Aims. The prevalence of scoliosis is not known in patients with idiopathic short stature, and the impact of treatment with recombinant human growth
Aims. The assessment of the potential pathological influence of Growth
Intermittently administered parathyroid
Aims. To examine the relationship of sex steroid
There is a disparity in sport-related injuries between sexes, with females sustaining non-contact musculoskeletal injuries at a higher rate. Anterior cruciate ligament ruptures are between two and eight times more common than in males, and females also have a higher incidence of ankle sprains, patellofemoral pain, and bone stress injuries. The sequelae of such injuries can be devastating to an athlete, resulting in time out of sport, surgery, and the early onset of osteoarthritis. It is important to identify the causes of this disparity and introduce prevention programmes to reduce the incidence of these injuries. A natural difference reflects the effect of reproductive
Aims. To develop an early implant instability murine model and explore the use of intermittent parathyroid
Impaction allograft is an established method of securing initial stability of an implant in arthroplasty. Subsequent bone integration can be prolonged, and the volume of allograft may not be maintained. Intermittent administration of parathyroid
Objectives. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are of growing interest in terms of bone regeneration. Most preclinical trials utilize bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (bMSCs), although this is not without isolation and expansion difficulties. The aim of this study was: to compare the characteristics of bMSCs and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) from juvenile, adult, and ovarectomized (OVX) rats; and to assess the effect of human parathyroid
Aims. Osteoarthritis (OA) is prevalent among the elderly and incurable. Intra-articular parathyroid
Adrenomedullin is a peptide
Aims. Parathyroid
Abstract. Objectives. Current therapies for osteoporosis are limited to generalised antiresorptive or anabolic interventions, which do not target specific regions to improve skeletal health. Moreover, the adaptive changes of separate and combined pharmacological and biomechanical treatments in the ovariectomised (OVX) mouse tibia has not been studied yet. Therefore, this study combines micro- computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging and computational modelling to evaluate the efficacies of treatments in reducing bone loss. Methodology. In vivo micro-CT (10.4µm/voxel) images of the right tibiae of N=18 female OVX C57BL/6 mice were acquired at weeks 14, 16, 18, 20 and 22 of age for 3 groups: mechanical loading (ML), parathyroid
Introduction: Following an Australian study on the incidence of scoliosis in a population of short-statured children treated with human growth
Introduction: Retrospective reports of adverse events following growth
Introduction: Hip arthroplasty can present surgeons with difficult bone loss. Impacted allografting is a well-established way of initally securing implant stability. However subsequent bone integration and fusion can be prolonged. Also concerns relate on maintaining bone volume of allograft during integration. Intermittent administration of parathyroid
Introduction: Treatment of osteoarthritis by total joint replacement generally shows a high success rate; however challenges remain. Prostheses inserted without cement are popular worldwide. Insertion of uncemented implants is intended to be pressfit. Early bone growth on the implant is critical to long-term fixation. Parathyroid
Sex
In 65 mature Wistar rats a Kirschner wire was introduced into the medullary cavity of each femur. A closed transverse mid-shaft fracture of one femur was produced by a three-point bending technique. Subsequently the mechanical characteristics of the healing fracture, including the torque and angle of twist required to take the callus to its yield point and to ultimate failure, were compared with those for the opposite femur of each rat. Controls were killed in groups at two, three, four, five and seven weeks. Test animals were given bovine growth
1. A case is reported of a girl aged fifteen with growth
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), defined by an age at presentation of 11 to 18 years, has a prevalence of 0.47% and accounts for approximately 90% of all cases of idiopathic scoliosis. Despite decades of research, the exact aetiology of AIS remains unknown. It is becoming evident that it is the result of a complex interplay of genetic, internal, and environmental factors. It has been hypothesized that genetic variants act as the initial trigger that allow epigenetic factors to propagate AIS, which could also explain the wide phenotypic variation in the presentation of the disorder. A better understanding of the underlying aetiological mechanisms could help to establish the diagnosis earlier and allow a more accurate prediction of deformity progression. This, in turn, would prompt imaging and therapeutic intervention at the appropriate time, thereby achieving the best clinical outcome for this group of patients. Cite this article:
We have examined the deterioration of implant fixation after withdrawal of parathyroid
Aims: In order to assess the potential pathologic inßuence of any Parathyroid
In 15 consecutive patients with slipped capital femoral epiphysis we recorded height, weight and skeletal maturity. Sexual maturity was assessed clinically and biochemically, and Harris's hypothesis that there is an increased ratio of serum growth
Introduction: Parathyroid
The intermittent administration of parathyroid
A one-year-8-month-old girl who received radiotherapy and chemotheraphy after excision of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma from left labium majus pudendi developed slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) over right hip when she was 9 years old. After mild limp had been noted for 6 months she was then referred to pediatric orthopedic surgeon and two Knowles pins were used to fix the slipping. The second case was a 17-year-old girl with Turner syndrome. SCFE developed during the growth
The changes in serum adjusted ionised calcium and parathyroid
Introduction: Since Albright first proposed the concept of diabetic osteopenia, many studies have investigated the levels of mineral bone density (BMD) and risk of osteoporosis. In this study we investigate the effect of exercise, alfacalcidol and parathyroid
Introduction. Recently, some case reports have been published, in which nonunions were successfully healed with parathyroid
Intermittent treatment with parathyroid
Introduction. Parathyroid
Since the approval of parathyroid
Improving periprosthetic bone is essential for implant fixation and reducing peri-implant fracture risk. This studied examined the individual and combined effects of iPTH and mechanical loading at the cellular, molecular, and tissue level for periprosthetic cancellous bone. Adult rabbits had a porous titanium implant inserted bilaterally on the cancellous bone beneath a mechanical loading device on the distal lateral femur. The right femur was loaded daily, the left femur received a sham loading device, and half of the rabbits received daily PTH. Periprosthetic bone was processed up to 28 days for qPCR, histology, and uCT analysis. We observed an increase in cellular and molecular markers of osteoblast activity and decrease in adipocytic markers for both treatments, with small additional effects in the combined group. Loading and iPTH led to a decrease and increase, respectively, in osteoclast number, acting through changes in RANKL/OPG expression. Changes in SOST and beta-catenin mRNA levels suggested an integral role for the Wnt pathway. We observed strong singular effects on BV/TV of both loading (1.53 fold) and iPTH (1.54 fold). Combined treatment showed a small additive effect on bone volume. In conclusion, loading and iPTH act through a pro-osteoblastic/anti-adipocytic response and through control of bone turnover via changes in the RANKL/OPG pathway. These changes led to a small additional, but not synergistic, increase in bone volume with the combined therapy.
The aim of our study was to evaluate if PTH is able to increase the trabecular density of osteoporotic bone at the site of an implant and whether the anabolic effect of PTH at this side is stronger then the effect of an osteoclast inhibitor like alendronate. 48 cement rod was inserted in the tibia of 48 female rats, of which 36 had been ovariectomized. The cement rods, which served as implants, were made of Palacos R bone cement. After implantation, the 36 ovariectomized rats were divided in 3 groups. One was injected subcutaneusly with PTH (1–34) at a dose of 60 g/kg BW. The second was injected with alendronate at a dose of 205 g/kg BW. The third with vehicle only. The remaining 12 sham operated rats were also injected with vehicle only. All injections were given three times a week and the rats were killed 2 weeks after implantation. The tibial segments around the hole of the rods were prepared histologically. Thus the surfaces which had been in contact with the rod appeared as straight lines and could be analyzed histomorphometricly. The trabecular density of the bone closest to the implant was measured. One femur of all animals was used for measurement by DEXA. There was a substantial increase in the trabecular density close to the rods with PTH treatment (Anova p=0.002). PTH lead to a trabecular density of 89%, where as the ovariectomized animals revealed a trabecular density of 58% and the sham operated control of 68%. No significant increase of implant related trabecular density could be found in the alendronate treated group. In this group a density of 72% was established. DEXA showed the expected differences in bone mineral content (Anova p=0.001). In this study, intermittent PTH treatment increased implant-related trabecular density in osteoporotic bone after 2 weeks. No such positive effect could be found with alendronate treatment at such a short period of time. We think the reason for this phenomenon could be the early onset of the anabolic PTH effect on regenerating bone, whereas alendronate is thought to only inhibit bone resorption, which might lead to a later effect. The early onset of PTH effects even in osteoporotic bone suggests that intermittent PTH treatment might lead to an increased micro-interlock between implant and bone and might therefore be considered as a possible drug to enhance incorporation of orthopedic implants.
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are among the most common and debilitating knee injuries in professional athletes with an incidence in females up to eight-times higher than their male counterparts. ACL injuries can be career-threatening and are associated with increased risk of developing knee osteoarthritis in future life. The increased risk of ACL injury in females has been attributed to various anatomical, developmental, neuromuscular, and
Objectives. Insufficient protein ingestion may affect muscle and bone mass, increasing the risk of osteoporotic fractures in the elderly, and especially in postmenopausal women. We evaluated how a low-protein diet affects bone parameters under gonadal
The April 2024 Research Roundup. 360. looks at: Prevalence and characteristics of benign cartilaginous tumours of the shoulder joint; Is total-body MRI useful as a screening tool to rule out malignant progression in patients with multiple osteochondromas?; Effects of vancomycin and tobramycin on compressive and tensile strengths of antibiotic bone cement: a biomechanical study; Biomarkers for early detection of Charcot arthropathy; Strong association between growth
Aims. Osteoporosis is common in total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients. It plays a substantial factor in the surgery’s outcome, and previous studies have revealed that pharmacological treatment for osteoporosis influences implant survival rate. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of and treatment rates for osteoporosis prior to THA, and to explore differences in osteoporosis-related biomarkers between patients treated and untreated for osteoporosis. Methods. This single-centre retrospective study included 398 hip joints of patients who underwent THA. Using medical records, we examined preoperative bone mineral density measures of the hip and lumbar spine using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans and the medications used to treat osteoporosis at the time of admission. We also assessed the following osteoporosis-related biomarkers: tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b); total procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (total P1NP); intact parathyroid
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is frequently injured in elite athletes, with females up to eight times more likely to suffer an ACL tear than males. Biomechanical and
Aims. A growing number of fractures progress to delayed or nonunion, causing significant morbidity and socioeconomic impact. Localized delivery of stem cells and subcutaneous parathyroid
Aims. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent systemic musculoskeletal disorder, characterized by articular cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone (SCB) sclerosis. Here, we sought to examine the contribution of accelerated growth to OA development using a murine model of excessive longitudinal growth. Suppressor of cytokine signalling 2 (SOCS2) is a negative regulator of growth
Objectives. Osteoporosis has become an increasing concern for older people as it may potentially lead to osteoporotic fractures. This study is designed to assess the efficacy and safety of ten therapies for post-menopausal women using network meta-analysis. Methods. We conducted a systematic search in several databases, including PubMed and Embase. A random-effects model was employed and results were assessed by the odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). Furthermore, with respect to each outcome, each intervention was ranked according to the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) value. Results. With respect to preventing new vertebral fractures (NVF), all ten drugs outperformed placebo, and etidronate proved to be the most effective treatment (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.39). In addition, zoledronic acid and parathyroid
Adipose tissue releases several bioactive peptides and
Breast cancer is generally managed surgically with adjuvant agents which include
The effect of high-fat diet and testosterone replacement therapy upon bone remodelling was investigated in orchiectomised male APOE-/- mice. Mice were split in to three groups: sham surgery + placebo treatment (control, n=9), orchiectomy plus placebo treatment (n=8) and orchiectomy plus testosterone treatment (n=10). Treatments were administered via intramuscular injection once a fortnight for 17 weeks before sacrifice at 25 weeks of age. Tibiae were scanned ex-vivo using µCT followed by post-analysis histology and immunohistochemistry. Previously presented µCT data demonstrated orchiectomised, placebo treated mice exhibited significantly reduced trabecular bone volume, number, thickness and BMD compared to control mice despite no significant differences in body weight. Trabecular parameters were rescued back to control levels in orchiectomised mice treated with testosterone. No significant differences were observed in the cortical bone. Assessment of TRAP stained FFPE sections revealed no significant differences in osteoclast or osteoblast number along the endocortical surface. IHC assessment of osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression in osteoblasts is to be quantified alongside markers of osteoclastogenesis including RANK and RANKL. Results support morphological analysis of cortical bone where no change in cortical bone volume or density between groups is in line with no significant change in osteoblast or osteoclast number and percentage across all three groups. Future work will include further IHC assessment of bone remodelling and adiposity, as well as utilisation of mechanical testing to establish the effects of observed morphological differences in bone upon mechanical properties. Additionally, the effects of
Traumatic acute or chronic tendon injuries are a wide clinical problem in modern society, resulting in important economic burden to the health system and poor quality of life in patients. Due to the low cellularity and vascularity of tendon tissue the repair process is slow and inefficient, resulting in mechanically, structurally, and functionally inferior tissue. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are promising alternatives to the natural healing process for tendon repair, especially in the reconstruction of large damaged tissues. The aim of TRITONE project is to develop a smart, bioactive implantable 3D printed scaffold, able to reproduce the structural and functional properties of human tendon, using FDA approved materials and starting from MSC and their precursor, MPC cell mixtures from human donors. Total cohort selected in the last 12 months was divided in group 1 (N=20) of subjects with tendon injury and group 2 (N=20) of healthy subject. Groups were profiled and age and gender matched. Inclusion criteria were age>18 years and presence of informed consent. Ongoing pregnancy, antihypertensive treatment, cardiovascular diseases, ongoing treatment with anti-aggregants, acetylsalicylic-acid or lithium and age<18 years were exclusion criteria. Firstly, we defined clinical, biological, nutritional life style and genetic profile of the cohort. The deficiency of certain nutrients and sex
Re-rupture rates after rotator cuff repair remain high because of inadequate biological healing at the tendon-bone interface. Single-growth factor therapies to augment healing at the enthesis have so far yielded inconsistent results. An emerging approach is to combine multiple growth factors over a spatiotemporal distribution that mimics normal healing. We propose a novel combination treatment of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and parathyroid
Objectives. Ligaments which heal spontaneously have a healing process that
is similar to skin wound healing. Menopause impairs skin wound healing
and may likewise impair ligament healing. Our purpose in this study
was to investigate the effect of surgical menopause on ligament
healing in a rabbit medial collateral ligament model. Methods. Surgical menopause was induced with ovariohysterectomy surgery
in adult female rabbits. Ligament injury was created by making a
surgical gap in the midsubstance of the medial collateral ligament.
Ligaments were allowed to heal for six or 14 weeks in the presence
or absence of oestrogen before being compared with uninjured ligaments. Molecular
assessment examined the messenger ribonucleic acid levels for collagens,
proteoglycans, proteinases,