the control cohort (p=0.04). Conclusion. Prior studies have shown ciNPT to be effective in decreasing the rate of wound complications in total joint arthroplasty. Preliminary results of this randomized trial of revision THA patients do not corroborate these prior reports. Continued enrollment is required to confirm these initial findings

Aims

This study compares the re-revision rate and mortality following septic and aseptic revision hip arthroplasty (rTHA) in registry data, and compares the outcomes to previously reported data.

Femoral impaction bone grafting (IBG) may be used to restore bone stock in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) and allow use of a shorter, than otherwise, length prosthesis. This is most beneficial in young patients who are more likely to require further revision surgery. This study aimed to assess the results of femoral IBG for staged revision THA for infection. A prospective cohort of 29 patients who underwent staged revision THA for infection with femoral IBG and a cemented polished double-tapered (CPDT) stem at the final reconstruction was investigated. The minimum follow-up was two years (2 – 10 years, median 6 years). Stem subsidence was measured with radiostereometric analysis. Clinical outcomes were assessed with the Harris Hip, Harris Pain, and and Société Internationale de Chirurgie Orthopédique et de Traumatologie Activity (SICOT) Scores. The original infection was eradicated in 28 patients. One patient required a repeat staged revision due to re-infection with the same organism. At two-year follow-up, the median subsidence at the stem-bone interface was −1.70 mm (−0.31 to −4.98mm). The median Harris Hip Score improved from 51 pre-operatively to 80 at two years (p=0.000), the Harris Pain Score from 20 to 44 (p=0.000) and the SICOT Score from 2.5 to 3 (p=0.003). As successful eradication of infection was achieved in the majority of patients and the stem migration was similar to that of a primary CPDT stem, this study supports the use of femoral IBG during the final reconstruction of the femur after staged revision THA for infection

The aim of this study is to examine the differences in long-term mortality rates between infected and aseptic revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) in a single specialist centre over an 18-year period. Retrospective consecutive study of all patients who underwent rTHA at our tertiary centre between 2003 and 2020 was carried out. Revisions were classified as infected or aseptic. We identified patients’ age, gender, American Society of Anaesthesiologists grade (ASA) and body mass index (BMI). The primary outcome measure was all-cause mortality at 5 years, 10 years and over the whole study period at 18 years. Death was identified through both local hospital electronic databases and linked data for the National Joint Registry. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to estimate time to death. Where two-stage revision techniques were used of the management of infected cases, these were grouped as a single revision episode for the purpose of analysis. In total, 1138 consecutive hip revisions were performed on 1063 patients (56 bilateral revisions – aseptic, 10 Excision arthroplasties – infection, 9 – Debridement, Antibiotics, Implant retention (DAIR) with 893 aseptic revisions in 837 patients (78.7%) and 245 infected revisions in 226 patients (21.3%). Average age of the entire study cohort was 71.0 (24–101) with 527 female (49.6%). Average age of the infection and aseptic cohorts was 68.8 and 71.5 respectively. Revisions for infection had higher mortality rates throughout the three time points of analysis. Patients’ survivorship for infected vs aseptic revisions was; 77.8% vs 87.7% at 5 years, 62.8% vs 76.5% at 10 years and 62.4% vs 72.0% at 18 years. The unadjusted 10-year risk ratio of death after infected revision was 1.58 (95% confidence interval 1.28–1.95) compared to aseptic revisions. rTHA performed for infection is associated with significantly higher long-term mortality at all time points compared to aseptic revision surgery

Introduction and Aims: To compare the outcomes between primary and revision total hip arthroplasty in patients at one institution with regard to demographics, complication rates and functional outcome. Further study of the problems associated with revision total hip replacement, focused on complication rates, would appear to be warranted. Method: All patients were entered prospectively in a database and were assessed by means of physical examination, radiographs, SF-36 and WOMAC questionnaires. Patients were followed for a minimum of two years with a range of two to five years. Patients were seen on an annual basis. Results: Five hundred and forty-seven patients underwent primary total hip replacement and 213 patients underwent revision total hip replacement. 53.4% of patients undergoing primary and 52% of patients undergoing revision arthroplasty were female. Mean age at primary hip replacement 61.8 years, revision hip replacement 67.1 years. Post-operative complication rate was 7.6% in primary patients and 14.7% in revision patients (p< .05); there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups with regard to intra-operative fracture, implant loosening or post-operative infection; there was a statistically significant difference in terms of dislocation with 0.8% of primary arthroplasties and 5.6% of revision patients sustaining at least one dislocation following their surgery (p< .01). Both groups of patients had a statistically significant improvement between their pre- and post-operative WOMAC and SF-36 physical scores (p< .0001); however, there was also a statistically significant difference in outcome when the two groups were compared with primary patients having significantly improved WOMAC scores (p< .0001) and significantly improved SF-36 physical socres (p< .0001). Conclusions: Revision hip arthroplasty does not bring to the patient the same degree of benefit as the primary operation. The reason for this is multi-factorial and includes a higher complication rate and lower functional outcome

Aims. Accurate diagnosis of chronic periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) presents a significant challenge for hip surgeons. Preoperative diagnosis is not always easy to establish, making the intraoperative decision-making process crucial in deciding between one- and two-stage revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). Calprotectin is a promising point-of-care novel biomarker that has displayed high accuracy in detecting PJI. We aimed to evaluate the utility of intraoperative calprotectin lateral flow immunoassay (LFI) in THA patients with suspected chronic PJI. Methods. The study included 48 THAs in 48 patients with a clinical suspicion of PJI, but who did not meet European Bone and Joint Infection Society (EBJIS) PJI criteria preoperatively, out of 105 patients undergoing revision THA at our institution for possible PJI between November 2020 and December 2022. Intraoperatively, synovial fluid calprotectin was measured with LFI. Cases with calprotectin levels ≥ 50 mg/l were considered infected and treated with two-stage revision THA; in negative cases, one-stage revision was performed. At least five tissue cultures were obtained; the implants removed were sent for sonication. Results. Calprotectin was positive (≥ 50 mg/l) in 27 cases; out of these, 25 had positive tissue cultures and/or sonication. Calprotectin was negative in 21 cases. There was one false negative case, which had positive tissue cultures. Calprotectin showed an area under the curve of 0.917, sensitivity of 96.2%, specificity of 90.9%, positive predictive value of 92.6%, negative predictive value of 95.2%, positive likelihood ratio of 10.6, and negative likelihood ratio of 0.04. Overall, 45/48 patients were correctly diagnosed and treated by our algorithm, which included intraoperative calprotectin measurement. This yielded a 93.8% concordance with postoperatively assessed EBJIS criteria. Conclusion. Calprotectin can be a valuable tool in facilitating the intraoperative decision-making process for cases in which chronic PJI is suspected and diagnosis cannot be established preoperatively. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(5 Supple B):118–124

Aims. Revision total hip arthroplasty in patients with Vancouver type B3 fractures with Paprosky type IIIA, IIIB, and IV femoral defects are difficult to treat. One option for Paprovsky type IIIB and IV defects involves modular cementless, tapered, revision femoral components in conjunction with distal interlocking screws. The aim of this study was to analyze the rate of reoperations and complications and union of the fracture, subsidence of the stem, mortality, and the clinical outcomes in these patients. Methods. A total of 46 femoral components in patients with Vancouver B3 fractures (23 with Paprosky type IIIA, 19 with type IIIB, and four with type IV defects) in 46 patients were revised with a transfemoral approach using a modular, tapered, cementless revision Revitan curved femoral component with distal cone-in-cone fixation and prospectively followed for a mean of 48.8 months (SD 23.9; 24 to 112). The mean age of the patients was 80.4 years (66 to 100). Additional distal interlocking was also used in 23 fractures in which distal cone-in-cone fixation in the isthmus was < 3 cm. Results. One patient (2.2%) died during the first postoperative year. After six months, 43 patients (93.5%) had osseous, and three had fibrous consolidation of the fracture and the bony flap, 42 (91.3%) had bony ingrowth and four had stable fibrous fixation of the stem. No patient had radiolucency around the interlocking screws and no screw broke. One patient had non-progressive subsidence and two had a dislocation. The mean Harris Hip Score increased from of 57.8 points (SD 7.9) three months postoperatively to 76.1 points (SD 10.7) 24 months postoperatively. Conclusion. The 2° tapered, fluted revision femoral component with distal cone-in-cone-fixation, combined with additional distal interlocking in patients with bony deficiency at the isthmus, led to reproducibly good results in patients with a Vancouver B3 fracture and Paprosky type IIIA, IIIB, and IV defects with regard to union of the fracture, subsidence or loosening of the stem, and clinical outcomes. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(4):344–351

Revision hip arthroplasty does not bring to the patient the same degree of benefit as the primary operation. We compared two hundred and thirteen patients undergoing revision arthroplasty with five hundred and forty-seven patients undergoing primary total hip replacement. The complication rate in the revision arthroplasty group was approximately twice as high in the primary group (p< .05) primarily as a result of postoperative dislocation. Both groups of patients had a statistically significant improvement between their pre- and postoperative WOMAC and SF-36 physical scores; however, there was also a statistically significant difference in outcome when the two groups were compared, with primary patients having significantly improved WOMAC and SF-36 physical scores. To compare the outcomes between primary and revision total hip arthroplasty patients at one institution with regard to demographics, complication rates and functional outcome. Revision hip arthroplasty does not bring to the patient the same degree of benefit as does the primary operation. The reason for this is multi-factorial and includes a higher complication rate and lower functional outcome. Further study of the problems associated with revision total hip replacement especially focused on complication rates would appear to be warranted. All patients were entered prospectively in a database and were assessed by means of physical examination, radiographs, SF-36 and WOMAC questionnaires. Patients were followed for a minimum of two years with a range of two to five years. Patients were seen on an annual basis. Five hundred and forty-seven patients underwent primary total hip replacement and two hundred and thirteen patients underwent revision total hip replacement. 53.4% of patients undergoing primary and 52% of patients undergoing revision arthroplasty were female. Mean age at primary hip replacement 61.8 years, revision hip replacement 67.1 years. Post-operative complication rate was 7.6% in primary patients and 14.7% in revision patients (p< .05); there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups with regard to intra-operative fracture, implant loosening or postoperative infection; there was a statistically significant difference in terms of dislocation with 0.8% of primary arthroplasties and 5.6% of revision patients sustaining at least one dislocation following their surgery (p< .01). Both groups of patients had a statistically significant improvement between their pre- and post-operative WOMAC and SF-36 physical scores (p< .0001); however, there was also a statistically significant difference in outcome when the two groups were compared with primary patients having significantly improved WOMAC scores (p< .0001) and significantly improved SF-36 physical scores (p< .0001)

We prospectively evaluated the long-term outcome of 158 consecutive patients who underwent revision total hip replacement using uncemented computer-assisted design-computer-assisted manufacture femoral components. There were 97 men and 61 women. Their mean age was 63.1 years (34.6 to 85.9). The mean follow-up was 10.8 years (10 to 12). The mean Oxford, Harris and Western Ontario and McMaster hip scores improved from 41.1, 44.2 and 52.4 pre-operatively to 18.2, 89.3 and 12.3, respectively (p < 0.0001, for each). Six patients required further surgery. The overall survival of the femoral component was 97% (95% confidence interval 94.5 to 99.7). These results are comparable to those of previously published reports for revision total hip replacement using either cemented or uncemented components

Background. Modular dual mobility (MDM) acetabular components are often used to prevent dislocation in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). As there is insufficient data on these components, the outcomes were evaluated in a cohort with a mean follow-up time of greater than five years. Methods. Using the database of a single academic center, 126 revision THAs (117 patients) with one MDM were retrospectively reviewed. There were 94 hips in 88 patients with a mean follow-up time of 5.5 years. Survivorship analysis was performed with the endpoints of dislocation, reoperation for dislocation, cup revision for aseptic loosening, and cup revision for any reason. The secondary endpoints were perioperative complications and radiographic review. Results. The overall rate of dislocation was 11%, with a 6-year survival of 91%. Reoperation for dislocation was performed in 7 patients (7%), with a 6-year survival of 94%. The dislocations were early (mean 33 days) in 6 patients, and late (mean 4.3 years) in 4 patients. There were three intraprosthetic dissociations. An outer head diameter of 48 mm or greater was associated with a lower risk of dislocation (p=0.013). Four hips (4%) were revised for aseptic cup loosening, and 14 (15%) cups were revised for infection. Two hips had visible metallic changes of the backside of the cobalt chromium liner. Conclusion. Using this MDM component in revision THA, at mean follow-up time of 5.5 years, there was a higher rate of dislocation (11%) than previously reported. Outer bearing size was related to the risk of dislocation. There was a low rate of aseptic cup loosening. Longer follow-up of this MDM component and evaluation of other designs is warranted

Failed ingrowth and subsequent separation of revision acetabular components from the inferior hemi-pelvis constitutes a primary mode of failure in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). Few studies have highlighted other techniques than multiple screws and an ischial flange or hook of cages to reinforce the inferior fixation of the acetabular components, nor did any authors report the use of porous metal augments in the ischium and/or pubis to reinforce inferior fixation of the acetabular cup. The aims of this study were to introduce the concept of inferior extended fixation into the ischium and/or pubis during revision total hip arthroplasty, and to answer the following questions: (1) what are early clinical outcomes using inferior extended fixation and (2) what are the radiographic outcomes of hips revised with inferior extended fixation?. Patients who underwent revision THA utilizing the surgical technique of inferior extended fixation with porous metal augments secured in the ischium and/or pubis in a single institution from 2014 to 2016 were reviewed. Twenty-four patients were initially identified, and 16 patients were included based on the criteria of minimum 18 months clinical and radiographic follow-up. The median HHS, as well as the SF-12 physical and mental components improved significantly at the latest follow-up (p<0.001). The WOMAC global score decreased significantly at the latest follow-up (p<0.001). All constructs were considered to have obtained bone ingrowth fixation. Early follow-up of patients reconstructed with porous metal augments using the inferior extended fixation surgical technique demonstrated satisfactory clinical outcomes, restoration of the center of rotation and adequate biological fixation

Background. Failed ingrowth and subsequent separation of revision acetabular components from the inferior hemi-pelvis constitutes a primary mode of failure in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). Few studies have highlighted other techniques than multiple screws and an ischial flange or hook of cages to reinforce the ischiopubic fixation of the acetabular components, nor did any authors report the use of porous metal augments in the ischium and/or pubis to reinforce ischiopubic fixation of the acetabular cup. The aims of this study were to introduce the concept of extended ischiopubic fixation into the ischium and/or pubis during revision total hip arthroplasty [Fig. 2], and to determine the early clinical outcomes and the radiographic outcomes of hips revised with inferior extended fixation. Methods. Patients who underwent revision THA utilizing the surgical technique of extended ischiopubic fixation with porous metal augments secured in the ischium and/or pubis in a single institution from 2014 to 2016 were reviewed. 16 patients were included based on the criteria of minimum 24 months clinical and radiographic follow-up. No patients were lost to follow-up. The median duration of follow-up for the overall population was 37.43 months. The patients' clinical results were assessed using the Harris Hip Score (HHS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) index and Short form (SF)-12 score and satisfaction level based on a scale with five levels at each office visit. All inpatient and outpatient records were examined for complications, including infection, intraoperative fracture, dislocation, postoperative nerve palsy, hematoma, wound complication and/or any subsequent reoperation(s). The vertical and horizontal distances of the center of rotation to the anatomic femoral head and the inclination and anteversion angle of the cup were measured on the preoperative and postoperative radiographs. All the postoperative plain radiographs were reviewed to assess the stability of the components. Results. At the most recent follow-up, 11 (68.8%) patients rated their satisfaction level as “very satisfied” and 4 (25.0%) were “satisfied.” The median HHS improved significantly and the WOMAC global score decreased significantly at the latest follow-up (? 0.001). No intraoperative or postoperative complications were identified. All constructs were considered to have obtained bone ingrowth fixation. The median vertical distance between the latest postoperative center of rotation to the anatomic center of the femoral head improved from 14.7±10.05 mm preoperatively to 6.77±9.14 mm at final follow-up (p=0.002). The median horizontal distance between the latest postoperative center of rotation to the anatomic center of femoral head improved from 6.3±12.07 mm laterally preoperatively to 2.18±6.98 mm medially at the most recent follow-up (p=0.013) postoperatively. The median acetabular cup abduction angle improved from 55.04°±10.11° preoperatively to 44.43°± 5.73° at the most recent follow-up postoperatively (p=0.001). However, there was no difference in the median cup anteversion angles preoperatively (9.15°±5.36°) to postoperatively (9.66°±3.97°) (P=0.535). Conclusions. Early follow-up of patients reconstructed with the technique of extended ischiopubic fixation with porous metal augments demonstrated satisfactory clinical outcomes, restoration of the center of rotation and adequate biological fixation. For any figures or tables, please contact the authors directly

Aim. The aim of this study is to evaluate if obesity negatively affects: (1) complication rate, (2) reoperation and revision rate and (3) functional outcome (based on patient reported outcome measures, PROMs) in revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA). To our knowledge this is the only recent study to prospectively review these three aspects in what might be considered challenging rTHA. Methods. 444 rTHAs (cup, stem, both, n= 265, 57, 122 respectively), performed in a specialized high-volume orthopaedic center from 2013 to 2015, were prospectively followed. Complications and Oxford Hip Score (OHS) were evaluated at 4 months, 1 year and 2 years. Thirtyfour patients had a BMI >35 kg/m2 (obese), of which thirteen patients with a BMI >40 kg/m2 (morbidly obese). Results. Infection following rTHA was more common in obese patients (8/34: 24%) and in morbidly obese patients (5/13: 38%) than in non-obese patients (15/410: 4%; p's < 0.001). No differences between obese and non-obese groups for other complications were observed (aseptic loosening, dislocation, periprosthetic fractures, thromboembolic events). Reoperation and revision rates were similar overall (p = 0.067 / 0.303 respectively) and due to infection (p = 0.469 / 0.879 respectively) for obese and non-obese groups. Scores on the OHS improved from 42 ±13 at baseline to 27±12 at 1 and 2 year follow-up (p < 0.001). Obese patients had overall poorer OHS scores than non-obese patients (p < 0.001), but improvement of OHS did not differ between obese and non-obese patients (p = 0.198). Conclusion. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of infection following revision THA. Patients with high BMI should be counselled appropriately before surgery

Background: There area some controversies about the need for revision of well fixed femoral stem during the revision total hip arthroplasty. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the state of unretrieved femoral stem, in revision total hip arthroplasty where only acetabular component was revised. Methods: From January 1998 to December 2004, thirty-one patients underwent revision total hip arthroplasty whose well fixed femoral stem was retained and acetabular components revised. Twenty-six patients(29hips) with a minimum follow-up of three years were included in this study. Out of those twenty-six patients, sixteen patients(18hips) were male and ten patients(11hips) were female with an average age of 54.3 years for the study group. The average time from the primary operation until the revision surgery was 9.2 years and the average follow-up period after the revision was 5 years. The femoral head component was exchanged in all cases and same size femoral head component was used in eleven hips. The clinical results wee analyzed using Harris Hip Score, and the radiographs were reviewed for stability of acetabular components, femoral stem, and degree of osteolysis and radiolucent lines. Results: The average Harris Hip score improved from 56.3 points preoperatively to 89.8 points postoperatively. Femoral stems were found to be stable in all hips. Sixteen hips(55.2%) showed evidence of osteolysis and seven hips(24.1%) showed non-progressive radiolucent lines. The osteolysis was detected at Gruen Zone I and VII in most of the affected hips except for two hips which showed distal osteolysis. The average life of femoral stem from primary operation until the final follow up varied from 10.8 years to 18.2 years, with the average being 14.2 years. Conclusions: We recommended that well fixed, stable femoral components can be retained at the time of revision total hip arthroplasty. Level of evidence: Therapeutic Level IV

Aims. The use of trabecular metal (TM) shells supported by augments has provided good mid-term results after revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with a bony defect of the acetabulum. The aim of this study was to assess the long-term implant survivorship and radiological and clinical outcomes after acetabular revision using this technique. Patients and Methods. Between 2006 and 2010, 60 patients (62 hips) underwent acetabular revision using a combination of a TM shell and augment. A total of 51 patients (53 hips) had complete follow-up at a minimum of seven years and were included in the study. Of these patients, 15 were men (29.4%) and 36 were women (70.6%). Their mean age at the time of revision THA was 64.6 years (28 to 85). Three patients (5.2%) had a Paprosky IIA defect, 13 (24.5%) had a type IIB defect, six (11.3%) had a type IIC defect, 22 (41.5%) had a type IIIA defect, and nine (17%) had a type IIIB defect. Five patients (9.4%) also had pelvic discontinuity. Results. The overall survival of the acetabular component at a mean of ten years postoperatively was 92.5%. Three hips (5.6%) required further revision due to aseptic loosening, and one (1.9%) required revision for infection. Three hips with aseptic loosening failed, due to insufficient screw fixation of the shell in two and pelvic discontinuity in one. The mean Harris Hip Score improved significantly from 55 (35 to 68) preoperatively to 81 points (68 to 99) at the latest follow-up (p < 0.001). Conclusion. The reconstruction of acetabular defects with TM shells and augments showed excellent long-term results. Supplementary screw fixation of the shell should be performed in every patient. Alternative techniques should be considered to address pelvic disconinuity. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:311–316

Background. Ultraporous metals have now been used in acetabular reconstruction for two decades with excellent survival. The purpose of this study is to evaluate a newer porous metal made from Ti6Al4V titanium alloy in complex primary and revision hip arthroplasty. Methods. A retrospective review as performed on all total hip arthroplasty (THA) procedures in which a G7 Osseo-Ti (Zimmer Biomet, Warsaw, IN) acetabular component was used between 2015 and 2017. Patients with 2-year minimum follow-up or failure were included, yielding a cohort of 123 patients (126 hips). There were 50 male patients (41%; 51 hips) and 73 females (59%; 75 hips). Mean age was 65 years (range, 43–88) and mean BMI was 30.7 kg/m. 2. (range, 18–56). Indications for ultraporous metal components were in hips with compromised bone stock or severe acetabular deformity. Procedures were 35 complex primary THA and 91 revision THA that included 12 conversions and 24 reimplantations as part of 2-staged exchange for treatment of infection. Results. With an average 3.3-year follow-up (range, 2–5 years), 1 hip in the primary series (2.9%) and 4 hips in the revision series (4.4%) were revised for aseptic loosening of the acetabular component. Three of these re-revisions required custom triflange devices. Five patients (4%) failed for periprosthetic infection, which included 1 primary THA done for rheumatoid arthritis and post-radiation necrosis, and 4 second-stage reimplantation revision THAs for prior infection. Two revision patients, one done for active instability and one multiply revised, subsequently dislocated and required liner revision to constrained constructs. Kaplan-Meier analysis to endpoint of acetabular revision for aseptic loosening was 96.6% (±3.4%) in the primary series and 95.3% (±2.3%) in the revision series. Conclusion. This three-dimensionally printed ultraporous titanium acetabular component demonstrated promising early results in complex primary and revision total hip arthroplasty

Objectives. Previous studies have evidenced cement-in-cement techniques as reliable in revision arthroplasty. Commonly, the original cement mantle is reshaped, aiding accurate placement of the new stem. Ultrasonic devices selectively remove cement, preserve host bone, and have lower cortical perforation rates than other techniques. As far as the authors are aware, the impact of ultrasonic devices on final cement-in-cement bonds has not been investigated. This study assessed the impact of cement removal using the Orthosonics System for Cemented Arthroplasty Revision (OSCAR; Orthosonics) on final cement-in-cement bonds. Methods. A total of 24 specimens were manufactured by pouring cement (Simplex P Bone Cement; Stryker) into stainless steel moulds, with a central rod polished to Stryker Exeter V40 specifications. After cement curing, the rods were removed and eight specimens were allocated to each of three internal surface preparation groups: 1) burr; 2) OSCAR; and 3) no treatment. Internal holes were recemented, and each specimen was cut into 5 mm discs. Shear testing of discs was completed by a technician blinded to the original grouping, recording ultimate shear strengths. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was completed, inspecting surfaces of shear-tested specimens. Results. The mean shear strength for OSCAR-prepared specimens (33.6 MPa) was significantly lower than for the control (46.3 MPa) and burr (45.8 MPa) groups (p < 0.001; one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s post hoc analysis). There was no significant difference in shear strengths between control and burr groups (p = 0.57). Scanning electron microscopy of OSCAR specimens revealed evidence of porosity undiscovered in previous studies. Conclusion. Results show that the cement removal technique impacts on final cement-in-cement bonds. This in vitro study demonstrates significantly weaker bonds when using OSCAR prior to recementation into an old cement mantle compared with cement prepared with a burr or no treatment. This infers that care must be taken in surgical decision-making regarding cement removal techniques used during cement-in-cement revision arthroplasty, suggesting that the risks and benefits of ultrasonic cement removal need consideration. Cite this article: A. Liddle, M. Webb, N. Clement, S. Green, J. Liddle, M. German, J. Holland. Ultrasonic cement removal in cement-in-cement revision total hip arthroplasty: What is the effect on the final cement-in-cement bond? Bone Joint Res 2019;8:246–252. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.86.BJR-2018-0313.R1

We report on a cadaveric study and early experience using patient specific drill guides to prevent cortex perforations and reduce the need for a trochanteric osteotomy in revision THA. Mimic software (Materialise) was used for 3D analysis of the cement mantle and cement plug. Based on the CT findings a Cannulated drill guide with the shape of the femoral stem was printed in medical graded nylon intraoperative findings and complications were recorded on videotape using a standard 5mm laparoscope for medullary inspection. Surgical Technique was to attain a pre-operative CT scan with MARS protocol of the proximal femur to evaluate the femoral stem positioning, the 3D anatomy of the cement mantle, the length of the cement plug and the quality of the surrounding bone. Subsequent a 3D printing of patient specific cannulated drill guide with the shape of the removed femoral component but an eccentric cannulation was made. Endoscopic inspection was performed of the inside of the cement mantle, then insertion of the autoclaved cannulated drill guide in the existing cement mantle. After perforation of the distal plug through the PSI drill guide using either a long drill or an ultrasound plug perforation tool (Zimmer Biomet, Warsaw) the excessive cement was removed with standard available flexible femoral shaft reamers (Zimmer Biomet). Further laproscopic examination of the femoral canal performed to verify completeness of the cement removal. Results. CT scans with 3D reconstruction of the existing cement mantle is possible using Modern CT with MARS protocols. After the training on sawbones and cadaveric bones a predictable plug perforation was obtained in all clinical cases. There were no intraoperative cortex perforations and no intraoperative femoral fractures. Conclusion. CT scan analysis of femoral cement mantles together with patient specific drill guides are promising tools to reduce the risk of femoral perforation in revision total hip arthroplasty

We hypothesised that the use of tantalum (Ta) acetabular components in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) was protective against subsequent failure due to infection. We identified 966 patients (421 men, 545 women and 990 hips) who had undergone revision THA between 2000 and 2013. The mean follow up was 40.2 months (3 months to 13.1 years). The mean age of the men and women was 62.3 years (31 to 90) and 65.1 years (25 to 92), respectively. . Titanium (Ti) acetabular components were used in 536 hips while Ta components were used in 454 hips. In total, 73 (7.3%) hips experienced subsequent acetabular failure. The incidence of failure was lower in the Ta group at 4.4% (20/454) compared with 9.9% (53/536) in the Ti group (p < 0.001, odds ratio 2.38; 95% CI 1.37 to 4.27). Among the 144 hips (64 Ta, 80 Ti) for which revision had been performed because of infection, failure due to a subsequent infection was lower in the Ta group at 3.1% (2/64) compared with 17.5% (14/80) for the Ti group (p = 0.006). . Thus, the use of Ta acetabular components during revision THA was associated with a lower incidence of failure from all causes and Ta components were associated with a lower incidence of subsequent infection when used in patients with periprosthetic joint infection. . Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:45–9

Introduction. Highly cross-linked polyethylene has been introduced to decrease osteolysis secondary to polyethylene wear debris generation, but there are few long-term data on revision total hip arthroplasty using highly cross-linked polyethylene liners. The purpose of this study was to report the long-term radiographic and clinical outcomes of a highly cross-linked polyethylene liner in revision total hip arthroplasty. Materials & Methods. We analyzed 63 revision total hip arthoplasties that were performed in 63 patients using a highly cross-linked polyethylene liner between April 2000 and February 2005. Of these, nine died and four were lost to follow-up before the end of the 10-year evaluation. Thus, the final study cohort consisted of 50 patients (50 hips). There were 26 males and 24 females with a mean age at time of revision total hip arthoplasty of 53 years (range, 27–75 years). Mean duration of follow-up was 11 years (range, 10–14 years). Results. Mean Harris hip score improved from 44 points preoperatively to 85 points at final follow-up. No radiographic evidence of osteolysis was found in any hip. One hip required re-revision surgery for acetabular cup loosening at 6.5 years postoperatively. One required re-revision with a constrained liner because of recurrent dislocation. Three sustained deep infections requiring additional surgical procedures. Kaplan-Meier survivorship with an end point of re-revision for any reason was 91.0% and for aseptic cup loosening was 97.9% at 11 years (Figs. 1 and 2). Conclusions. At a minimum of 10 years, the highly cross-linked polyethylene liners showed excellent clinical performance and implant survivorship, and were not associated with osteolysis in our group of patients with revision total hip arthoplasties

Acetabular reconstruction of extensive bone defect is troublesome in revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA). Kerboull or Kerboull type reinforcement acetabular device with allobone grafting has been applied since 1996. Clinical results of the procedure were evaluated. Patients. One hundred and ninety-two consecutive revision total hip arthroplasties were performed with allograft bone supported by the Kerboull or Kerboull type reinforcement acetabular device from 1996 to 2009. There were 23 men and 169 women. Kerboull plates were applied to 18 patients, and Kerboull type plates to 174. The mean follow up of the whole series was 8 years (4–18years). Surgical Technique. The superior bone defect was reconstructed principally by a large bulky allo block with plate system. Medial bone defect was reconstructed by adequate bone chips and/or sliced bone plates. After temporally fixation of bulky bone block with two 2.0mm K-wires, it was remodeled by reaming to fit the gap between host bone and plate, followed by fixation to the iliac bone by screws. Finally, residual space of the defect between host bone and the fixed plated was filled up with morselized cancellous bones, bone chips, and/or wedged bony fragments with impaction. This method was sufficiently applicable to AAOS Typeâ�, II, and III bone defects. In case of AAOS Typeâ�£, the procedure was also available after repairing discontinuation between distal and proximal bones by reconstrusion plate or allografting with tibial bone plates or sliced femoral head. Results. Nine patients (4.7%) required revision surgery (infection 5, breakage 3, and malalignment 1). The plate breakage was observed in 8 joints (4.2%). Three patients had no symptoms after the breakage. Three required revision, but the other cases were carefully observed without additional surgical intervention. Ten-year survival rate by Kaplan-Meier method was 96.6% when the endpoint was set revision by asceptic loosning. Conclusions. This study indicated that acetabular allograft reconstructions reinforced by Kerboull or Kerboull type acetabular device were able to recover bone stock with anatomic reconstruction of femoral head center, thus providing satisfactory clinical results in middle term period

Introduction: Bone stock in revision total hip arthroplasty is one of the most important issues for the orthopaedic surgeon. Different options have been described to manage acetabular bone defects. We reviewed the clinical and radiological results of two different uncemented oblong cups. Material and methods: 18 LOR (Sulzer) and 21 BOFOR (EndoPlus) uncemented cups were evaluated. Morsellized cancellous bone graft was used in all cases but 3. Mean follow-up was 31.6 months. Mean patient age was 72.3 years (32 to 91). Bone defects were classified according to Paprosky’s criteria. Clinical and radiological results were recorded. Results: There have been no infections and no re-revisions in this series, although one patient is awaiting evaluation for re-revision. Clinical results improved according to the Harris Hip Score from 44 to 75 points. 34 cups were considered stable and 5 showed migration. All unstable cups were implanted in patients with type IIIA or IIIB bone defects. We observed the appearance of non-progressive radiolucent lines of less than 2 mm in 7 hips, sclerosis lines in 1 and acetabular osteolysis in 2. Conclusions: Uncemented oblong cups are a valid option in revision total hip arthroplasty. The results were worse in patients with major acetabular bone defects. A longer follow-up is needed to evaluate these cups and confirm our findings

Aims

United Classification System (UCS) B2 and B3 periprosthetic fractures in total hip arthroplasties (THAs) have been commonly managed with modular tapered stems. No study has evaluated the use of monoblock fluted tapered titanium stems for this indication. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a monoblock stems on implant survivorship, postoperative outcomes, radiological outcomes, and osseointegration following treatment of THA UCS B2 and B3 periprosthetic fractures.

Introduction. Modular tapered implants have been suggested as the optimal treatment in patients with severe femoral bone loss undergoing revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). The purpose of this study is to describe minimum 2 year follow up of patients treated with modular tapered prostheses for Paprosky type IIIB and IV femoral bone loss in revision THA. Methods. 44 Consecutive patients with Paprosky type IIIB (23) or IV (21) femurs undergoing revision total hip arthroplasty to cementless modular tapered prostheses were studied. Harris Hip Scores were obtained prior to revision on all patients except those presenting with acute implant failure or periprosthetic fracture. 10 Patients were deceased within 2 years of surgery; the remaining 18 were followed for an average of 42 months (range 25-69 months). Clinical outcomes were measured using the Harris Hip Score, and radiographs were assessed for signs of stem loosening or subsidence >4mm. Results. No further revisions were required in patients who were deceased within 2 years. In those with >2 year follow up, there were 4 additional revisions: 1 for infection, 2 for instability, and 1 for periprosthetic fracture. In patients with surviving implants, the mean Harris Hip Score improved from 33 (range 11-49) pre-operatively to 77 (range 55-100), and there was no radiographic evidence of loosening or subsidence at time of final follow up. Conclusions. These outcomes support the use of modular tapered implants as a safe and effective option for revision arthroplasty of type IIIB and IV femurs

Tapered, fluted, modular, titanium stems have a long history in Europe and are increasing in popularity in North America. We have reviewed the results at our institution looking at stem survival and clinical outcomes. Radiological outcomes and quality of life assessments have been performed and compared to cylindrical non-modular cobalt chromium stems. Survival at five years was 94%. This fell to 85% at ten years due to stem breakage with older designs. Review of radiology showed maintenance or improvement of bone stock in 87% of cases. Outcome scores were superior in tapered stems despite worse pre-operative femoral deficiency. Tapered stems have proved to be a useful alternative in revision total hip arthroplasty across the spectrum of femoral bone deficiency

As the proximal femoral bone is generally compromised in failed hip arthroplasty, achievement of solid fixation with a new component can be technically demanding. Recent studies have demonstrated good short-term clinical results after revision total hip arthroplasty using modular distal fixation stems, but, to our knowledge, none have included clinical follow-up of greater than 5 years. The purpose of this study was to report the clinical and radiographic outcomes assessed 5 to 10 years following revision total hip arthroplasty with a modular tapered distal fixation stem. We retrospectively evaluated 50 revision total hip arthroplasties performed using a modular tapered distal fixation stem Between December 1998 and November 2003. There were 15 men (16 hips) and 34 women (34 hips) with a mean age of 59 years (range, 36 to 80 years). The index operation was the first femoral revision for 46 hips, the second for 3 hips, and the fifth for 1 hip. According to the Paprosky classification, 5 femoral defects were Type II, 31 were Type IIIA, and 14 were Type IIIB. An extended trochanteric osteotomy was carried out in 24 (48%) of the 50 hips. Patients were followed both clinically and radiographically for a mean of 7.2 years. The mean Harris hip score improved from 54 points preoperatively to 94 points at the time of the latest follow-up. The mean stem subsidence was 1.5mm. Three stems subsided more than 5 mm, but all have stabilized in their new positions. During follow-up, a total of 4 hips required additional surgery. One hip had two-stage re-revision due to deep infection, one had liner and head exchange for alumina ceramic head fracture, and the other two underwent isolated cup re-revision because of aseptic cup loosening and recurrent dislocation, respectively. No repeat revision was performed due to aseptic loosening of the femoral component. Complications included 6% intraoperative fractures, 4% cortical perforations, and 4% dislocations. There were no stem fractures at the modular junction. The medium-term clinical results and mechanical stability obtained with this modular tapered distal fixation stem were excellent in these challenging revision situations with femoral bone defects

Background. The purpose of this multicenter, randomized clinical trial was to determine the optimal dosing regimen of tranexamic acid (TXA) to minimize perioperative blood loss for revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods. Six centers prospectively randomized 155 revisions to one of four regimens: 1g of intravenous (IV) TXA prior to incision, a double dose regimen of 1g IV TXA prior to incision and 1g IV TXA during wound closure, a combination of 1g IV TXA prior to incision and 1g intraoperative topical TXA, or three doses of 1950mg oral TXA administered 2 hours preoperatively, 6 hours postoperatively, and on the morning of postoperative day one. Randomization was based upon revision subgroups to ensure equivalent group distribution, including: femur only, acetabulum only, both component, explant/spacer, and second stage reimplantation. Patients undergoing an isolated modular exchange were excluded. An a priori power analysis (alpha = 0.05; beta = 0.80) determined 40 patients per group were required to identify a 1g/dL difference in postoperative hemoglobin reduction between groups. Per-protocol analysis involved an analysis of variance, Fisher's exact tests, and two one-sided t-tests for equivalence. Results. Demographic and surgical variables were equivalent between groups. No significant differences were found between TXA regimens when evaluating reduction in hemoglobin (single IV = 3.6 g/dL, double IV = 3.6 g/dL, combined = 3.4 g/dL, and oral = 3.6 g/dL; p = 0.87), calculated blood loss (p = 0.67), or transfusion rates (single IV = 14%, double IV = 20%, combined = 17%, oral = 21%; p = 0.85). Equivalence testing revealed all possible pairings were statistically equivalent, assuming greater than a 1g/dL difference in hemoglobin reduction as clinically relevant. Conclusions. All TXA regimens tested had equivalent blood-sparing properties in the setting of revision THA. Surgeons should consider the lowest effective dose and the most economical regimen. For any tables or figures, please contact the authors directly

Aims. Severe, superior acetabular bone defects are one of the most challenging aspects to revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). We propose a new concept of “superior extended fixation” as fixation extending superiorly 2 cm beyond the original acetabulum rim with porous metal augments, which is further classified into intracavitary and extracavitary fixation. We hypothesized that this new concept would improve the radiographic and clinical outcomes in patients with massive superior acetabular bone defects. Patients and Methods. Twenty eight revision THA patients were retrospectively reviewed who underwent reconstruction with the concept of superior extended fixation from 2014 to 2016 in our hospital. Patients were assessed using the Harris Hip Score (HHS) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score (WOMAC). In addition, radiographs were assessed and patient reported satisfaction was collected. Results. At an average follow-up of 28 months (range 18 – 52 months), the postoperative HHS and WOMAC scores were significantly improved at the last follow-up (p < 0.001). The postoperative horizontal and vertical locations of the COR from the interteardrop line were significantly improved from the preoperative measurements (p < 0.001). One (3.6 %) patient was dissatisfied due to periprosthetic joint infection. Conclusion. Extracavitray and intracavitary superior extended fixation with porous metal augments and cementless cups are effective in reconstructing severe superior acetabular bone defects, with promising short-term clinical and radiographic outcome

Revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) presents with increasing challenges, potentially compromising the integrity of a revision. The objective of this study was to assess radiologic outcomes of patients who underwent revision THA with a modular tapered stem (Reclaim, DePuy Synthes). This study retrospectively examined all revision Reclaim THAs between 2012 and 2016. Radiologic assessment compared x-rays at two time points: immediately after surgery and the most recent x-ray available. Leg length discrepancy, subsidence and line-to-line fit was assessed. Significant subsidence was considered ≥10mm. Adequate line-to-line fit was considered ≥30mm of bicortical contact. Descriptive statistics included clinical factors (i.e. age, Paprosky classification). P values <0.05 were considered significant. A total of 81 femoral revisions were completed. There were 42 females and 38 males with a mean age of 71 years (range, 46–89). Of these, 6 were revised (dislocation, fracture or infection), and 7 were lost to follow up. Average follow up time was 18 months (range, 1–46 months). Femoral revisions were classified as Paprosky 3a or 3b. Mean stem subsidence was 4.15mm (range, 0–25.6mm). Subsidence of the femoral stem was <10mm in 88% of patients. A total of 62% of patients had both subsidence <10mm and ≥30mm of bicortical contact. In patients with <10mm subsidence, 70% had ≥30mm of bicortical contact. There was a positive trend between cortical contact and stem stability (OR 2.3). The Reclaim modular femoral system has demonstrated radiographic stability. Inadequate initial fit is a potential determinant of subsidence

Aims

Pelvic discontinuity is a challenging acetabular defect without a consensus on surgical management. Cup-cage reconstruction is an increasingly used treatment strategy. The present study evaluated implant survival, clinical and radiological outcomes, and complications associated with the cup-cage construct.

This is the first study to determine if closure of the posterior capsule during revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) results in a reduction in the historically high dislocation rate. Seventy-nine consecutive patients undergoing revision THA with a posterolateral approach and closure of the posterior hip capsule were retrospectively reviewed. At a mean follow-up of fifty-seven months (range twenty-four to one hundred and twenty months), there were only two dislocations (2.5%). The historically high dislocation rates with the posterolateral approach in revision THA, can be significantly decreased with posterior capsular closure from approximately 15% to 2.5%. To determine if closure of the posterior capsule during revision total hip arthroplasty results in a reduction in the historically high dislocation rate. The dislocation rate after revision THA with a posterior approach can be minimized by repairing the posterior capsule and rotators. The historically high dislocation rates with the pos-terolateral approach in revision THA, can be significantly decreased with posterior capsular closure from approximately 15% to 2.5%. A retrospective study was carried out to review seventy-nine consecutive revision THAs. In all cases, the surgery was done by a single surgeon using the posterolateral approach. In every case, the posterior capsule was meticulously repaired at the end of the procedure. All patients had a minimum two- year follow-up and no patients were lost to follow up. At a mean follow-up of fifty-seven months (range twenty-four to one hundred and twenty months), there were only two dislocations (2.5%). Both dislocations occurred early postoperatively were anterior. One occurred in a high risk case- a proximal femoral replacement with a trochanteric osteotomy, high hip center and skirted head. The other was due to a technical error, with the cup being excessively anteverted. There were no late dislocations or subluxations. The dislocation rate after revision THA with a posterior approach can be minimized by balancing soft tissues, correct implant alignment and repairing the posterior capsule and rotators

Revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) is challenging when there is severe loss of bone in the proximal femur. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of revision THA in patients with severe proximal femoral bone loss treated with a fluted, tapered, modular femoral component. Between January 1998 and December 2004, 92 revision THAs were performed in 92 patients using a single fluted, tapered, modular femoral stem design. Pre-operative diagnoses included aseptic loosening, infection and peri-prosthetic fracture. Bone loss was categorised pre-operatively as Paprosky types III-IV, or Vancouver B3 in patients with a peri-prosthetic fracture. The mean clinical follow-up was 6.4 years (2 to 12). A total of 47 patients had peri-operative complications, 27 of whom required further surgery. However, most of these further operations involved retention of a well-fixed femoral stem, and 88/92 femoral components (97%) remained in situ. Of the four components requiring revision, three were revised for infection and were well fixed at the time of revision; only one (1%) was revised for aseptic loosening. The most common complications were post-operative instability (17 hips, 19%) and intra-operative femoral fracture during insertion of the stem (11 hips, 12%). Diaphyseal stress shielding was noted in 20 hips (22%). There were no fractures of the femoral component. At the final follow-up 78% of patients had minimal or no pain. . Revision THA in patients with extensive proximal femoral bone loss using the Link MP fluted, tapered, modular stem led to a high rate of osseointegration of the stem at mid-term follow-up. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015; 97-B:312–17

This study aimed to quantify self-reported outcomes and walking gait biomechanics in patients following primary and revision THA. The specific goals of this study were to investigate: (i) if primary and revision THA patients have comparable preoperative outcomes; and (2) if revision THA patients have worse postoperative outcomes than primary THA patients.

Forty-three patients undergoing primary THA for osteoarthritis and 23 patients undergoing revision THA were recruited and followed longitudinally for their first 12 postoperative months. Reasons for revision were loosening (73%), dislocation (9%), and infection (18%). Patients completed the Hip dysfunction and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS), and underwent gait analysis preoperatively, and at 3 and 12 months postoperatively. A 10 camera motion analysis system (V5 Vantage, Vicon, UK) recorded marker trajectories (100 Hz) during walking at self- selected speeds. A generic lower-body musculoskeletal model (Gait2392) was scaled using principal component analysis [1] and the inverse kinematics tool in Opensim 3.3 was used to compute joint angles for the lower limbs in the sagittal plane. Independent samples t-test were used to compare patient reported outcomes between the primary and revision groups at each timepoint. Statistical parametric mapping was used to compare gait patterns between the two groups at each timepoint.

Preoperatively, patients undergoing primary THA reported significantly worse pain (p<0.001), symptoms (p<0.001), function (p<0.001), and quality of life (p=0.004). No differences were observed at 3 and 12 months postoperatively between patients who had received a primary or revision THA. The only observed difference in gait pattern was that patients with a revision THA had reduced hip extension at 3 months, but no differences were observed preoperatively and 12 months.

Despite the suggestions in the literature that revision THA is bound to have worse outcomes compared to primary THA, we found no differences in in patient-reported outcomes and gait patterns at 12 months postoperatively. This suggests that it may be possible, in some circumstances, for patients following revision THA to achieve similar outcomes to their peers undergoing primary THA.

Introduction: Failure to restore offset in severe protrusio defects in revision total hip replacement can lead to impingement and loss of limb length. The purpose of this study was to determine the initial results obtained with a novel cup in cup technique utilizing two porous tantalum acetabular shells, one placed onto supportive host bone in a cementless fashion, the other cemented in to this shell. Methods: Porous tantalum hemispherical shells were implanted in 4 revision total hip replacements in 3 patients with an average age of 73 years at the time of the procedure. Bony defects per the Paprosky classification were one IIC, two IIIA, and one IIIB. All patients were followed clinically and radiographically. Results: The patients were followed for an average of 25.5 months (range, 17 to 29 months). Abductor strength improved by one grade in all patients. In the non-bilateral reconstruction patients horizontal offset was increased compared to the normal hip by 6 mm (IIIB) and 8 mm (IIC). For the bilateral reconstruction patient (IIIA) horizontal offset compared to pre-op was increased by 13–16 mm. There was no evidence of loosening or migration at the time of final follow-up. Conclusions: At short term follow-up the early experience cautiously supports the use of this construct. Long term follow-up and a larger patient experience will be required to evaluate the results of this novel technique

Aims. Revision total hip arthroplasty is a common operation. The MP Link (Waldemar Link, Hamburg, Germany) system is a distally loading, modular, tapered femoral stem component for revision hip surgery. MP Link in revision total hip arthoplasty was investigated clinically, radiologically and with Oxford hip scores. Methods. A prospective study was conducted of 43 patients undergoing revision total hip arthroplasty with MP Link prostheses between 2004 and 2010. The patients were operated upon by one of the senior authors (JM, JS, RC). Outcome data was collected in clinic and via patient questionnaires. Results. Of the 43 patients, 18 were males. The mean age at surgery was 70.88 years (range 37–97 years). The mean follow up was 33.1 months (range 10–61 months). Indications for revision surgery ranged from aseptic loosening in 34 patients (79.1%), infection in 7 (16.3%), periprosthetic fractures in 1 (2.3%) and recurrent dislocations in 1 (2.3%). None of the patients were lost to follow up. 4 patients died with asymptomatic, well-fixed stems. 2 patients requested to have their follow up referred to their local hospital after 6 and 28 months respectively. 1 patient developed a post-operative pulmonary embolus which was treated with warfarin and caused no further problems. The average Birmingham hip score following the revision surgery was 13.5/48. 100% of the patients had osteointegration of the stem and there were no cases of loosening or osteolysis. There was no radiographic evidence of distal migration of the stems. One patient who underwent revision for infection, became re-infected and underwent further revision surgery. Kaplan-Meier survivorship was 98%. Discussion. The early to mid term results of the uncemented, modular femoral MP link prosthesis are encouraging in complex revision total hip arthoplasty. Long term results are awaited

Introduction. As the proximal femoral bone is generally compromised in failed total hip arthroplasty, achievement of solid fixation with a new component can be technically demanding. Clinical studies have demonstrated good medium-term results after revision total hip arthroplasty using modular fluted and tapered distal fixation stems, but, to our knowledge, long-term outcomes have been rarely reported in the literature. The purpose of this study was to report the minimum ten-year results of revision total hip arthroplasty using a modular fluted and tapered distal fixation stem. Materials & Methods. We analyzed 40 revision THAs performed in using a modular fluted and tapered distal fixation stem (Fig. 1) between December 1998 and February 2004. There were 11 men (12 hips) and 28 women (28 hips) with a mean age of 59 years (range, 38 to 79 years) at the time of revision THA. According to the Paprosky classification of femoral defects, 5 were Type II, 24 were Type IIIA, and 11 were Type IIIB. An extended trochanteric osteotomy was carried out in 21 (52%) of the 40 hips. Patients were followed for a mean of 11.7 years (range, 10 to 15 years). Results. The mean Harris hip score improved from 41 points preoperatively to 85 points at the time of the latest follow-up. A total of 4 hips required additional surgery. One hip had two-stage reconstruction due to deep infection, one had liner and head exchange for ceramic head fracture, one had isolated cup re-revision for aseptic loosening, and one had constrained component revision for recurrent dislocation. No repeat revision was performed due to aseptic loosening of femoral stem. There was no stem fracture at the modular junction. Kaplan-Meier survivorship with an end point of stem re-revision for any reason was 98.1% at 11.7 years (Fig. 2), and, for aseptic stem loosening, the best-case scenario was 100% and the worst-case scenario was 91.9% at 11.7 years (Fig. 3). Conclusions. A modular fluted and tapered distal fixation stem continued to provide a reliable fixation at a minimum ten years after revision THA and can therefore be recommended as a promising option for challenging revision situations with femoral bone defects

With the approval of our institute, we reviewed all the robot-assisted hip revision during October 2019 and August 2021. MAKO joint arthroplasty system was used to perform the hip revision surgery.

Seventy-one robot-assisted hip revision cases were included. Cup revisions were carried out in 68 patients while stem revisions were also carried out in 68 patients. Three types of registration techniques (extra acetabular bone surface based, liner based, metal shell based or cage surface based) on the acetabular side. The extra acetabular bone surface was the commonest used for registration (48/70, 68.6%, mean accuracy 0.37mm), followed by liner surface (11/70, 15.7%, mean accuracy 0.36mm), acetabulum cup (10/70, 14.3%, mean accuracy 0.37mm), and cage surface (1/70, 1.4%, accuracy 0.40mm). We succeeded cup registration and robotic arm guided cup insertion in all the cases. The average cup inclination and anteversion after revision were 40.87°±4.39° and 13.87°±4.24°, respectively. Cups in 62 cases (62/68, 91.2%) were within the Lewinnek safe zone while in 55 cases (55/68, 80.9%) were within the Callanan safe zone.

The Mako robot-assisted system could bring favorable cup reconstruction in hip revision with acceptable surgical time and blood loss. Accurate registration could be achieved by different methods.

Revision total hip arthroplasty, with retention of well fixed femoral and acetabular components and exchange of modular femoral heads and acetabular liners, is seeing increasing usage, primarily for the treatment of osteolysis or recurrent dislocations. The purpose of this study was to determine the dislocation rate after this procedure. From January 1993 to December 2000, 54 patients underwent isolated head and liner exchange performed by two surgeons. These patients have been followed bi-annually with clinical and radiographic evaulation. There were 36 males and 18 females. Diagnoses at the time of revision surgery were recurrent dislocations in 27 and osteolysis in 27. The overall dislocation rate was 11% (6/54). In the 49 non-constrained revisions, a 28 mm diameter femoral head was used in 27 and a 32 mm head in 22. At the time of revision, 60% of the femoral heads were lengthened, 40% were increased in diameter, and 25% were increased in both dimensions. Hooded or later-alised liners were used in 55% of the revisions. Operative stability was documented in all operative notes, and in 85% Ranawat’s sign was used to determine liner placement based on relative component version. The dislocation rate in the non-constrained revisions was 8% (4/49). Two out of five constrained revisions, performed for recurrent dislocations, subsequently dislocated. In this study isolated head and liner revision had a comparable dislocation rate to full revision total hip arthroplasty

Management of severe acetabular bone loss at the time of revision total hip replacements (THR) remains has been one of the greater challenges for hip surgeon. Recently, many methods of acetabular reconstruction have been described and various materials are used for supplement of the bone stock deficiency in acetabular revision THR. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the midterm results of the using support ring with bone allografts in acetabular revision THR. From 1990 to 2005, forty-six acetabular revisions using supporting ring with bone allografts were performed at our institution. All patients were followed up for a minimum of three years with a mean follow-up of 7.5 years. Pre-operative radiological acetabular bone defects were assessed and classified by author’s classification (Itoman’s classification). Radiological analysis involved a general qualitative evaluation. The position of the acetabular reinforcement ring was measured on radiograms, taken immediately after revision surgery and again at the time of last follow-up. Using a MEM template, cranio-central migration and cup inclination angle were measured. Kaplan-Meier survivorship analysis was performed. The end point was revision because of mechanical loosening of the acetabular implant. We used thirty-six Ganz rings, six Müller rings, three Kerboull T-plate and two Burch-Schneider anti-protrusion cages. The acetabular bone defects were classified as: 10 hips Type B (central defect), 9 hips Type C (cranial defect), 27 hips Type D (cranial-central defect). Migration of acetabular component was defined as a change of > 5mm in the cranial or central direction of the cup or a change in the cup inclination angle of > 5° at the time of last follow-up. All the Eleven acetabular components which had defined as loose were Type D. One acetabular component was revised because of mechanical loosening, four were revised because of infection, and one was broken polyethylene liner. Kaplan-Meier survivorship of these reconstructions was 96.2 % at 10 years. Allograft reconstruction of acetabular bone defect in revision total hip replacement is beneficial procedure. The remaining pelvic bone is usually in poor condition, therefore, it is necessary to ensure primary fixation with the reinforcement ring with bone allografts

THA in patients with acetabular bone defects is associated with a high risk of dislocation. Dual mobility (DM) cups are known to prevent and treat chronic instability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dislocation rate and survival of jumbo DM cups.

This was a retrospective, continuous, multicenter study of all the cases of jumbo DM cup implantation between 2010 and 2017 in patients with acetabular bone loss (Paprosky 2A: 46%, 2B: 32%, 2C: 15% and 3A: 6%). The indications for implantation were revisions for aseptic loosening of the cup (n=45), aseptic loosening of the femoral stem (n=3), bipolar loosening (n=11), septic loosening (n=10), periprosthetic fracture (n=5), chronic dislocation (n=4), intraprosthetic dislocation (n=2), cup impingement (n=1), primary posttraumatic arthroplasty (n=8), and acetabular dysplasia (n=4). The jumbo cups used were COPTOS TH (SERF), which combines press-fit fixation with supplemental fixation (acetabular hook, two superior flanges with one to four screws, two acetabular pegs). A bone graft was added in 74 cases (80%). The clinical assessment consisted of the Harris hip score. The primary endpoint was surgical revision for aseptic acetabular loosening or the occurrence of a dislocation episode.

In all, 93 patients were reviewed at a mean follow-up of 5.3 ± 2.3 years [0, 10]. As of the last follow-up, the acetabular cup had been changed in five cases: three due to aseptic loosening (3.2%) and two due to infection (2.1%). The survivorship free of aseptic loosening was 96.8%. Three patients (3%) suffered a dislocation. At the last follow-up visit, the mean HSS scores were 72.15, (p < 0.05).

Use of a jumbo DM cup in cases of acetabular bone defects leads to satisfactory medium-term results with low dislocation and loosening rates.

In this study, we examined the impact of dual-mobility (DM) versus fixed-bearing (FB) implants on outcomes following total hip arthroplasty (THA), a common and successful operation. We examined all-cause revision, revision due to dislocation, postoperative complications and functional scores in patients undergoing primary and revision THA.

A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines, and was registered in PROSPERO (ID CRD42023403736). The Cochrane Library, Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from inception to 12th March 2023. Eligible studies underwent meta-analysis and methodological assessment using the ROBINS-I tool. Data were pooled using a random-effects maximum-likelihood model.

Eight comparative, non-randomised studies involving 2,810 DM implants and 3,188 FB implants were included. In primary THA, the difference in all-cause revision was imprecise (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.25–2.72), whilst the DM cohort had a statistically significant benefit in revision due to dislocation (OR 0.08, 95% CI 0.02–0.28). In revision THA, the DM cohort showed significant benefit in all-cause revision (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.31–1.05) and revision due to dislocation (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.04–0.53). DM implants were associated with a lower incidence of implant dislocation and infection. Functional outcome analysis was limited due to underreporting. No intraprosthetic dislocations were observed.

The results suggest that contemporary DM designs may be advantageous in reducing the risk of all-cause revision, revision due to dislocation, and postoperative complication incidence at mid-term follow-up. Further high-quality prospective studies are needed to evaluate the long-term performance of this design, especially in revision cases.

A total of 31 patients, (20 women, 11 men; mean age 62.5 years old; 23 to 81), who underwent conversion of a Girdlestone resection-arthroplasty (RA) to a total hip replacement (THR) were compared with 93 patients, (60 women, 33 men; mean age 63.4 years old; 20 to 89), who had revision THR surgery for aseptic loosening in a retrospective matched case-control study. Age, gender and the extent of the pre-operative bone defect were similar in all patients. Mean follow-up was 9.3 years (5 to 18).

Pre-operative function and range of movement were better in the control group (p = 0.01 and 0.003, respectively) and pre-operative leg length discrepancy (LLD) was greater in the RA group (p < 0.001). The post-operative clinical outcome was similar in both groups except for mean post-operative LLD, which was greater in the study group (p = 0.003). There was a significant interaction effect for LLD in the study group (p < 0.001). A two-way analysis of variance showed that clinical outcome depended on patient age (patients older than 70 years old had worse pre-operative pain, p = 0.017) or bone defect (patients with a large acetabular bone defect had higher LLD, p = 0.006, worse post-operative function p = 0.009 and range of movement, p = 0.005), irrespective of the group.

Despite major acetabular and femoral bone defects requiring complex surgical reconstruction techniques, THR after RA shows a clinical outcome similar to those obtained in aseptic revision surgery for hips with similar sized bone defects.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1478–84.

We retrospectively reviewed 40 hips in 36 patients who had undergone acetabular reconstruction using a titanium Kerboull-type acetabular reinforcement device with bone allografts between May 2001 and April 2006. Impacted bone allografts were used for the management of American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Type II defects in 17 hips, and bulk bone allografts together with impacted allografts were used for the management of Type III defects in 23 hips. A total of five hips showed radiological failure at a mean follow-up of 6.7 years (4.5 to 9.3), two of which were infected. The mean pre-operative Merle d’Aubigné score was 10 (5 to 15) vs 13.6 (9 to 18) at the latest follow-up. The Kaplan-Meier survival rate at ten years, calculated using radiological failure or revision of the acetabular component for any reason as the endpoint, was 87% (95% confidence interval 76.3 to 97.7). A separate experimental analysis of the mechanical properties of the device and the load-displacement properties of bone grafts showed that a structurally hard allograft resected from femoral heads of patients with osteoarthritis should be preferentially used in any type of defect. If impacted bone allografts were used, a bone graft thickness of < 25 mm was acceptable in Type II defects. This clinical study indicates that revision total hip replacement using the Kerboull-type acetabular reinforcement device with bone allografts yielded satisfactory mid-term results

This study was to analyze the minimum ten years clinical and radiological results of revision total hip arthroplasties using allogenic impaction bone graft and cemented cup in acetabular bone deficiency. Fifty two revision total hip arthroplasties that had been performed in forty nine patients between March 1992 and June 1997 and had followed more than minimum ten years were included in this study. The clinical and radiological results were evaluated by Harris hip score and roentgenography including anterior-posterior view of pelvis and lateral view of operated hip. The mean Harris hip score was 47 points preoperatively, 81 points at three years, 84 points at seven years, and 82 points at ten years after revision. In radiological evaluation, osseous union between grafted bone and host bone was seen within four months in 47 hips, a complete grafted bone-cement radiolucent line of two millimeter or more in at least one zone was seen in 5 hips at two years, 7 hips at seven years, and 2 hip at 10 years follow-up. We recommend the technique using allogenic impaction bone graft and cemented cup to reconstruct the acetabular cavitary defect in revision total hip arthroplasties

Purpose: We studied a consecutive multicentric series retrospectively to assess outcome after one-stage revision total hip arthroplasty without cement for infection-related failed total hip arthroplasty in patients with chronic infection (> 30 days). Material and method: Thirty-four patients (12 women and 22 men) underwent primary arthroplasty between 1992 and 1998. Mean age was 67.8 years (range 45 – 89). Indications were primary hip degeneration (n=17), neck fracture (n=5), secondary hip degeneration (n=12). Twenty-two patients had risk factors for infection. The same treatment protocol was used for all patients: single-phase replacement of the infected implant with insertion of a hydroxyapatite coated implant without cement and a three-month antibiotic regimen adapted to intraoperative samples. Seven femorotomies were performed. Clinical, laboratory and radiological findings were used to assess outcome. Patients were considered to be cured when laboratory tests were normal and x-rays showed no signs of suspected complications. Results: There were three failures and 31 successful revisions. Intraoperative fracture of the femur required osteosynthesis in six patients. five patients developed a drug-related complication. Isolated germs were: meticillin-sensitive staphylococcus (n=18), meticillin-resistant staphylococcus (n=6), multiple germs (n=2), other germs (n=6), undetermined (n=2). The three failures occurred in patients with meticillin-resistant staphylococcal infections. Discussion and conclusion: Our 88% success rate is in line with data in the literature. For us, one-phase revision is the best first intention option: other techniques may be required for patients with severe infections, after failure of one-stage revision, or massive loss of bone stock. Based on the present results, we have continued to prefer this therapeutic option but long-term follow-up is needed to further support these early findings

A seventy-one-years old, female, has been treated by hemodialysis from 1977 due to renal failure. In April 19, 1985, she had Charnley Low Friction Arthroplasty for right hip joint. She often felt mild pain on the joint from 2000. Radiograph showed central migration of the socket and huge cystic bone defect of the acetabulum surrounded by thin cortical bone like an egg-shell form. Tear drop (acetabular floor) was diminished due to massive bone destruction or severe osteolysis. CT showed that the diameter of the cavity was approximately 10 cm. In March 1, 2002, the socket was upside down and moving freely in the cavity. The patient could not weight-bear on right lower extremity but walk without two crutches. Hemiarthroplasty for her left hip joint (contra-lateral side) was done in June 26, 2006, due to femoral neck fracture. Because of continuous right hip joint pain and walking disturbance, she underwent revision surgery in May 20, 2008. At the surgery, the cavity was empty except for the socket and fibrous tissue. Impaction grafting by using morselized allograft including porous and solid hydroxyapatite granules (100 g and 40 g each) was done after the socket and the tissue were extracted. A custom made all polyethylene socket (73 × 68 mm in diameter) was fixed by polymethylmetacrylate bone cement. Postoperative course was uneventful. She can walk with one crutch and ride on/off a vehicles without help four months postoperatively. It is often difficult to reconstruct acetabulum with large bone defect in revision total hip arthroplasty. Especially, almost of support rings with hook cannot be applied in the case that the tear drop is destructive or absorbed. Impaction bone grafting is commonly used for reconstruction of bone defect in revision surgery. However, the extremely thick graft for large bone defect is at risk of collapsing lead to implant migration. The socket used in the case was custom made jumbo type to reduce the thickness of impaction grafting. It seems to be one of resolution to use the custom made jumbo socket for the case with large defect of acetabulum in revision total hip Arthroplasty

Purpose: Removing cement for revision total hip arthroplasty is always a challenge. The OSCAR device (Orthosonics Ltd UK) provides an elegant solution. We conducted a prospective study of ultrasound ablation using this device in 19 patients undergoing revision total hip arthroplasty to assess feasibility. Material and methods: Between March 1999 and January 2001, 17 patients, ten women and seven men underwent revision of their femoral component for aseptic loosening (14 cases) or infection (five cases). The Vives criteria as modified by SOFCOT were six grade 1, six grade 2, five grade 3 and two grade 4. The femoral stem removed had a standard length in 17 cases and measured 250 mm in one. The cement obturated the femur in one case with a proximal misinsertion. On the average, the terminal plug went 40 mm beyond the tip of the stem. Trochanterotomy was used ten times and anterior approach in nine. Two ultrasound probes were used: scraper probes that removed cement from the walls and a perforating probe when needed to remove the terminal plug. We recorded the time needed to remove all the cement, the ease or difficulty of the process, the presence of misinserted cement, need for other methods (new window, femorotomy), duration of the hospital stay, and delay to weight-bearing with crutches. The quality of the cementing and presence of cement overflow were determined on plain radiographs. All patients were reviewed for this work. Results: It took less than 60 min to remove the cement in 14 cases and from 60 to 90 min for four cases; the cement could not be totally removed in one case. There was one fracture (grade 4 during a third revision operation). The end plug was removed under good conditions in 14 cases. The femoral stem could be recemented in nine cases using a longer stem in five. Cementing was satisfactory in 12 cases. Deferred surgery was required for the five cases with infection; in two cases the cement persisted at the second operation requiring a new ablation process. There were no cases of misinsertion. Mean hospital stay was 10.1 days and weight-bearing was authorised on the third day for patients without infection. At a mean follow-up of 8.5 months, there have been no cases of revision, fracture or stem migration. Discussion: The rate of total hip arthroplasty revision is an estimated 10%. The risk of an incident during cement ablation is an estimated 18% to 28%. Advantages of the ultrasound technique include: shorter operative time, simple material, less danger for weak bone as noted in our patients, absence of the need for complementary fixation, shorter hospital stay, and lower cost. Histology studies have demonstrated the absence of deleterious effects of ultrasound ablation explaining the good quality of recementing (12 cases). Conclusion: Ultrasound ablation of femoral cement is effective for aseptic revision. In case of infection, the presence of persistent cement might be related to recurrent infection

BACKGROUND. During revision hip arthroplasty, removal of a well-fixed, ingrown metal acetabular component may not be possible. Therefore, a new polyethylene liner can be cemented into the existing shell via the cement locking mechanism. We report the indications, technique, and results of cementing an acetabular liner into a well-fixed cementless acetabular shell. PATIENTS AND METHODS. All patients were given informed consent to participate in this study, and the study was approved by our hospital institutional review board. Of 95 revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) between 2005 and 2014, five hips in 5 patients (4 female and a male) were operated by the cemented socket into metal shell technique. The mean age was 70.6 years (range, 59–84 years) (Table 1). Operative Technique. All operations were performed with the patient in the lateral decubitus position and using a posterolateral approach without osteotomy of the greater trochanter. After removal of broken polyethylene liner, an all-polyethylene socket (manufactured by Kyocera Corporation, Osaka, Japan) was cemented in the metal shell. In case of small metal shell, bone bed around the shell were augmented by the use of an impaction morselized allogeneic bone grafting, and the socket was cemented both in the metal shell and in the bone bed (Fig. 1). Postoperative Regimen. On the third postoperative day, the patients began a rehabilitation programmed by clinical path under the supervision of a physiotherapist. The use of crutches for ambulation was begun on the 10th to 14th postoperative day, with progressive weight-bearing as tolerated. Time to full weight-bearing was 3 to 4 weeks postoperatively. RESULTS. All of the cemented sockets functioned well and there were no failure cases during average follow-up period of 5 years (range, 0.7–9.5 years). DISCUSSION. Cementation of polyethylene liners into well-fixed metal shells has become a popular option during revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). Failure was always observed at the metal shell/cement interface whenever it did occur. The cement locking mechanism can be strengthened by roughening the backside of a smooth polyethylene liner to improve the cement-polyethylene interface, or by using an all-polyethylene acetabular component that is designed to be used with cement. Saw roughening of the polyethylene liner strengthens the poly-cement interface. We have used the all-polyethylene acetabular component with macrotexture anchoring form to cement fixation. To perform this procedure, an adequate shell diameter is necessary to accept an acetabular liner that will enable 2 mm of cement mantle around it. If an oversized polyethylene liner is cemented into a small acetabular metal shell, then there is the theoretical risk that the increased shear force will damage the cement locking mechanism, thus leading to failure of the construct. The case 1 in the current series, the hips had this situation, but no loosening occurred at final follow-up of 9.5 years postoperatively (Fig. 1). CONCLUSIONS. We reported good results with the use of a “cemented cup in cementless cup” technique in revision THAs, although follow-up periods were short-term to midterm. To view tables/figures, please contact authors directly

In this retrospective study, we investigated the results of revision total hip replacement (THR) using a cemented long-stemmed Exeter femoral component, with a minimum length of 205 mm in patients with extensive femoral bone defects. The study included 37 consecutive patients with a mean age of 76 years (39 to 93) and a mean follow-up of nine years (5 to 16). A total of 26 patients (70%) had a pre-operative Endo-Klinik score of 3 or 4. Impaction bone grafting was used in 24 patients (65%). At the time of evaluation, 22 patients (59%) were still alive and were evaluated clinically and radiologically. A total of 14 patients died during follow-up and their data were included until the time of their death. One reconstruction failed after five years and five months owing to recurrent dislocation: the hip was converted to an excision arthroplasty. Intra-operative fractures or fissures were encountered in nine patients (24%), but none occurred during impaction of the bone graft. Post-operative peri-prosthetic fractures occurred in two patients (5%); both were treated with plate fixation. At nine years, survival with the endpoint of all-cause re-revision was 96.3% (95% CI 76.4 to 99.5); including re-operations for any reason, it was 80.7% (95% CI 56.3 to 92.3%). There were no re-revisions for aseptic loosening. The survival of long stem cemented femoral components following revision THR is satisfactory in a fragile population with extensive femoral defects. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014; 96-B:1207–13

Contemporary acetabular reconstruction in major acetabular bone loss often involves the use of porous metal augments, a cup-cage construct or custom implant. The aims of this study were: To determine the reproducibility of a reconstruction algorithm in major acetabular bone loss. To determine the subsequent success of reconstruction performed in terms of re-operation, all-cause revision and Oxford Hip Score (OHS) and to further define the indications for custom implants in major acetabular bone loss.

Consecutive series of Paprosky Type III defects treated according to a reconstruction algorithm. IIIA defects were planned to use a superior augment and hemispherical cup.

IIIB defects were planned to receive either augment and cup, cup-cage or custom implant.

105 procedures in cohort 100 patients (5 bilateral) with mean age 73 years (42–94).

IIIA defects (50 cases) − 72.0% (95%CI 57.6–82.1) required a porous metal augment the remainder treated with a hemispherical cup alone. IIIB defects (55 cases) 71.7% (95%CI 57.6–82.1) required either augments or cup-cage. 20 patients required a hemispherical cup alone and 6 patients received a custom-made implant.

Mean follow up of 7.6 years. 6 re-revisions were required (4 PJI, 2 peri-prosthetic fractures & 1 recurrent instability) with overall survivorship of 94.3% (95% CI 97.4–88.1) for all cause revision. Single event dislocations occurred in 3 other patients so overall dislocation rate 3.8%. Mean pre-op OHS 13.8 and mean follow-up OHS 29.8.

Custom implants were used in: Mega-defects where AP diameter >80mm, complex discontinuity and massive bone loss in a small pelvis (i.e., unable to perform cup-cage)

A reconstruction algorithm can >70% successfully predict revision construct which thereafter is durable with a low risk of re-operation. Jumbo cup utilized <1/3 of cases when morphology allowed. The use of custom implants has been well defined in this series and accounts for <5% of cases.

Revision of fractured ceramic-on-ceramic total hip replacements with a cobalt-chromium (CoCr) alloy-on-polyethylene articulation can facilitate metallosis and require further expensive revision surgery [1–3]. In the present study, a fifty-two year old male patient suffered from fatal cardiomyopathy after undergoing revision total hip arthroplasty. The patient had received a polyethylene-ceramic acetabular liner and a ceramic femoral head as his primary total hip replacement. The polyethylene-ceramic sandwich acetabular liner fractured in vivo after 58 months and the patient underwent his first revision surgery where he received a Vitamin E stabilized acetabular Polyethylene (PE) liner and a CoCr alloy femoral head with documented synovectomy at that time. After 15 months, the patient was admitted to hospital in cardiogenic shock, with retrieval of the bearing components. Before the second revision surgery, peak serum cobalt levels measured 6,521 μg/L, 78-times greater than serum cobalt levels of 83μg/L associated with cobalt poisoning [4]. Serum titanium levels found in the patient measured 17.5 μg/L) normal, healthy range 0–1.4 μg/L). The retrieved CoCr alloy femoral head had lost a total of 28.3g (24% or an estimated amount of 102 × 10. −9. wear particles (∼2 μm diameter) [1]) within 16 months of in vivo service. Despite initiating a cobalt chelating therapy, the patients' cardiac left ventricular ejection fraction remained reduced at 6%. This was followed by multi-organ failure, and ultimately the patient passed away shortly after being taken off life support. Embedded ceramic particles were found on the backside and articular surfaces of the Vitamin E-stabilized PE acetabular liner. Evidence of fretting wear on the titanium (Ti) alloy acetabular shell was present, possibly explaining the increased serum Ti levels. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analyses confirmed Ti alloy transfer on the embedded ceramic particles on the backside PE liner surface and CoCr alloy transfer on the embedded ceramic particles on the articular PE liner surface. A fractured ceramic-on-ceramic total hip replacement should not be revised to a CoCr alloy-on-polyethylene articulation irrespective of concurrent synovectomy [5] as it can cause severe, third-body wear to the CoCr alloy femoral head that can lead to metallosis with fatal, systemic consequences

Revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a challenging scenario following complex primary THA for developmental dysplasia of hip (DDH). Our study envisages the long-term outcomes of revision DDH and the role of lateral structural support in socket fixation in these young patients who may require multiple revisions in their life-time. Hundred and eighteen consecutive cemented revision THAs with minimum follow up of 5 years following primary diagnosis of DDH operated between January 1974 and December 2012 were analysed for their clinical and radiological outcomes. The mean follow-up of 118 patients was 11.0 years (5.1–39.6 years). The Kaplan Mier survivorship at 11 years with end point as revision for any reason was 89.8% (CI 81.1–98.4). Of 118 revisions, 88 acetabular revisions were for aseptic loosening. Out of the acetabular revisions, 21 had pre-existing structural bone grafts from primary surgery, of which only 3 needed structural re-grafting during revision. Amongst the remaining 18 hips, the lateral support from the previous graft facilitated revision with no requirement of additional structural graft. Sixty-three hips did not have any form of grafting during primary operation. Amongst them, 35 had bone grafting in revision surgery (18 structural grafting). This study reports the largest number of revision THAs with primary diagnosis of DDH with the longest follow up. In our experience, the lateral support from the structural graft done in primary operation appears to have provided benefit in subsequent revision socket fixation

Isolated liner exchange in revision total hip arthroplasty for the treatment of polyethylene wear is an increasingly common surgical procedure. Twenty-four hips underwent this procedure via the direct lateral approach and were prospectively followed clinically and radiographically. Accessible osteolytic lesions were curetted and bone grafted. At a mean follow-up of forty months, a significant clinical improvement was observed. One cup collapsed into an osteolytic lesion postoperatively; all other lesions regressed. No dislocations have occurred. Isolated liner exchange via the direct lateral approach may reduce dislocation rates while avoiding the morbidity associated with the removal of well-fixed components. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic results of isolated liner exchange in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) for osteolysis and polyethylene wear via the direct lateral surgical approach. Retention of well-fixed implants avoids unnecessary bone loss at revision surgery. Previous studies report a significant dislocation rate with isolated liner exchange. Revision via the direct lateral surgical approach may reduce the dislocation rate in surgery for acetabular osteolysis. Twenty-four hips that underwent an isolated liner exchange revision procedure via the direct lateral approach were prospectively followed. Accessible osteolytic lesions were curetted and bone grafted. Harris Hip Score, WOMAC Index, and radiographic analysis were recorded. The area of osteolytic lesions was calculated using a computer imaging technique. At mean follow-up of forty months, all except one of the osteolytic lesions had regressed in size. Mean Harris Hip scores improved from sixty-nine to eighty-three and WOMAC indices improved from thirty-seven to twenty-four. No dislocations have occurred. One cup collapsed into an osteolytic lesion postoperatively, requiring an acetabular revision procedure. Isolated liner exchange is a promising technique that avoids the removal of well-fixed acetabular implants. The increased dislocation rate associated with revision THA may be reduced and osteolytic lesions may be debrided and bone grafted through the direct lateral approach. Isolated liner exchange via the direct lateral approach reduces the dislocation rate in THA. Retention of wellfixed implants and bone grafting is a procedure that preserves bone stock and addresses osteolytic lesions at revision surgery

Introduction. The goal of revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) for acetabular defects is to achieve the best stability and fixation with available host bone. Tritanium is a highly porous metal construct with a titanium matrix coating. We are reporting our experience of utilizing this material in patients with major acetabular defects. Methods. Between February 2007 and August 2010, 24 consecutive hips (23 patients) underwent acetabular reconstruction using the Tritanium cups. The acetabular defects were assessed using the Paprosky classification. Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were analyzed at follow-up based for the presence of radiolucent lines more than 2 mm in any of the 3 zones. Results. Mean follow-up was 3.6 ± 1.1 years (range 1.5–5 years). There were 12 males and 11 females. The acetabular defects were type 2a (2 hips), 2b (3 hips), 2c (5 hips), 3a (8 hips), and 3b (6 hips). Two patients had pelvic dissociation. Mean anteversion and abduction angles were 43 ± 4.6 and 19.5 ± 4.4 degrees respectively. All hips had radiographic evidence of osteointegration. Four hips had small demarcation at zones 1 and 3 (<1 mm), however, there were no hips with circumferential or more than 2 mm demarcation. There was no intra-operative fracture or post-operative dislocation, instability, or infection. Discussion and Conclusion. The short-term results of titanium cups in major acetabular defects are encouraging. Our results demonstrate excellent safety and efficacy of this material in revision THA

Purpose of the study: We have had a growing number of revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) which have required femorotomy, either planned preoperatively, or required because of difficult extraction of the cemented implant. Few results have been reported in the literature. The purpose of this work was to evaluate late healing of femoral bone and complications. Material and methods: For this retrospective analysis, we included 43 patients, mean age 66 years. These patients had a femorotomy during rTHA performed from 1997 to 2008. There were 37 revisions in an aseptic context for isolated femoral loosening (n=26), bipolar loosening (n=4), acetabular loosening (n=4), recurrent dislocation, fracture of the femoral stem, and periprosthetic fracture (n=1 each); there were six revisions in septic conditions. Techniques were: femorotomy (n=22), wide trochanterotomy measuring proximally to distally 12 cm, four cortical cuts and one oblique osteotomy to correct valgus. The reconstruction used locked femoral stems (n=17), cemented stems (n=17) and non-cemented stems (n=10). The osteotomies were closed with cerclage or steel wires. Results: Bone healing was assessed on the plain x-rays of the hip joint at three, six and twelve months. Among the 43 patients included in this analysis, complete data were available for 37. There were 36 cases of successful healing and one case of nonunion on a wide trochanterotomy. The function outcome was assessed a mean three years. Discussion: Femorotomy remains a difficult technique, sometimes facilitating stem extraction, but with a high risk of morbidity. The morbidity is difficult to evaluate initially, linked more with time to weight-bearing at two months on average. In this small series we nevertheless found few problems with bone healing, even in septic conditions. Conclusion: Femorotomy remains a valid option when required. It is a difficult technique but provides reliable results in terms of complete healing three months postoperatively

Aims. The purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of previously reported thresholds of proximal translation and sagittal rotation of cementless acetabular components used for revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) at various times during early follow-up. Patients and Methods. Migration of cementless acetabular components was measured retrospectively in 84 patients (94 components) using Ein-Bild-Rontgen-Analyse (EBRA-Cup) in two groups of patients. In Group A, components were recorded as not being loose intra-operatively at re-revision THA (52 components/48 patients) and Group B components were recorded to be loose at re-revision (42 components/36 patients). Results. The mean proximal translation and sagittal rotation were significantly higher in Group B than in Group A from three months onwards (p < 0.02). Proximal translation > 1.0 mm within 24 months had a positive predictive value (PPV) of 90% and a specificity of 94%, but a sensitivity of 64%. Proximal translation > 1.0 mm within the first 24 months correctly identified 76 of 94 (81%) of components to be either loose or not loose. However, ten components in Group B (24%) did not migrate proximally above 1.0 mm within the first 60 months. Conclusion. The high PPV of EBRA-Cup measurements of proximal translation (90%) shows that this can be used in early follow-up to identify patients at risk of aseptic loosening. The absence of proximal translation within the first 60 months indicates a component is not likely to be loose at re-revision THA although it does not exclude late aseptic loosening as a cause of failure. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:465–74

Background. Revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a challenging scenario following complex primary THA for developmental dysplasia of hip (DDH). This study envisages the long-term outcomes of revision DDH and the role of lateral structural support in socket fixation in these young patients who may require multiple revisions in their life-time. Materials and methods. Hundred and eighteen consecutive cemented revision THAs with minimum follow up of 5 years following primary diagnosis of DDH operated by a single unit between January 1974 and December 2012 were analysed for their clinical and radiological outcomes. Results. The mean follow-up of 118 patients was 11.0 years (5.1–39.6 years). At 11 years, the cumulative survivorship with revision as the endpoint was 89.8%. Amongst the 88 acetabular revisions for aseptic loosening, 21 had pre-existing autologous lateral structural bone graft from the primary THA (group A). Only 3 (14%) of them required lateral structural re-grafting using allograft at revision. With the remaining 18 hips, the lateral support from the previous graft facilitated revision with no requirement of additional structural graft. Sixty-seven hips did not have lateral structural autograft during primary operation (group B). Amongst them, 18 (27%) required lateral structural allograft in revision surgery. Discussion. There is paucity of evidence regarding long-term results following revision THAs in patients with DDH. Nearly double the number of patients with no previous acetabular structural bone graft needed structural allograft during revision in comparison to those patients with autologous structural bone grafting done at primary operation. The lateral structural autograft used at primary arthroplasty seems to provide invaluable bone stock for future revisions. Conclusion. This study reports the largest number of revision THAs with primary diagnosis of DDH with the longest follow up. In our experience, the lateral support from the structural graft done in primary operation appears to have provided benefit in subsequent revision socket fixation

Patients who had a revision total hip arthroplasty using the Bürch-Schneider anti-protrusio cage (APC) by a single surgeon have been reviewed after a minimum of five years. There were 63 operations in 58 patients with an average age of 63 years (41 to 83) at the time of revision. At an average follow-up of 8.5 years (5 to 18), 15 patients (25.9%) rated their results as excellent, 38 (65.5%) as good, and five (8.6%) as fair. Five further revisions of the acetabular prosthesis were required, three due to aseptic loosening, one for recurrent dislocation and one due to sepsis. Of the remainder, one was definitely loose, two probably loose, and 12 possibly so. Impressive augmentation of bone stock can be achieved with the anti-protrusio cage, while enabling the hip to be centred in its anatomical position

The technique of femoral cement-in-cement revision is well established, but there are no previous series reporting its use on the acetabular side at the time of revision total hip replacement. We describe the technique and report the outcome of 60 consecutive acetabular cement-in-cement revisions in 59 patients at a mean follow-up of 8.5 years (5 to 12). All had a radiologically and clinically well-fixed acetabular cement mantle at the time of revision. During the follow-up 29 patients died, but no hips were lost to follow-up. The two most common indications for acetabular revision were recurrent dislocation (46, 77%) and to complement femoral revision (12, 20%). . Of the 60 hips, there were two cases of aseptic loosening of the acetabular component (3.3%) requiring re-revision. No other hip was clinically or radiologically loose (96.7%) at the latest follow-up. One hip was re-revised for infection, four for recurrent dislocation and one for disarticulation of a constrained component. At five years the Kaplan-Meier survival rate was 100% for aseptic loosening and 92.2% (95% CI 84.8 to 99.6), with revision for any cause as the endpoint. These results support the use of cement-in-cement revision on the acetabular side in appropriate cases. Theoretical advantages include preservation of bone stock, reduced operating time, reduced risk of complications and durable fixation

Aims. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the minimum five-year outcome of revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) using the Kerboull acetabular reinforcement device (KARD) in patients with Paprosky type III acetabular defects and destruction of the inferior margin of the acetabulum. Patients and Methods. We identified 36 patients (37 hips) who underwent revision THA under these circumstances using the KARD, fresh frozen allograft femoral heads, and reconstruction of the inferior margin of the acetabulum. The Merle d’Aubigné system was used for clinical assessment. Serial anteroposterior pelvic radiographs were used to assess migration of the acetabular component. Results. At a mean follow-up of 8.2 years (5 to 19.3), the mean Merle d’Aubigné score increased from 12.5 (5 to 18) preoperatively to 16.5 (10 to 18) (p < 0.0001). The survival rate at ten years was 95.3% (. sd. 4.5; 95% confidence interval (CI) 86.4 to 100) and 76.5% (. sd. 9.9, 95% CI 57.0 to 95.9) using aseptic loosening and radiological loosening as the endpoints, respectively. Conclusion. These results show that the use of the KARD with reconstruction of the inferior margin of the acetabulum in revision THA is associated with acceptable clinical results and survival at mid-term follow-up with, however, a high rate of migration of the acetabular component of 21.6%. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:725–32

Repeat revision hip replacements can lead to severe bone loss necessitating salvage procedures such as proximal or total femoral replacement. We present medium term outcomes from our experience of the Limb Preservation System (LPS) in patients with failed revision hip arthroplasties. All patients undergoing proximal femoral or total femoral replacement from 2003–2007 at our unit were reviewed. Data was collected preoperatively and at annual assessment post procedure for a minimum of 5 years. This included clinical review, functional outcome scores (WOMAC, Oxford Hip Score, Harris Hip Score) and radiographic evaluation. A total of 17 patients underwent femoral replacement (13 proximal, 4 total) using the LPS during the study period. Within this cohort there were 13 males and 4 females with a mean age of 64 years (range 47–86). Median follow up was 7 years (range 5–9 years). Primary diagnoses were DDH (7), Primary OA (5), RA (2), proximal femoral fracture (2) and phocomelia (1). Five patients (29%) required further revision surgery for infection (2 patients) or recurrent dislocations (3 patients). No stems required revision due to aseptic loosening or stem failure at 5–9 years. Compared to preoperative assessment, there was significant improvement in median outcome scores at 5 years (WOMAC increased by 33 points, Oxford hip score by16 points and Harris hip score by 43 points). 82% of patients maintained functional independence at latest review. The Limb Preservation System offers a salvage procedure for failed revision total hip arthroplasty with significant symptom and functional improvement in most patients at medium term follow up

We performed 83 consecutive cemented revision total hip arthroplasties in 77 patients between 1977 and 1983 using improved cementing techniques. One patient (two hips) was lost to follow-up. The remaining 76 patients (81 hips) had an average age at revision of 63.7 years (23 to 89). At the final follow-up 18 hips (22%) had had a reoperation, two (2.5%) for sepsis, three (4%) for dislocation and 13 (16%) for aseptic loosening. The incidence of rerevision for aseptic femoral loosening was 5.4% and for aseptic acetabular loosening 16%. These results confirm that cemented femoral revision is a durable option in revision hip surgery when improved cementing techniques are used, but that cemented acetabular revision is unsatisfactory

Introduction. Previous studies of ceramic-on-polyethylene (C-PE) and ceramic-on-ceramic (COC) hip bearings have focused on outcomes following primary surgery. Less is known about the utilization or outcomes of ceramic bearings in revision total hip arthroplasty (R-THA) for the Medicare population in the US. We asked (1) what is the utilization of ceramic bearings for R-THA in the Medicare population and how has it evolved over time; (2) does the use of C-PE bearings influence outcomes following R-THA as compared with metal-on-polyethylene (M-PE); and (3) does the use of COC bearings influence outcomes following R-THA as compared with M-PE?. Methods. A total of 31,809 Medicare patients (aged > 65y) who underwent R-THA between 2005 and 2013 with known bearing types were identified from the Medicare 100% inpatient sample administrative database. Outcomes of interest included relative risk of readmission (90 days) or infection, dislocation, rerevision, or mortality at any time point after revision. Propensity scores were developed to adjust for selection bias in the choice of bearing type at revision surgery. Cox regression incorporating propensity score stratification (10 levels) was then used to evaluate the impact of bearing surface selection on outcomes, after adjusting for patient-, hospital-, and surgeon-related factors. Results. The utilization of C-PE and COC bearings in RHA increased from 5.3% to 26.6% and from 1.8% to 2.5% between 2005 and 2013, respectively. For R-THA patients treated with C-PE bearings, there was reduced risk of 90-day readmission (Hazard Ratio, HR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.84–0.96, p=0.007). We also observed a trend for reduced risk of infection with C-PE (HR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.74–1.04) that did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.14). For R-THA patients treated with COC, there was reduced risk of dislocation (Hazard Ratio, HR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.58–0.99, p=0.04). There was no significant difference in risk of rerevision or mortality for either the C-PE or COC bearing cohorts when compared with M-PE. Discussion. The results indicate that, after adjusting for selection bias and various confounding patient-, surgeon-, and hospital-related factors, Medicare patients treated in a revision scenario with ceramic bearings exhibit similar risk of rerevision, infection, or mortality as those treated with M-PE bearings. Conversely, we found an association between the use of specific ceramic bearings in R-THA and reduced risk of readmission (C-PE) and dislocation (COC). The findings of this study support further research into the association between ceramic bearings in R-THA and lower risk of hospital readmission, dislocation, and, potentially, infection

The purpose of this study was to determine long-term survival free from all-cause revision and stem-related failure, as well as radiographic and functional outcomes of the ZMR stem in revision THA.

We retrospectively identified all patients in our institutional database who underwent revision THA using the ZMR Revision Hip system from the year 2000 to 2007 (minimum two-year follow-up). Of the 112 ZMR hips (110 patients) identified, a total of 106 hips (104 patients) met inclusion criteria. The mean study follow-up 13.9 years (range 2–22). Indications for index ZMR revision included aseptic loosening (72.1%), periprosthetic joint infection (17.3%), periprosthetic fracture (9.6%), and stem fracture (1.0%). Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to determine the all-cause and stem-related failure revision-free survival. Validated patient reported outcomes were collected and available radiographs were reviewed to determine implant stability.

A total of 17 hips (16.0%) underwent a re-revision of any component. The indications for re-revision were stem failure (35.3%), infection (29.4%), instability (29.4%), and aseptic loosening of the acetabular component (5.9%). The five- and 15-year all-cause survivorship was 89.5% (95% CI 86.5–92.5) and 83.0% (95% CI 79.2–86.8), respectively. There were six re-revisions for stem failure (5.7%); five for stem fracture and one for aseptic loosening. The average time to stem failure was 4.6 years (range 1.3–8.2). The five- and 15-year survivorship free from stem-related failure was 97.2% (95% CI 95.6–98.8) and 93.9% (95% CI 91.5–96.3), respectively. At final follow-up the mean Oxford hip score was 36.9 and all surviving ZMR stems were well fixed on radiographs.

Femoral revision with the ZMR stem offers satisfactory long-term survivorship and promising clinical outcomes. Although uncommon, stem fracture was the most common reason for stem-related failure.

Background: With the foreseeable increase in demand for revision hip surgery, it is likely that orthopaedic surgeons working in district general orthopaedic units will undertake an increasing number of secondary procedures. This article set out to determine whether a single orthopaedic surgeon, working in a district general hospital, could achieve results comparable to those obtained by surgeons working in specialised tertiary referral centres. Patients and methods: Complete records and serial radiographs of 72 patients (76 hips) having revision total hip arthroplasty by a single surgeon and follow-up of at least 1 year, were reviewed by an independent observer. Results: The mean follow-up period was 4 years. Indications for revision were aseptic loosening (N=51), sepsis (N=16), fracture (N=3), dislocation (N=2), and other (N=4). Complete cement removal was achieved in 97% of acetabular components revised and 88% of femoral components revised. There were no documented complications in 68% of revised hip prostheses. The complications of the remaining cases comprised trochanteric bursitis (9%), dislocation (10%), thromboembolism (5%), periprosthetic fracture (1%) and infection of the revised prosthesis (1%). None of the cases studied died as a direct result of surgery. All radiographic parameters measured were improved by revision of the prostheses. Conclusions: Orthopaedic surgeons working in district general hospitals performing 5 to 10 revision hip arthroplasties per year can achieve results comparable to those of surgeons working in specialised units

We used a trochanteric slide osteotomy (TSO) in 94 consecutive revision total hip arthroplasties (90 with replacement of both the cup and stem). This technique proved to be adequate for removing the components, with few complications (two minor fractures), and for implanting acetabular allografts (18%) and reinforcement devices (23%). Trochanteric union was obtained in most patients (96%), even in those with septic loosening (18/19), major femoral osteolysis (32/32), or previous trochanteric osteotomy (17/18). TSO is versatile, since it can be extended by a femoral flap (four cases) or a distal femoral window (eight cases). Despite significant bone loss, in 24% of the femora and 57% of the acetabula, favourable midterm results were achieved and only six reoperations were required, including two for trochanteric nonunion and two for loosening. It leaves the lateral femoral cortex intact so that a stem longer than 200 mm was needed in only 25% of patients. This is a considerable advantage compared with the extended trochanteric osteotomy in which the long lateral flap (12 to 14 cm) requires an average length of stem of 220 mm beyond the calcar. TSO provides an approach similar in size to the standard trochanteric osteotomy but with a rate of nonunion of 4% versus 15%. It reduces the risk of difficulties with removal of the stem, and removes the need for routine distal anchoring of long revision stems. The limited distal femoral compromise is very important in patients with a long life expectancy

The long-term results of grafting with hydroxyapatite granules for acetabular deficiency in revision total hip replacement are not well known. We have evaluated the results of revision using a modular cup with hydroxyapatite grafting for Paprosky type 2 and 3 acetabular defects at a minimum of ten years’ follow-up. We retrospectively reviewed 49 acetabular revisions at a mean of 135 months (120 to 178). There was one type 2B, ten 2C, 28 3A and ten 3B hips. With loosening as the endpoint, the survival rate was 74.2% (95% confidence interval 58.3 to 90.1). Radiologically, four of the type 3A hips (14%) and six of the type 3B hips (60%) showed aseptic loosening with collapse of the hydroxyapatite layer, whereas no loosening occurred in type 2 hips. There was consolidation of the hydroxyapatite layer in 33 hips (66%). Loosening was detected in nine of 29 hips (31%) without cement and in one of 20 hips (5%) with cement (p = 0.03, Fisher’s exact probability test). The linear wear and annual wear rate did not correlate with loosening. These results suggest that the long-term results of hydroxyapatite grafting with cement for type 2 and 3A hips are encouraging

Introduction. Orthopaedic surgeons are frequently asked to perform a revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients over 80 years of age. Our objective was to evaluate the outcomes after revision THA in patients 80 years or older and compare them to a cohort of patients less than 80 years of age. Methods. We reviewed all revision THAs performed in our institution from 3/1996 to 12/2008. We compared intra- and post-operative complications (medical and orthopaedic), mortality, clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction between the two age groups. Peri-operative information and complications were collected prospectively, and clinical outcome data were obtained both pro- and retrospectively. The Merle d'Aubigné score, Harris Hip score, general health (SF-12) and patient satisfaction (visual analog scale) were assessed. Results. Overall, 325 revision THAs were included, 84 (25.8%) in patients 80 years and 241 in patients <80 years. In both groups the reason for revision was aseptic loosening in 62% of the patients (mean interval primary THA - revision 142 vs. 97 months). The older group was more often revised for periprosthetic fractures and recurrent dislocation. Mean follow-up time was 4.3 years. Mortality (80 vs. <80 years) was 6% vs. 0% 3 months postoperative, 9.5% vs. 1.2% 1 year postoperative, and 31% vs. 8.3% 5 years postoperative. 3 (3.6%) re-revisions were performed in patients 80 years compared to 24 (10%) in the younger group. Postoperative medical complications developed in 22.6% compared to 6.6% in the younger group. There were one infection and 13 dislocations in patients 80 years vs. 12 infections and 22 dislocations in the other group. The Merle d'Aubigné score improved from 9.6 to 13.7 (p=0.001) in patients 80 years or older vs. 10.3 to 14.3 (p<0.001), and the Harris Hip score at last follow-up was 74.2 vs. 78.5. Patient satisfaction was significantly higher in the older group (8.4 vs. 7.5, mean difference 0.9, 95% CI 0.2;1.8). Conclusion. Revision THA in patients over 80 years was associated with substantial clinical improvement, and patient satisfaction was greater than among the younger group. However, the medical complication rate and the 3-months-mortality were substantially higher

The results of 276 cemented revision total hip arthroplasties performed for aseptic failure between 1977 and 1986 have been reviewed. The mean time between revision and review was 75 months (range 30 to 144). Of 220 cases available for review, 159 were assessed clinically and radiographically, and 32 by postal questionnaire. Eighteen hips required further revision, 12 for loosening, two for sepsis, two for persistent pain, and one each for fracture and recurrent dislocation. A further six hips were radiologically and symptomatically loose. Pain was mild or absent in 83%. Over half were able to walk a mile or more; 70% flexed more than 70 degrees; 15% had a flexion deformity, but in only 7% was this more than 10 degrees. The mean Harris hip score was 74. Survival at five years was 95% and at 10 years, 77%

Revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) may be indicated for reasons other than femoral loosening. From 1991 to 1999, 190 revision THA procedures were performed. These included 39 cement-on-cement (20.5%), 68 bone impaction (35.8%), 31 long stem cemented (16.3%), 16 acetabulum only (8.4%), six by-pass prosthesis (3.2%), 20 short stem cemented (10.5%) and 10 miscellaneous revisions (5.3%). The mean time from previous THA was 6.6 years (1 to 23). Of the cement-on-cement revisions 18 (46%) were done for acetabular loosening, 13 (33.5%) for chronic dislocation, seven (18%) for fracture of the femoral prosthesis and one (2.5%) for chondrolysis of the hemiprosthesis. At a mean short follow-up of three years (1 to 7), we have seen no loosening of the femoral prosthesis. The absolute indication for this procedure is a Type-A cement mantle in Gruen zones 2 to 6. Cement-on-cement revision can be done only in selected cases, but when possible this technique saves time and money and reduces the perioperative risk

Purpose of the study: We report the clinical and radiographic results of a series of revision total hip arthroplasties performed for aseptic loosening using a non-demented modular femoral implant (PP). Material and methods: From 1991 to 2003, 146 revisions of total hip arthroplasty were performed using the same non-cemented modular femoral implant (PP). At mean nine years follow-up (3.5–17 years), 24 patients had died, 26 had insufficient data for review and 39 were lost to follow-up. The analysis thus included 54 cases. All revisions were performed for aseptic loosening. Mean age at surgery was 60 years. Preoperative bone damage, according to the Sofcot classification, was grade I and II (69%), grade III (26%), grade IV (5.5%). Clinical outcome was assessed with the Harris and Postel-Merle-d’Aubigné scores. The radiological review analysed stem anchoring, lucency and periprosthetic reconstruction. Results: At mean nine years follow-up, the mean Harris score was 71 points, the mean PMA score 12.8 points. Patient satisfaction was 70%. There were five cases with deep infection (9%), five with dislocation and six intra-operative periprosthetic fractures. Trochanterotomy non-union was noted in 26% of patients. Mean impaction of the femoral stem was 5 mm (range 0–16 mm). There was a statistically significant association between the degree of bone damage and the quality of the bone reconstruction (p=0.012). Mean increase in cortical thickness in zones 1 and 2 (Gruen) was 1.1 mm and 1.6 mm respectively. In Gruen zones 2 and 6, the gain was 6 and 10 mm respectively. There were nine surgical revisions (17%) for deep infection (n=4), recurrent aseptic loosening and fracture of the femoral implant (n=1). The ten-year survival taking aseptic loosening as the endpoint was 90%.0. Discussion and Conclusion: Our work showed the good long-term results obtained with this implant for revision total hip arthroplasty. It allows clinical improvement, periprosthetic bone reconstruction and a low rate of surgical revision

Introduction. The mid- or long-term results of acetabular revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) in Korea are rare. The purpose of this study is to report the mid-term radiographic results (> 5 years) of acetabular revision THA with porous-coated cementless Trilogy. ®. cup (Zimmer, Warsaw, IN, USA). Materials and Methods. Between 1999 and 2010, 77 patients (79 hips) had underwent acetabular revision THA with Trilogy. ®. cup. Eight patients (8 hips) were excluded due to death before 5-year follow-up, and 22 patients (23 hips) were excluded due to less than 5-year follow-up or follow-up loss. Forty-seven patients (48 hips) were included in our study. The mean age was 57.9 years (range, 36 to 76 years) and the mean follow-up was 9.8 years (range 5.0 to 16.2 years). The causes of revision were aseptic loosening in 40 hips, and septic loosening in 8 hips, respectively. Both acetabular and femoral revisions were performed in 14 hips and isolated acetabular revision was done in 34 hips. Preoperetive acetabular bone defect according to Paprosky classification was; 1 in type I, 6 in IIA, 11 in IIB, 9 in IIC, 15 in IIIA, and 6 in IIIB. Results. Radiolucent lines less than 2mm were found in 2 hips; one in zone I, another in zone I, II, III. Four hips (1 in type IIC, 1 in IIIA and 2 in IIIB) showed cup migration greater than 5 mm accompanying change of position greater than 5 degrees. However, these patients did not complain pain and showed fixation by secondary stabilization. The Kaplan-Meier survivorship with aseptic loosening as the end point at 10 years was 92.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 82.6 – 100) and at 15 years was 83.8 % (95% CI, 69.1 – 98.6), respectively. Non-recurrent dislocations occurred in 4 hips. There were no other complication such as sciatic nerve palsy, infection and deep vein thrombosis. Conclusion. Mid-term radiographic results (>5 years) of acetabular revision THA with porous-coated cementless Trilogy. ®. cup showed durable longevity. However, other options such as anti-protrusio cage or cup-cage construct should be considered in severe acetabular bone defect

Aim: To investigate the outcome following revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) using 36 mm and 40 mm modular femoral heads. Methods: Details were retrieved from our arthroplasty database regarding all revision THAs done in our unit using 36 mm and 40 mm femoral heads. Follow-up information was obtained from patient records and telephone conversation. Results: The cohort considered totalled 107 revision THAs, 93 using a 36 mm head and 14 using a 40 mm head. All received either highly cross-linked UHMWPE liners or metal on metal liners. The indications for revisions were recurrent instability in eight, periprosthetic fracture in 11, second stage revision in 24, fracture of the femoral stem in one and aseptic loosening in the remaining 63. At a minimum follow up of one year, information was not available for five but they did not have any record of dislocation. Out of the remaining 102 patients, dislocation occurred in 4 hips (3.9%). None of the revisions done with 40 mm head dislocated. In two of the dislocations, the initial indication for revision THA was recurrent instability and if they are excluded, the dislocation rate was 1.96%. Discussion: Dislocation and the sequalae of recurrent instability remains a significant problem following revision THA and the existing literature varies greatly in the quoted dislocation rates. We believe that the use of 36 mm and 40 mm femoral heads in our unit has been a major factor in low (3.6%) dislocation rate following revision THA. To date there have been no problems encountered resulting from the use of highly cross-linked UHMWPE

Introduction. Failure of acetabular components has been reported to lead to large bone defects, which determine outcome and management after revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). Although Kerboull-type (KT) plate (KYOCERA Medical Corporation, Kyoto, Japan) has been used for compensating large bone loss, few studies have identified the critical risk factors for failure of revision THA using a KT plate. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between survival rates for radiological loosening and the results according to bone defect or type of graft. Patients and methods. This study included patients underwent revision THA for aseptic loosening using cemented acetabular components with a KT plate between 2000 and 2012. Bone defects were filled with beta Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) granules between 2000 and 2003 and with Hydroxyapatite (HA) block between 2003 and 2009. Since 2009, we have used femoral head balk allografts. Hip function was evaluated by using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score and University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) activity. Acetabular defects were classified according to the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) classification. The postoperative and final follow-up radiographs were compared to assess migration of the implant. Kaplan–Meier method for cumulative probabilities of radiographic failure rate, and the comparison of survivorship curves for various subgroups using the log-rank test were also evaluated. Logistic regression was performed to examine the association of such clinical factors as the age at the time of operation, body mass index, JOA score, UCLA activity score, and AAOS classification with radiographic failure. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were calculated. Multivariate analysis was performed to adjust for potential confounders by clinical factors. Values of p < 0.05 were considered significant. Results. The patient background is shown in Table 1. The JOA score at the final follow-up increased significantly (p < 0.001). Radiographic failure was evaluated for revision THA with beta-TCP, HA, and bulk allografts. These survival rates are shown in Table 2 and the rate in the AAOS type IV group was significantly lower than that in the type III group (p = 0.033). The survival curves were significantly different between beta -TCP group and bulk allograft group (p = 0.036) (Table 3). Multivariate analysis showed that AAOS type IV defect was found to be a risk factor for radiographic failure (radiographic failure: OR: 15.5, 95% CI: 1.4–175.4, p = 0.032). Discussion. Our results of survival rate are similar to those reported by previous studies. However, by comparing the survival rates between beta-TCP group and bulk allograft group, beta-TCP is not suitable for bone graft reconstruction of acetabular bone defects with a KT plate. We also found that AAOS type IV to be a risk factor for failure of revision THA. Therefore, bone defect size is the critical risk factor for failure of revision THA using a KT plate. New devices and techniques for KT plates are needed to improve the treatment of pelvic discontinuity

Background. Total joint replacement surgery is associated with large amounts of blood loss and significant rates of transfusions. Postoperative bleeding is one of the most important problems after major orthopedic surgeries including revision Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA). It has been demonstrate that Tranexamic acid is a useful agent to control the volume of blood loss. However, the more effective route of TXA administration remained controversial. Methods. In current study, we compared the effects of local and intravenous(IV) administration of TXA on need to blood transfusion and hemoglobin drop. We randomized 80 patients undergoing revision THA into two groups: local group and IV group. In group IV 40 patients was administrated TXA 4 g alone systemically and in local group 40 patients the joint was irrigated with 4 g of TXA plus 0.33mg DEP (1:200,000). Results. The level of Hb was measured before and after operation and the rate of Hb drop was compared. Also, the blood transfused were compared in two group. Results showed topical TXA plus DEP substantially reduced total blood loss, hidden blood loss and transfusion rate compared with TXA alone, without increasing the risks of hemodynamic complexity. Conclusion. We conclude that local use of TXA plus DEP was crucially effective and safe option compared with intravenous TXA alone in reducing total and hidden blood loss and transfusion rate following revision THA without considerable complications