The
Aims. Alternative alignment concepts, including kinematic and restricted kinematic, have been introduced to help improve clinical outcomes following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical results, along with patient satisfaction, following TKA using the concept of restricted
Aims. The mid-term results of
Aims. This study aimed to evaluate if total knee arthroplasty (TKA) femoral components aligned in either mechanical alignment (MA) or
Aims. Patient-specific instrumentation of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a technique permitting the targeting of individual
Even though primary total knee arthroplasty involves resurfacing the joint with metal and plastic it is much more of a soft tissue operation than it is a bony procedure. The idea that altering the planned bony resection by a few degrees on either the tibial or femoral side of the joint might somehow eliminate the multifactorial pain complaints and reduced patient satisfaction seen in some 20% or more of cases in reported clinical series is clearly overly optimistic. Axial alignment is important, but no more so than the level of distal femoral resection, tibial and femoral rotation, tibial resection level and downslope and femoral sagittal plane alignment. The real problem is that errors in component positioning are common, rarely made one at a time, and are made more common by greater procedural complexity. No matter the resection method (let alone the resection target!) errors are commonly linked and iterative. For example: femoral malrotation on an under-resected distal femur (in a knee with minimal arthritic wear to begin with) can contribute to corresponding tibial malrotation helped by a “floated” tibial trial on an all too often overly resected and downsloped tibial surface that has been recut to allow full extension with the under-resected femur (and now also results in AP laxity in flexion). Small changes in the alignment target will not fix this!. On the other hand:
Aims. The aims of this study were: 1) to describe extended restricted
Introduction. Most surgeons that have performed kinematically aligned TKA have noticed an overall better clinical outcome, better motion, better patient satisfaction, and a quicker recovery than their patients treated with mechanically aligned TKA. Materials and Methods. We prospectively followed all 128 knees who underwent primary total knee arthroplasty. The Lysholm knee score and VAS scale was recorded initially and 12months after the surgery. Independent T-test was used for statistical analysis at probability level of 95%. SPSS for Windows (Version 12, Chicago, Illinois) was used. Results. VAS score and passive ROM; Not significant difference statistically. But improved compared the preoperative and postoperative data. WOMAC score and HSS score; Significantly improved statistically. Discussion. Our data suggest that
Mechanical alignment (MA) techniques for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) introduces significant anatomic modifications and secondary ligament imbalances. A restricted
Purpose. Various alignment philosophies for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have been described, all striving to achieve excellent long-term implant survival and good functional outcomes. In recent years, in search of higher functionality and patient satisfaction, a shift towards more patient-specific alignment is seen. Robotics is the perfect technology to tailor alignment. The purpose of this study was to describe ‘inverse
Inverse
Trochlear geometry of modern femoral implants is designed for mechanical alignment (MA) technique for TKA. The biomechanical goal is to create a proximalised and more valgus trochlea to better capture the patella and optimize tracking. In contrast,
BACKGROUND. Trochlear geometry of modern femoral implants is designed for the mechanical alignment (MA) technique for Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA). The biomechanical goal is to create a proximalised and more valgus trochlea to better capture the patella and optimize tracking. In contrast,
BACKGROUND. Conventional TKA surgery attempts to restore patients to a neutral alignment, and devices are designed with this in mind. Neutral alignment may not be natural for many patients, and may cause dissatisfaction [1]. To solve this,
Conventional TKA surgery attempts to restore patients to a neutral alignment, and devices are designed with this in mind. Neutral alignment may not be natural for many patients, and may cause dissatisfaction. To solve this,
Background. Mechanical alignment (MA) techniques for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) introduce significant anatomic modifications and secondary ligament imbalances. A restricted
Tibial bone density may affect implant stability and functional outcomes following total knee replacement (TKR). Our aim was to characterise the bone density profile at the implant-tibia interface following TKR in mechanical versus
Background. Defining optimal coronal alignment in Total Knee Replacement (TKR) is a controversial and poorly understood subject. Tibial bone density may affect implant stability and functional outcomes following TKR. Our aim was to compare the bone density profile at the implant-tibia interface following TKR in mechanical versus
Objective. Kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is of increasing interest because this method may improve patient satisfaction. However, the biomechanics of kinematically aligned TKA remain largely unknown. Therefore, we analyzed whether the
In total knee replacement (TKR), neutral mechanical alignment (NMA) is targeted in prosthetic component implantation. A novel implantation approach, referred to as
INTRODUCTION. In total knee arthroplasty (TKA), the effectiveness of the mechanical alignment (MA) within 0°±3° has been recently questioned. A novel implantation approach, i.e. the
Conventional total knee arthroplasty aims to place the joint line perpendicular to the mechanical axis resulting in an overall neutral mechanical alignment. This objective is promulgated despite the fact healthy adult populations are on average in varus with few proximal tibias being neutral to the mechanical axis. The goal of a neutral mechanical axis is based largely on historical studies and the fact that it is easier to make a neutral tibial cut with conventional jigs and the eye. In order to balance the flexion and extension gaps to accommodate a neutral tibial cut, in most patients, asymmetrical distal and posterior femoral cuts are required. The resulting position of the femoral component could be considered to be “mal-rotated” with respect to the patient's soft tissue envelope. Soft tissue releases are often required to “balance” the knee. Planning and execution of the surgery are largely based off 2-dimensional radiographs which grossly oversimplifies the concept of alignment to the coronal plane, largely ignoring what happens to the knee in 3-dimensions through range of motion and 4-dimensions with respect to gait, stair climbing, etc. Subsequently, neutral mechanical for all engenders the “looks good, feels bad” phenomenon seen in many patients that may in part drive the higher dissatisfaction rates seen in knee arthroplasty globally compared to hip arthroplasty. Additionally, because most tibias are in varus in the native state, placement of the tibial component in a neutral position results in a valgus orientated position during weight bearing post-operatively. Placing the tibial component in a varus, kinematic aligned position negates this deleterious condition and has been linked to improved outcomes in recent studies. New imaging and surgical techniques allow for the identification of patient specific alignment targets and the ability to more precisely execute the surgical plan with respect to 3-dimensional placement of the components. Long-term outcomes studies as well as more recent studies on “kinematic” positioning suggest that deviation away from a neutral mechanical target is safe with respect to survivorship and provides better function with a more “natural” feeling knee.
In Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA), the neutral overall limb alignment (NOLA), i.e. the mechanical alignment of the lower limb within 0°±3°, is targeted for achieving good clinical/functional results. The kinematic overall limb alignment (KOLA), which uses the axis through the centres of the femur posterior condyles modelled as cylinders, represents a novel approach for achieving better soft tissue balance. Patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) is nowadays offered as an effective technology in TKA to obtain better lower limb alignments than those via conventional guides (CON). Although relevant results are still inconsistent, the benefits claimed include shorter operative time, reduced surgical instrumentation, and accurate preoperative planning. The aim of this study was to report the preliminary clinical and radiological results of TKA patients operated via NOLA-PSI and KOLA-PSI. Comparisons between them and with the results obtained via NOLA-CON were performed. A four-centre randomised study on 144 patients has been designed to assess these three techniques. In each centre, 36 patients are planned to be operated, 12 per technique. Currently, in our centre 18 patients have been operated so far: 6 via NOLA-CON (Group A), 3 via NOLA-PSI (Group B), and 9 via KOLA-PSI (Group C). All patients were implanted with a cruciate-retaining TKA (Triathlon®, Stryker®-Orthopaedics, Mahwah, NJ-USA) with patella resurfacing, those in PSI groups according to Otismed® imaging protocol. This includes pre-operative MRI scans at the hip, knee and ankle joints. Clinical evaluations were performed pre-operatively, at 45 days, and 3, 6 and 12 months post-operatively using the knee and functional IKSS (International Knee Society Score). At 45 days post-operatively a weight-bearing long leg radiograph was performed to measure possible differences between planned and implanted component alignment in patients operated via NOLA groups (A and B) and via KOLA group (C).INTRODUCTION
PATIENTS AND METHODS
While standard instrumentation tries to reproduce mechanical axes based on mechanical alignment guides, a new “shape matching” system derives its plan from kinematic measurements using pre-operative MRIs. The current study aimed to compare the resultant alignment in a matched pair cadaveric study between the Shape Match and a standard mechanical system. A prospective series of Twelve (12) eviscerated torso's were acquired for a total of twenty four (24) limb specimens that included intact pelvises, femoral heads, knees, and ankles. The cadavers received MRI-scans, which were used to manufacture the Shape Match cutting guides. Additionally all specimen received “pre-operative” CT-scans to determine leg axes. Two (2) investigating surgeons performed total knee arthroplasties on randomly chosen sides by following the surgical technique using conventional instruments. On the contralateral sides, implantation of the same prosthesis was done using the Kinematic Shape Match Cutting Guides. A navigation system was used to check for leg alignement. Implant alignement was determined using post-operative CT-scans. For statistical analysis SPSS was used.INTRODUCTION
METHODS
Background. There are limited previous findings detailed biomechanical properties following implantation with mechanical and
Background. There are limited previous findings detailed biomechanical properties following implantation with mechanical and
The aim of mechanical alignment in total knee arthroplasty is to align all knees into a fixed neutral position, even though not all knees are the same. As a result, mechanical alignment often alters a patient’s constitutional alignment and joint line obliquity, resulting in soft-tissue imbalance. This annotation provides an overview of how the Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) classification can be used to predict imbalance with mechanical alignment, and then offers practical guidance for bone balancing, minimizing the need for soft-tissue releases. Cite this article:
An algorithm to determine the constitutional alignment of the lower limb once arthritic deformity has occurred would be of value when undertaking kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this study was to determine if the arithmetic hip-knee-ankle angle (aHKA) algorithm could estimate the constitutional alignment of the lower limb following development of significant arthritis. A matched-pairs radiological study was undertaken comparing the aHKA of an osteoarthritic knee (aHKA-OA) with the mechanical HKA of the contralateral normal knee (mHKA-N). Patients with Grade 3 or 4 Kellgren-Lawrence tibiofemoral osteoarthritis in an arthritic knee undergoing TKA and Grade 0 or 1 osteoarthritis in the contralateral normal knee were included. The aHKA algorithm subtracts the lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA) from the medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) measured on standing long leg radiographs. The primary outcome was the mean of the paired differences in the aHKA-OA and mHKA-N. Secondary outcomes included comparison of sex-based differences and capacity of the aHKA to determine the constitutional alignment based on degree of deformity.Aims
Methods
Many aspects of total knee arthroplasty have
changed since its inception. Modern prosthetic design, better fixation techniques,
improved polyethylene wear characteristics and rehabilitation, have
all contributed to a large change in revision rates. Arthroplasty
patients now expect longevity of their prostheses and demand functional
improvement to match. This has led to a re-examination of the long-held
belief that mechanical alignment is instrumental to a successful
outcome and a focus on restoring healthy joint kinematics. A combination
of kinematic restoration and uncemented, adaptable fixation may
hold the key to future advances. Cite this article:
Aims. Sagittal plane imbalance (SPI), or asymmetry between extension and flexion gaps, is an important issue in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this study was to compare SPI between
The June 2024 Research Roundup. 360. looks at: Do the associations of daily steps with mortality and incident cardiovascular disease differ by sedentary time levels?; Large-scale assessment of ChatGPT in benign and malignant bone tumours imaging report diagnosis and its potential for clinical applications; Long-term effects of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis on physical function: a longitudinal analysis; Effect of intramuscular fat in the thigh muscles on muscle architecture and physical performance in the middle-aged females with knee osteoarthritis; Preoperative package of care for osteoarthritis an opportunity not to be missed?; Superiority of
The April 2023 Knee Roundup. 360. looks at: Does bariatric surgery reduce complications after total knee arthroplasty?; Mid-flexion stability in total knee arthroplasties implanted with
Introduction and Objective.
The February 2023 Knee Roundup. 360. looks at: Machine-learning models: are all complications predictable?; Positive cultures can be safely ignored in revision arthroplasty patients that do not meet the 2018 International Consensus Meeting Criteria; Spinal versus general anaesthesia in contemporary primary total knee arthroplasty; Preoperative pain and early arthritis are associated with poor outcomes in total knee arthroplasty; Risk factors for infection and revision surgery following patellar tendon and quadriceps tendon repairs; Supervised versus unsupervised rehabilitation following total knee arthroplasty;
The June 2023 Knee Roundup. 360. looks at: Cementless total knee arthroplasty is associated with early aseptic loosening in a large national database; Is cementless total knee arthroplasty safe in females aged over 75 years?; Could novel radiological findings help identify aseptic tibial loosening?; The Attune cementless versus LCS arthroplasty at introduction; Return to work following total knee arthroplasty and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty; Complications and downsides of the robotic total knee arthroplasty; Mid-flexion instability in
Abstract. Introduction. Controversy exists regarding the optimal tibial coronal alignment in total knee arthroplasty. Many believe navigation or robotics are required to set
Limb alignment in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) influences periarticular soft-tissue tension, biomechanics through knee flexion, and implant survival. Despite this, there is no uniform consensus on the optimal alignment technique for TKA. Neutral mechanical alignment facilitates knee flexion and symmetrical component wear but forces the limb into an unnatural position that alters native knee kinematics through the arc of knee flexion.
Aims. A comprehensive classification for coronal lower limb alignment with predictive capabilities for knee balance would be beneficial in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This paper describes the Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) classification and examines its utility in preoperative soft tissue balance prediction, comparing
Dissatisfaction following total knee arthroplasty is a well-documented phenomenon. Although many factors have been implicated, including modifiable and nonmodifiable patient factors, emphasis over the past decade has been on implant alignment and stability as both a cause of, and a solution to, this problem. Several alignment targets have evolved with a proliferation of techniques following the introduction of computer and robotic-assisted surgery. Mechanical alignment targets may achieve mechanically-sound alignment while ignoring the soft tissue envelope;
Background. Recent studies reported that the
The mechanical alignment (MA) for Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) with neutral alignment goal has had good overall long-term outcomes. In spite of improvements in implant designs and surgical tools aiming for better accuracy and reproducibility of surgical technique, functional outcomes of MA TKA have remained insufficient. Therefore, alternative, more anatomicaloptions restoring part (adjusted MA (aMA) and adjusted
The mechanical alignment (MA) for Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) with neutral alignment goal has had good overall long-term outcomes. In spite of improvements in implant designs and surgical tools aiming for better accuracy and reproducibility of surgical technique, functional outcomes of MA TKA have remained insufficient. Therefore, alternative, more anatomical options restoring part (adjusted MA (aMA) and adjusted
Mechanical alignment (MA) in total knee arthroplasty (TKA), although considered the gold standard, reportedly has up to 25% of patients expressing post-operative dissatisfaction. Biomechanical outcomes following
Aims. It is unknown whether
Abstract. Introduction. OtisMed Shape Match ® patient specific implant cutting jigs were designed to place TKA in
Modifying Knee anatomy during mechanical Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) may impact ligament balance, patellar tracking and quadriceps function. Although well fixed, patients may report high levels (20%) of dissatisfaction. One theory is that putting the knee in neutral mechanical alignment may be responsible for these unsatisfactory results. Kinematic TKA has gained interest in recent years; it aims to resurface the knee joint and preservation of natural femoral flexion axis about which the tibia and patella articulate, recreating the native knee without the need for soft tissue relaease. That's being said, it remains the question of whether all patients are suitable for
Aims. The results of kinematic total knee arthroplasty (KTKA) have been reported in terms of limb and component alignment parameters but not in terms of gap laxities and differentials. In