Objectives. Screw plugs have been reported to increase the
Although 3D-printed porous dental implants may possess improved osseointegration potential, they must exhibit appropriate
Aims. Due to their radiolucency and favourable mechanical properties, carbon fibre nails may be a preferable alternative to titanium nails for oncology patients. We aim to compare the surgical characteristics and short-term results of patients who underwent intramedullary fixation with either a titanium or carbon fibre nail for pathological long-bone fracture. Methods. This single tertiary-institutional, retrospectively matched case-control study included 72 patients who underwent prophylactic or therapeutic fixation for pathological fracture of the humerus, femur, or tibia with either a titanium (control group, n = 36) or carbon fibre (case group, n = 36) intramedullary nail between 2016 to 2020. Patients were excluded if intramedullary fixation was combined with any other surgical procedure/fixation method. Outcomes included operating time, blood loss, fluoroscopic time, and complications. Fisher’s exact test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for categorical and continuous outcomes, respectively. Results. Patients receiving carbon nails as compared to those receiving titanium nails had higher blood loss (median 150 ml (interquartile range (IQR) 100 to 250) vs 100 ml (IQR 50 to 150); p = 0.042) and longer fluoroscopic time (median 150 seconds (IQR 114 to 182) vs 94 seconds (IQR 58 to 124); p = 0.001). Implant complications occurred in seven patients (19%) in the titanium group versus one patient (3%) in the carbon fibre group (p = 0.055). There were no notable differences between groups with regard to operating time, surgical wound infection, or survival. Conclusion. This pilot study demonstrates a non-inferior surgical and short-term clinical profile supporting further consideration of carbon fibre nails for pathological fracture fixation in orthopaedic oncology patients. Given enhanced accommodation of imaging methods important for oncological surveillance and radiation therapy planning, as well as high tolerances to
Aims. To determine whether half-threaded screw holes in a new titanium locking plate design can substantially decrease the notch effects of the threads and increase the plate
Background. Structural bone allografts are an established treatment method for long-bone structural defects arising from such conditions as trauma, sarcoma, and osteolysis following total joint replacement. However, the quality of structural bone allografts is difficult to non-destructively assess prior to use. The functional lifetime of structural allografts depend on their ability to resist cyclic loading, which can lead to fracture even at stress levels well below the yield strength. Because allograft bone has limited capacity for remodeling, optimizing allograft selection for bone quality could decrease long-term fracture risk. Raman spectroscopy biomarkers can non-destructively assess the three primary components of bone (collagen, mineral, and water), and may predict the resistance of donor bone allografts to fracture from cyclic loads. The purpose of this study was to prospectively assess the ability of Raman biomarkers to predict number of cycles to fracture (“cyclic
Introduction. Laser marking of implants surfaces is necessary in order to provide traceability during revisions which will help identify product problems more quickly, better execute product recalls and improve patient safety. There are several methods of marking employed within the medical field such as chemical etching, electro pencil marking, mechanical imprinting, casting of markings, marking with vibratory type contact, ink jet, hot foil and screen printing. However, these methods have various drawbacks including marking durability or addition of potentially toxic chemical compounds. As a result laser marking has become the preferred identification process for orthopedic implants. Laser marking is known for its high visual quality, good reproducibility and precision. However there are concerns about the laser marking potential to affect
Today, hip prostheses are validated with Standards for
Summary. Lumbar spinal specimens exhibited high
Introduction. During revision surgery, the active electrode of an electrocautery device may get close to the implant, potentially provoking a flashover. Incidents have been reported, where in situ retained hip stems failed after isolated cup revision. Different sizes of discoloured areas, probably induced by electrocautery contact, were found at the starting point of the fracture. The effect of the flashover on the implant material is yet not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the
Introduction. The
Introduction. Tendon disease and rupture are common in patients with diabetes and these are exacerbated by poor healing. although nanoscale changes in diabetic tendon are linked to increased strength and stiffness. The resistance to mechanical damage of a tissue may be measured using
Introduction. Total hip arthroplasty (THA) using short design stem is surging with increasing movement of minimally invasive techniques. Short stems are easier to insert through small incisions preserving muscles. We have used these types of short stems since 2010. Almost all of the patients have shown good clinical results. However, two patients developed
There is an increasing prevalence of haptic devices in many engineering fields, especially in medicine and specifically in surgery. The stereotactic haptic boundaries used in Computer Aided Orthopaedic Surgery Unicomparmental Knee Arthroplasty (CAOS UKA) systems for assistive milling control can lead to an increase in the force required to manipulate the device; this study presented here has seen a several fold increase in peak forces between haptic and non-haptic conditions of a semi-active preoperative image system. Orthopaedic Arthroplasty surgeons are required to apply forces ranging from large gripping forces to small forces for delicate manipulation of tools and through a large range of postures. There is also a need for surgeons to move around and position themselves to gain line of sight with the object of interest and to operate while wearing additional clothing such as the protective headwear and double gloves. These factors further complicate comparison with other ergonomic studies of other robotics systems. While robotics has been implemented to reduce
Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) surgery is a physical and cognitive challenge for surgeons. Data on stress levels, cognitive and physical load of orthopaedic surgeons, as well as ergonomic impact, are limited. With and without the use of an automated impaction device, operational efficiency and the surgeon's ergonomic, mental, and physical load was investigated. In a total of thirty THA procedures, a standard manual technique was compared with an automated impaction device. Three computerized cognitive tasks (Simon, pattern comparison, and pursuit rotor) and five physical tests (isometric wall-sit, plank-to-fatigue, handgrip, supra-postural task, and shoulder endurance) were used to assess psychophysiological load of the surgeon. Surgeon's cortisol concentration was evaluated from saliva samples. Postural risk was assessed by Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). Efficiency was assessed by timing surgical steps and instrumentation flow. Cognitive performances after automated impaction showed faster response times and lower error rates with a greater time-on-target (+1.5 s) and a lower mouse deviation from target (−1.7 pixels). Manual impaction showed higher physical exhaustion in the isometric wall-sit test (10.6% vs. 22.9%), plank-to-fatigue (2.2% vs. 43.8%), the number of taps in the supra-postural task (−0.7% vs. −7.7%), handgrip force production in the dominant (−6.7% vs. −12.7%) and contralateral hand (+4.7% vs. +7.7%), and in shoulder endurance (−15s vs. −56s). An increase of 38.2% in salivary cortisol concentration between the midday (1.31 nmol/l) and afternoon session (1.81 nmol/l) was observed with manual impaction. After using automated impaction, salivary cortisol concentration decreased (−51.2%). Manual broaching time was on average 6′20’’ versus 7’3’’ with automated impaction. RULA of manual impaction scored 6 for cup impaction and 5 for femoral broaching, versus 3 and 3 for automated impaction, respectively. REBA of manual impaction scored 9 for cup impaction and 5 for femoral broaching, versus 4 and 3 for automated impaction, respectively. Automated impaction lowers surgeons’ cognitive and physical
Summary Statement. Tendon micromechanics were investigated using 2 methods. When collagen deformation was measured directly, higher levels of inter-fibre sliding were observed than when tenocyte nuclei were tracked. This suggests that under high strain tenocytes become unattached from the collagen fibres. Introduction. Fibre extension and inter-fibre sliding have both been reported during tendon extension, but fibre sliding is believed to be the predominant mechanism in normal healthy tendon function.
One method of reducing intra-operative complications in revision hip surgery is the cement-in-cement technique. Some concern exists regarding the retention of the existing
Representative pre-clinical analysis is essential to ensure that novel prosthesis concepts offer an improvement over the state-of-the-art. Proposed designs must, fundamentally, be assessed against cyclic loads representing common daily activities [Bergmann 2001] to ensure that they will withstand conceivable in-vivo loading conditions.
Background and purpose: Back injury is a common complaint amongst rowers. With long training hours muscle
Introduction: The regulation of balance during upright standing involves continuous muscular activity, associated with body sway. In single stance standing, the base of support is narrower compared to double stance, resulting in an increased body sway and emphasizing the role of individual muscles in regulating the sway motion. In this study, we investigated the effect of Tibialis Anterior (TA)
Background: Neck pain is a growing problem which is linked to occupational factors that include work above shoulder height or sustained neck flexion. These activities may induce