Background

BHA is popular surgery for femoral neck fractures expecially elderly patients. However, clinical results are variable that factors affecting results are questionable. Therefore we investigated radiologic fators, dysplastic hip whether influences results of BHA.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of modular revision stems, uncemented fluted, tapered to treat periprosthetic femoral (PFF) fracture; we specifically evaluated fracture union, implant stability, patient outcomes, and complications to compare the differences between cemented and cementless primary stem.

In conventional high tibial osteotomy it is difficult to obtain the ideal correction angle consistently and there is high variability of postoperative alignment. We assessed the reliability, accuracy and variability of closed wedge high tibial osteotomy using computer-assisted surgery compared to the conventional technique. Fifty closed wedge HTO procedures were performed and analysed between July 2005 and July 2006, using the CT-free navigation system(Vector Vision^® version 1.1, Brain-LAB, Heimstetten, Germany) for medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee and fifty knee operations using conventional closed-wedge HTO, performed between 1994 and 2006, were retrospectively reviewed as a control group. The mean age was 59.4 years for the navigation group and 60.7 years for the conventional group. In the navigation group, the mean mechanical axis (MA) before osteotomy was varus 8.2°, and the mean MA after the fixation was valgus 3.6°. On the radiographs, the mean preoperative MA was varus 7.3°, and the mean postoperative MA was valgus 2.1°. In the conventional group, the mean MA was varus 10.6° preoperatively and valgus 0.1° postoperatively via the radiograph. The mean preoperative posterior slope angle (PSA) was 11.0°, which decreased to 9.0° in the navigation group. The mean preoperative PSA was 10.4°, which decreased to 6.4° in the conventional group(p = 0.000). There was a positive correlation between measured data taken under navigation and by radiographs(r > 0.3, P < 0.05). The mean correction angle was significantly more accurate in the navigation group(p < 0.002). The variability of the correction was significantly lower in the navigation group (2.3° versus 3.7°, p = 0.012), and the distribution of MA was also narrower in the navigated group.

We concluded that navigation provides reliable real-time intraoperative information and may increase accuracy, and improve the precision of closed-wedge HTO.

Twenty-Six total hip arthroplasties were performed in Crowe grade 3 or 4 hip dysplasia using subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy with 2-kinds of femoral stem(Primary monoblock and modular femoral stem). The average age was 46.2 years, and the average follow-up was 4.1 years. Acetabular reconstruction with structural autograft was used in 13 hips. Radiologically, hip centers were nearly normalized by vertical height of 10.6mm elevation and horizontal lengths of 1.7mm compared with uninvolved sites. Three of four osteotomy nonunions were managed with bone graft and other one wating for surgery. One acetabular revision was performed for migration. One postoperative dislocation was managed successfully with closed reduction and abduction brace. One patient (> 7cm) showed postoperative neurologic complications was noted. Harris hip score was improved from 35.6 to 81.7. A cementless modular distal fluted femoral stem is a useful device in these patients.

The authors did not receive grants or outside funding in support of their research or preparation of this manuscript. They did not receive any payments or make agreements to provide such benefit from a commercial entity. No commercial entity paid or directed, or agreed to pay or direct, any benefits to any research fund, foundation, educational institution, or other non profit organization with which the authors are affiliated or associated.

Background: We observed early osteolysis and loosening of the rough surface-cement stem with a second generation metal-on-metal articulation. This study was to investigate the possible etiologic role of stem loosening and osteolysis by examination of the surface of the rough blast cement and related periprosthetic tissues that have been retrieved at revision.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 39 hips (37 patients) with use of metasul metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty. Of the femoral stem, rough surface-cement stem used in 18 hips and cementless Ti-alloy stem in 21 hips. The mean duration of follow-up was 10.2 years. Of these eight rough blast cement stem were revised, seven in loosening and one in recurrent dislocation. By using energy disperse spectroscope and back scattered electron image, histologic studies were performed to the samples of periprosthetic tissues. Skin patch tests for metal hypersensitivity were done to select patients.

Results: All of cementless stems and cups showed excellent results at the last follow-up. However, eight cement hips were revised. Light microscopy showed polishing effect on retrieval femoral stem affected by the rotational force. EDS and BSE image revealed that there were abundant cement and related metal particles with size of 5-10μm. However there were few metal particles and had greater size (20–100μm) in periprosthetic tissues. Histologic finding shows perivascular infiltration of lymphocytes and accumulation of macrophages No relation was found between skin patch test and loosening.

Conclusion: These findings raise the possibility that early osteolysis and loosening in patients with metal-on-metal hip replacement were associated with rough blast surface cement stem. These mixed particles such as Fe and Zr maybe trigger lymphocytic reactivity suggestive delayed type hypersensitive reaction. This study suggests that cement stem which have rough blasted surface should be considered in metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty.

Level of Evidence: Therapeutic level III-1(case-control study). See instructions to authors for a complete description of level of evidence.

Modular femoral stem provides significant flexibility in total hip revision arthroplasty. There have been few clinical studies that have dealt with modular stem. We have evaluated the clinical and radiographic performance of 59 patients with distal fix modular Link MP stem. The average follow-up period was 6.4 years. The average Harris hip score was improved from 47 to 87.6. Of 19 patients with trochanteric osteotomy, greater trochanter was displaced in four patients. Re-revision was done to five patients. Three were for subsidence, one of them showed dissociation of the coupling part and the other two were for a nonunion of osteotomy site. There was no statistical relation (p=0.40) between stem subsidence and bone deficiency; the subsidence may have been too small for the canal. As a result of last follow-up, survival rate was 91.5 %(CI 95%, 89–101), but there was no case of recurrent dislocation or femoral stem fracture.

Introduction: The anatomy and biomechanics of the thoracic spine is different from the cervical and lumbar spine particularly due to the ribs and sternum which contribute to stability and controlling motion. The role of the sternum and costosternal articulation in the biomechanics of thoracic fracture or deformity correction has not been well studied. The effects of releasing each of these structures, whether alone or in combination, is potentially relevant in the surgical correction of thoracic deformities such as severe kyphosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative effects of releasing the intervertebral disc, the costosternal joint, the sternum, and the facet joints on sagittal thoracic motion and the consequences of altering the sequence of the releases.

Methods: Eighteen human torsos were tested in three experiments (A, B, and C) to determine the effect on sagittal motion due to three different sequences of three surgical releases. In Experiment A the release sequence was back to front: Total facetectomy, then radical discectomy, then sternal osteotomy plus costosternal release. In experiment B the release sequence was front to back: Sternal osteotomy plus costosternal release, then radical discectomy, then total facetectomy. In Experiment C, it was disc first: Radical discectomy, then sternal osteotomy plus costosternal release, then total facetectomy. The different sequences allowed separate analysis of each component and the synergistic patterns. In each of the three experiments, the torso was flexed then extended each time by an applied force (25 N) before and after each release. The extent of both angular flex-ion and angular extension were compared to the intact condition, and after each release.

Results: Radical discectomy provided the greatest increase (P< 0.05) in range of motion (ROM) as compared to the other two single releases, no matter what the sequence. For paired release combination, the radical discectomy and sternal osteotomy plus costosternal release (as in Experiments B and C) provided a significant (P< 0.05) increase in sagittal ROM compared to the combination of radical discectomy and total facetectomy (Experiment A). In Experiment A, if sternal osteotomy and costosternal release (the final release) had not been carried out, then 42% of the sagittal motion would have been lost compared to the 27% related to the total facetectomy (Experiment B). All of the releases allowed more extension than flexion; the only exception was facetectomy when carried out first as in Experiment A.

Conclusions: To increase sagittal thoracic range of motion radical discectomy provided the greatest increase in both extension and total ROM as compared to total facetectomy or sternal osteotomy plus costosternal release, no matter what the sequence. For two releases, the combination of radical discectomy and sternal osteotomy plus costosternal release provided the greatest increase in both extension and total ROM. Total facetectomy was the least useful release. These data have relevance for surgical strategies to correct severe thoracic sagittal plane deformity. The sequence of combined release has important clinical implications.

Introduction: A retrospective study of the clinical and radiographic results of the Mallory-Head total hip arthroplasty was conducted.

Materials and Methods: Sixty-seven patients (76 hips) with a mean age of 50 years who had Mallory-Head total hip arthroplasty were studied. The mean follow-up period was 10.1 years (9–13years).

Results: Excellent or good clinical results were found in 64 patients. Minimal thigh pain was found in 3 patients (4.4%). Seventy-one hips (93.4%) showed fixation by bony ingrowth and three (3.9%) showed the stable fibrous fixation. Bony on and ingrowth was also observed in 16 hips (21%) at distal smooth and of the grit-blast area. Two femoral components were revised: one for subsidence, and the other for the recurred infection. Therefore, the success rate was 97.3%.

Conclusion: The authors believe that these good results are a consequence of excellent bony ingrowth on the proximal two-thirds of the femoral surface area. In conclusion, proximal plasma-spray coating and tapered shape of the Ti-stem showed excellent bony ingrowth and initial stability. Our results indicate that distal tapered shape may be an important element in the design of cementless stems.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of oral alendronate for the older children with osteogenesis imperfecta. Eight boys and 6 girls with average age of 9.7 years were given oral alendronate, 10mg everyday for those > 35kg, 10mg every other day for those 20 – 35 kg, and 10mg every three days for those < 20 kg. Treatment period averaged 3.3 years (range, 2.1 to 3.6). The number of fractures decreased by 39% in the lower extremity, although not statistically significant. Ten patients or their parents reported improved well-being during the treatment period. Z score for bone mineral density improved from −3.75 to −1.18 in the lumbar spine, and from −3.84 to −2.74 in the femur neck. Restoration of the collapsed vertebral bodies was observed, and the metaphyseal bands appeared on the simple radiographs. Urinary excretion of calcium and N-telopeptide of type I collagen were decreased by 64% and 47%, respectively. Abdominal discomfort was reported in five patients, one of which needed temporary switch to intravenous protocol. Iliac crest biopsy including the physis showed expanded primary spongiosa area with numeric multi-nucleated cells, which had heterogenous immunoreactivity for osteoclast markers.

This study revealed beneficial effects of oral alendronate in osteogenesis imperfecta patients, supported by radiological, biochemical and histological findings. We believe that oral alendronate is a more convenient method of bisphosphonate treatment for osteogenesis imperfecta, especially in older children.