The FitBone lengthening nail (Orthofix UK) is an intramedullary device licensed for the lengthening of long bones in adults in the UK. It contains a motor powered by electricity transmitted via an induction coil placed underneath the skin. It was developed in Germany two decades ago but uptake in the UK has only started more recently. The aim of this study was to review the first cohort of FitBone lengthening nails in a unit with significant experience of other lengthening nails (including PRECICE and Stryde). Demographic, clinical and radiological data was prospectively collected on all FitBone cases starting in February 2022. Accuracy of lengthening rate, patient satisfaction and implant issues were all considered. Complications and learning points were recorded and discussed by the multidisciplinary team involved in the patients care.Introduction
Materials & Methods
Adjusting an external fixator can be a daunting process for patients. Despite comprehensive training, patients often request supervision for the initial adjustments which may result in a prolonged hospital stay. Following the introduction of telemedicine during the pandemic we believed that this could be utilised to support patients with their fixator adjustments. A quality improvement project was implemented to assess and evaluate a change in practice from existing Face to Face support to a telemedicine format. The aim of the project was to reduce median length of stay (LOS). The telemedicine platform was introduced in our unit from April 2021 with the change in practice. Using the life QI platform, run charts were used to record the numbers of patients whose LOS was 4 days or less. Median LOS was assessed prior to and following introduction of the telemedicine platform. Service user experience with telemedicine as well as overall training and education by the CNS team was sought through on-line questionnaires.Introduction
Materials & Methods
A greater emphasis has been placed on fracture related infection (FRI) orthopaedic practice as a separate entity in recent years. Since the publication of the FRI consensus definition and guidelines, there has been an increase in the published literature on the topic and a move towards considering FRI as separate from general orthopaedic practice and as work that requires a more specialist approach. The aim of this study was to audit current FRI practice in the UK. Orthopaedic practice related to FRI in the UK was audited using a semi-structured questionnaire. Respondents were from a range of institutions, specialties and clinical roles to reflect the multi-disciplinary nature of treating FRI. The online tool SurveyMonkey was used to share the survey at the 2022 annual meeting of the British Limb Reconstruction Society. Twenty-one questions were asked in the following domains: scope of practice, theatre and clinic capacity, availability of the multidisciplinary team, renumeration for work and scope of FRI networks.Introduction
Materials & Methods
Patients undergoing limb reconstruction surgery often face a challenging and lengthy process to complete their treatment journey. The majority of existing outcome measures do not adequately capture the patient-reported outcomes relevant to this patient group in a single measure. Following a previous systematic review, the Stanmore Limb Reconstruction Score (SLRS) was designed with the intent to address this need for an effective instrument to measure patient-reported outcomes in limb reconstruction patients. We aim to assess the face validity of this score in a pilot study. The SLRS was designed following structured interviews with several groups including patients who have undergone limb reconstruction surgery, limb reconstruction surgeons, specialist nurses, and physiotherapists. This has subsequently undergone further adjustment for language and clarity. The score was then trialled on ten patients who had undergone limb reconstruction surgery, with subsequent structured questioning to understand the perceived suitability of the score.Aims
Methods
The aim of this study was to present the first retrieval analysis findings of PRECICE STRYDE intermedullary nails removed from patients, providing useful information in the post-market surveillance of these recently introduced devices. We collected ten nails removed from six patients, together with patient clinical data and plain radiograph imaging. We performed macro- and microscopic analysis of all surfaces and graded the presence of corrosion using validated semiquantitative scoring methods. We determined the elemental composition of surface debris using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and used metrology analysis to characterize the surface adjacent to the extendable junctions.Aims
Methods
The use of intramedullary lengthening devices is becoming increasingly popular. There are no published data regarding the incidence of venous thromboembolism following intramedullary lengthening and no reports or guidance for current practices on use of thromboprophylaxis. Following a case of post-operative deep vein thrombosis in our institution, we felt that it is important to assess best practice. We conducted this survey to collect data that would describe current practice and help guide consensus for treatment. We have identified surgeons across the UK that perform intramedullary lengthening through the British Limb Reconstruction Society membership and a Precise Users database. Surgeons were contacted and asked to respond to an online survey (SurveyMonkey - SVMK Inc.). Responses to thromboprophylaxis regimes employed in their practice and cases of venous thromboembolism were collated.Introduction
Materials and Methods
The STRYDE nail is an evolution of the PRECICE Intramedullary Limb Lengthening System, with unique features regarding its composition. It is designed for load bearing throughout treatment in order to improve patient experience and outcomes and allow for simultaneous bilateral lower limb lengthening. The literature published to date is limited with regards to both outcomes and potential issues. In this paper we report on our early experience and raise awareness for the potential of adverse effects from this device. This is a review of all patients treated in our institution using this implant. Data were prospectively recorded. We report on demographics, nail accuracy, reliability, consolidation index and cases where concerning clinical and radiological findings were encountered.Introduction
Materials and Methods
Patients undergoing limb reconstruction surgery often face a challenging and often lengthy process to complete their treatment journey. The majority of existing outcome measures do not adequately capture the patient reported outcomes relevant to this patient group in a single measure. Following a previous systematic review, the Stanmore Limb Reconstruction Score (SLRS) was designed with the intent to address this need for an effective instrument to measure patient reported outcomes in limb reconstruction patients. The SLRS was designed following the use of structured interviews with a group of patients who have undergone limb reconstruction surgery, limb reconstruction surgeons, specialist nurses and physiotherapists. This has undergone further adjustment for language and clarity. The score was then trialled on 10 patients who have been through the process of limb reconstruction surgery, with subsequent structured questioning to understand the perceived suitability.Introduction
Materials and Methods
Pixel Value Ratio (PVR) is a radiographic measure of the relative density of the regenerate to the adjacent bone. This has been reported as an objective criterion for regenerate healing and a guide for when to allow full weight bearing (FWB) in lengthening with intramedullary telescopic nails. The threshold for which magnitude of PVR is adequate to allow bearing full weight is not yet agreed. The aim of this study was to identify from our cohort of adult limb lengthening patients the time to FWB following lengthening, the PVR at this point, and how this compared with the recommended values in the literature. A retrospective database review identified 30 adult patients treated with the PRECICE femoral nail by two senior authors. Time from completion of lengthening to instruction to fully weight bear was noted. The PVR was calculated for each cortex on plain radiographs taken at each postoperative visit following completion of lengthening. Significance was set at Introduction
Materials and Methods
Leg length discrepancy (LLD) in patients with unilateral developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) can be problematic for both patients and surgeons. Patients can acquire gait asymmetry, back pain, and arthritis. Surgical considerations include timing of correction and arthroplasty planning. This study audits standing long leg films performed at skeletal maturity in our patients. The aim of this study is to identify if surgical procedure or AVN type could predict the odds of needing an LLD Intervention (LLDI) and influence our surveillance. Hospital database was searched for all patients diagnosed with DDH. Inclusion criteria were patients with appropriately performed long leg films at skeletal maturity. Exclusion criteria were patients with non DDH pathology, skeletally immature and inadequate radiographs. All data was tabulated in excel and SPSS was used for analysis. Traumacad was used for measurements and AVN and radiologic outcome grades were independently classified in duplicate.Introduction
Materials and Methods
Ring breakage is a rare but significant complication requiring revision surgery and prolonging the course of treatment. We have encountered three cases with Taylor Spatial Frames (TSF) with breakage at the half ring junction of the distal ring. This experimental study examines the strains produced at different locations on the distal ring during loading and the effects of altering the construct in order to develop techniques to minimise the risk of breakage. We mounted different TSF constructs on tibia sawbone models. Construct 1 reproducing the configuration of cases where failure was seen, Construct 2 with different wire and half pin configuration and construct 3 with the distal ring rotated 60 degrees. Strain Gauges were attached to different locations and measurements were collected during loading. Statistical analysis was subsequently performed.Introduction
Materials and Methods
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a rapidly implemented restructuring of UK healthcare services. The The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, became a central hub for the provision of trauma services for North Central/East London (NCEL) while providing a musculoskeletal tumour service for the south of England, the Midlands, and Wales and an urgent spinal service for London. This study reviews our paediatric practice over this period in order to share our experience and lessons learned. Our hospital admission pathways are described and the safety of surgical and interventional radiological procedures performed under general anaesthesia (GA) with regards to COVID-19 in a paediatric population are evaluated. All paediatric patients (≤ 16 years) treated in our institution during the six-week peak period of the pandemic were included. Prospective data for all paediatric trauma and urgent elective admissions and retrospective data for all sarcoma admissions were collected. Telephone interviews were conducted with all patients and families to assess COVID-19 related morbidity at 14 days post-discharge.Introduction
Methods
Pin site care in external fixation remains a major challenge. The ideal dressing regime still remains controversial as does the type of dressing. We present an audit following the use of a sponge compression dressing in comparison to previously used sterile gauze. All pins and wires were inserted using a standardised technique. Dressings were applied during surgery to prevent haematoma formation. The new sponge dressing was applied to the wire or half-pin sites and compressed to the skin by either pierced tubing over the wire or clips at the end of the procedure. Dressings were changed weekly unless the pin sites were discharging serous fluid or frankly infected, when they were changed as required. The pin sites were evaluated for evidence of infection or irritation using the good, bad or ugly grading system. Each evaluation was performed by two of the authors on two separate occasions to assess the inter- and intra-observer error. The results were compared to those previously reported using sterile gauze as the pin site dressing. 1035 pin sites were assessed. 985 pin sites were graded as “good” (95.2%), 49 “bad” (4.7%) and 1 “ugly”. The kappa values demonstrated excellent inter- and intra-observer correlation, 0.892 and 0.905 respectively. The previous study using gauze reported 600 pin sites with 514 graded “good” (85.7%), 80 “bad” (13.3%) and 6 “ugly” (1%). The use of compression sponge dressing appears to reduce the rate of pin site irritation and infection. Further anecdotal evidence by patients who have undergone surgical treatment using both techniques demonstrated a preference for the sponge dressings due to ease of dressing change and general comfort once applied. We therefore would recommend this type of dressing in the use of external fixation.
This study examined the stability of two different hexapod frames at increasing strut angles and the possible use of an additional strut to aid stability. Hexapod frames have certain advantages over standard circular frames, however disadvantages include a rattle and instability at some strut angles. This could be particularly important when larger diameter rings are used over a shorter distance resulting in lower ring strut angles such as in the femur.A statement of the purposes of the study
Introduction
We present the results of a new non-invasive lengthening nail enabling accurate control of the lengthening process and joint rehabilitation. The use of intramedullary lengthening nails have gained popularity as they reduce common complications associated with external fixators, including infection, joint stiffness, bone regenerate deformity, late fracture and patient implant acceptance. Current nails however are associated with complications including implant breakage, mechanical failure, runaway nail and requiring MUA to restart or obtain segment lengthening. The Precice nail incorporates magnet technology with a hand held device allowing non-invasive lengthening. The nail is also reversible allowing shortening if required. Physiotherapy can continue throughout treatment to maintain joint range of motion without concern of uncontrolled nail runaway. The lengthening is axial reducing shear/torsional forces on the regenerate. The lengthening of 4 femora was undertaken in 3 patients, mean age 34 yrs for post-traumatic shortening and short stature. A standard technique included an Ilizarov corticotomy followed by a 6 day latent period. Patients were mobilised partial weight bearing and knee range of motion maintained. The femora were lengthened one third of a millimetre three times per day. Radiographic and clinical review was performed every 2 weeks.Introduction
Method
To see if the addition of a locking plate to FD rod fixation of osteogenesis imperfecta confers extra strength and allows earlier mobilisation. Osteogenesis imperfecta is a heterogeneous group of disorders with congenital osseous fragility. The goal of surgery is to minimise the incidence of fracture and correct deformity. The concept of multilevel osteotomies and intramedullary fixation with a non-extendable nail was popularised by Sofield and Millar in 1959. The Bailey Dubow telescoping nail was introduced in 1963. The Fassier-Duval (FD) telescoping nail is a more recent design inserted via smaller incisions, in conjunction with percutaneous osteotomies. However there are still problems. Often the medullary canal may be too narrow to harbour a nail of adequate size for the body. Furthermore they do not give significant rotational control, which is compounded by the elasticity of the soft tissues.Purpose of Study
Introduction
To investigate the incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) with external fixator use and to help establish whether current guidelines are appropriate. Case notes of individuals undergoing external fixator application by the senior author (PC) from March 2005 to June 2011 were examined. In this period 207 individuals underwent 255 primary applications of Ilizarov, Taylor Spatial Frame (TSF) or monolateral fixator. Fixators applied were 173 tibial, 63 femoral and 19 to other bones. Records were obtained for 182 individuals (88%), representing 214 operations (84%).Purpose
Methods
Lower limb mal-alignment as a result of fracture malunion can result in knee degenerative arthritis or predispose to early arthroplasty failure due to the altered mechanical axis. The choice of corrective osteotomy is often determined by potential complications. Opening wedge osteotomy is associated with poor bone healing especially in adult diaphyseal bone. Distraction osteogenesis enables gradual deformity correction with the gap filled by regenerate bone. Bone formation however is formed less favourably in the diaphysis and metaphyseal osteotomy is advised. We present a consecutive series of adult tibial diaphyseal correction using the Taylor Spatial Frame utilising the method of distraction osteogenesis. 15 adults, 11 male and 3 female, underwent tibial deformity correction. A mid diaphyseal osteotomy was made using minimal soft tissue dissection and an osteotome. The site was determined by the centre of rotation of angulation (CORA). After a 6 day latency period distraction was undertaken by the Taylor Spatial Frame. Patients were encouraged to fully weight bear throughout the treatment process. Following regenerate consolidation the frame was removed and a below knee weight bearing cast applied for 4 weeks.Introduction
Method
No published work exists regarding deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) incidence with the elective use of external fixators. The aim of this work was to establish the rate of DVT and PE in such cases to help inform whether thromboprophylaxis guided by risk factors is adequate or if a more aggressive approach is required. Information from a prospectively maintained electronic database and case notes were examined for consecutive patients from March 2005 to June 2011. Occurrence of DVT and PE, detected by ultrasound or CT angiogram, were recorded. Risk factors for thromboembolism, age, weight, height, surgical indications, type of surgery and operative time were recorded. As recommended by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) thromboprophylaxis use is guided by risks of thromboembolism and bleeding. For adults and older adolescent patients contralateral leg compression stockings and an intraoperative calf pump were used. Mobilisation began the morning after surgery and the majority of cases permitted to bear weight fully.Introduction
Patients and methods
Patients undergoing limb reconstruction with the Taylor Spatial Frame (TSF) often perceive that their frame is loose due to the rattle they hear when mobilising. Our aim was to determine how much and where this movement is in the various frame/bone constructs currently on the market. Using standard tibial saw bones three frames (TSF, Ilizarov and Hexapod) were made in an identical fashion. Constructs were cyclically loaded 4 times to 200 N in tension and compression using the Instron MTS. This was repeated three times. A seventh strut was also placed in the TSF construct and the tests repeated. Bones were then removed and the tests repeated for the frames alone.Introduction
Method
