Objectives. There are several reports clarifying successful results following
open reduction using Ludloff’s medial approach for
We studied the effect of trochanteric osteotomy in 192 total hip replacements in 140 patients with
Morphological abnormalities are present in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). We studied and compared the pelvic anatomy and morphology between the affected hemipelvis with the unaffected side in patients with unilateral Crowe type IV DDH using 3D imaging and analysis. A total of 20 patients with unilateral Crowe-IV DDH were included in the study. The contralateral side was considered normal in all patients. A coordinate system based on the sacral base (SB) in a reconstructed pelvic model was established. The pelvic orientations (tilt, rotation, and obliquity) of the affected side were assessed by establishing a virtual anterior pelvic plane (APP). The bilateral coordinates of the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and the centres of hip rotation were established, and parameters concerning size and volume were compared for both sides of the pelvis.Aims
Methods
We have evaluated the results of total hip replacement in patients with
Aims. To our knowledge, no study has compared the long-term results of cemented and hybrid total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) secondary to
Between November 1997 and December 2000 we performed 27 total hip replacements in 22 patients with high
A clinical and radiological study was conducted on 97 total hip replacements performed for
We performed Charnley total hip arthroplasties on 64 patients (71 hips) between 1976 and 1984 for moderate
The term developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)
describes a spectrum of disorders that results in abnormal development
of the hip joint. If not treated successfully in childhood, these
patients may go on to develop hip symptoms and/or secondary osteoarthritis
in adulthood. In this review we describe the altered anatomy encountered
in adults with DDH along with the management options, and the challenges
associated with hip arthroscopy, osteotomies and arthroplasty for
the treatment of DDH in young adults. Cite this article:
The aim of this study was to investigate the
incidence of dysplasia in the ‘normal’ contralateral hip in patients
with unilateral developmental dislocation of the hip (DDH) and to
evaluate the long-term prognosis of such hips. A total of 48 patients
(40 girls and eight boys) were treated for late-detected unilateral
DDH between 1958 and 1962. After preliminary skin traction, closed
reduction was achieved at a mean age of 17.8 months (4 to 65) in
all except one patient who needed open reduction. In 25 patients
early derotation femoral osteotomy of the contralateral hip had been
undertaken within three years of reduction, and later surgery in
ten patients. Radiographs taken during childhood and adulthood were
reviewed. The mean age of the patients was 50.9 years (43 to 55)
at the time of the latest radiological review. In all, eight patients (17%) developed dysplasia of the contralateral
hip, defined as a centre-edge (CE) angle <
20° during childhood
or at skeletal maturity. Six of these patients underwent surgery
to improve cover of the femoral head; the dysplasia improved in
two after varus femoral osteotomy and in two after an acetabular
shelf operation. During long-term follow-up the dysplasia deteriorated
to subluxation in two patients (CE angles 4° and 5°, respectively)
who both developed osteoarthritis (OA), and one of these underwent
total hip replacement at the age of 49 years. In conclusion, the long-term prognosis for the contralateral
hip was relatively good, as OA occurred in only two hips (4%) at
a mean follow-up of 50 years. Regular review of the ‘normal’ side
is indicated, and corrective surgery should be undertaken in those
who develop subluxation. Cite this article:
Our study evaluated the reliability of the Crowe and Hartofilakidis classification systems for developmental dysplasia of the hip in adults. The anteroposterior radiographs of the pelvis of 145 patients with 209 osteoarthritic hips were examined twice by three experienced hip surgeons from three European countries and the abnormal hips were rated using both classifications. The inter- and intra-observer agreement was calculated. Interobserver reliability was evaluated using weighted and unweighted kappa coefficients and for the Crowe classification, among the three pairs there was a minimum kappa coefficient with linear weighting of 0.90 for observers A and C and a maximum kappa coefficient of 0.92 for observers B and C. For the Hartofilakidis classification, the minimum kappa value was 0.85 for observers A and B, and the maximum value was 0.93 for observers B and C. With regard to intra-observer reliability, the kappa coefficients with linear weighting between the two evaluations of the same observer ranged between 0.86 and 0.95 for the Crowe classification and between 0.80 and 0.93 for the Hartofilakidis classification. The reliability of both systems was substantial to almost perfect both for serial measurements by individual readers and between different readers, although the information offered was dissimilar.
Limited implant survival due to aseptic cup loosening is most commonly responsible for revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). Advances in implant designs and materials have been crucial in addressing those challenges. Vitamin E-infused highly cross-linked polyethylene (VEPE) promises strong wear resistance, high oxidative stability, and superior mechanical strength. Although VEPE monoblock cups have shown good mid-term performance and excellent wear patterns, long-term results remain unclear. This study evaluated migration and wear patterns and clinical and radiological outcomes at a minimum of ten years’ follow-up. This prospective observational study investigated 101 cases of primary THA over a mean duration of 129 months (120 to 149). At last follow-up, 57 cases with complete clinical and radiological outcomes were evaluated. In all cases, the acetabular component comprised an uncemented titanium particle-coated VEPE monoblock cup. Patients were assessed clinically and radiologically using the Harris Hip Score, visual analogue scale (pain and satisfaction), and an anteroposterior radiograph. Cup migration and polyethylene wear were measured using Einzel-Bild-Röntgen-Analyze software. All complications and associated treatments were documented until final follow-up.Aims
Methods
Metal-on-metal hip resurfacing (MoM-HR) has seen decreased usage due to safety and longevity concerns. Joint registries have highlighted the risks in females, smaller hips, and hip dysplasia. This study aimed to identify if reported risk factors are linked to revision in a long-term follow-up of MoM-HR performed by a non-designer surgeon. A retrospective review of consecutive MoM hip arthroplasties (MoM-HRAs) using Birmingham Hip Resurfacing was conducted. Data on procedure side, indication, implant sizes and orientation, highest blood cobalt and chromium ion concentrations, and all-cause revision were collected from local and UK National Joint Registry records.Aims
Methods
The aims of the study were to report for a cohort aged younger than 40 years: 1) indications for HRA; 2) patient-reported outcomes in terms of the modified Harris Hip Score (HHS); 3) dislocation rate; and 4) revision rate. This retrospective analysis identified 267 hips from 224 patients who underwent an hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA) from a single fellowship-trained surgeon using the direct lateral approach between 2007 and 2019. Inclusion criteria was minimum two-year follow-up, and age younger than 40 years. Patients were followed using a prospectively maintained institutional database.Aims
Methods
This study was designed to develop a model for predicting bone mineral density (BMD) loss of the femur after total hip arthroplasty (THA) using artificial intelligence (AI), and to identify factors that influence the prediction. Additionally, we virtually examined the efficacy of administration of bisphosphonate for cases with severe BMD loss based on the predictive model. The study included 538 joints that underwent primary THA. The patients were divided into groups using unsupervised time series clustering for five-year BMD loss of Gruen zone 7 postoperatively, and a machine-learning model to predict the BMD loss was developed. Additionally, the predictor for BMD loss was extracted using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). The patient-specific efficacy of bisphosphonate, which is the most important categorical predictor for BMD loss, was examined by calculating the change in predictive probability when hypothetically switching between the inclusion and exclusion of bisphosphonate.Aims
Methods
Although there are various pelvic osteotomies for acetabular dysplasia of the hip, shelf operations offer effective and minimally invasive osteotomy. Our study aimed to assess outcomes following modified Spitzy shelf acetabuloplasty. Between November 2000 and December 2016, we retrospectively evaluated 144 consecutive hip procedures in 122 patients a minimum of five years after undergoing modified Spitzy shelf acetabuloplasty for acetabular dysplasia including osteoarthritis (OA). Our follow-up rate was 92%. The mean age at time of surgery was 37 years (13 to 58), with a mean follow-up of 11 years (5 to 21). Advanced OA (Tönnis grade ≥ 2) was present preoperatively in 16 hips (11%). The preoperative lateral centre-edge angle ranged from -28° to 25°. Survival was determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis, using conversions to total hip arthroplasty as the endpoint. Risk factors for joint space narrowing less than 2 mm were analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model.Aims
Methods
A significant reduction in wear at five and ten years was previously reported when comparing Durasul highly cross-linked polyethylene with nitrogen-sterilized Sulene polyethylene in total hip arthroplasty (THA). We investigated whether the improvement observed at the earlier follow-up continued, resulting in decreased osteolysis and revision surgery rates over the second decade. Between January 1999 and December 2001, 90 patients underwent surgery using the same acetabular and femoral components with a 28 mm metallic femoral head and either a Durasul or Sulene liner. A total of 66 hips of this prospective randomized study were available for a minimum follow-up of 20 years. The linear femoral head penetration rate was measured at six weeks, one year, and annually thereafter, using the Dorr method on digitized radiographs with a software package.Aims
Methods
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a complex musculoskeletal disease that occurs mostly in children. This study aimed to investigate the molecular changes in the hip joint capsule of patients with DDH. High-throughput sequencing was used to identify genes that were differentially expressed in hip joint capsules between healthy controls and DDH patients. Biological assays including cell cycle, viability, apoptosis, immunofluorescence, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and western blotting were performed to determine the roles of the differentially expressed genes in DDH pathology.Aims
Methods
The main aims were to identify risk factors predictive of a radiolucent line (RLL) around the acetabular component with an interface bioactive bone cement (IBBC) technique in the first year after THA, and evaluate whether these risk factors influence the development of RLLs at five and ten years after THA. A retrospective review was undertaken of 980 primary cemented THAs in 876 patients using cemented acetabular components with the IBBC technique. The outcome variable was any RLLs that could be observed around the acetabular component at the first year after THA. Univariate analyses with univariate logistic regression and multivariate analyses with exact logistic regression were performed to identify risk factors for any RLLs based on radiological classification of hip osteoarthritis.Aims
Methods
We report the results at a mean of 24.3 years
(20 to 32) of 61 previously reported consecutive total hip replacements carried
out on 44 patients with severe
We have reviewed 54 patients who had undergone 61 total hip replacements using bulk femoral autografts to augment a
We present the clinical and radiological results at a minimum follow-up of 20 years using a second-generation uncemented total hip arthroplasty (THA). These results are compared to our previously published results using a first-generation hip arthroplasty followed for 20 years. A total of 62 uncemented THAs in 60 patients were performed between 1993 and 1994. The titanium femoral component used in all cases was a Taperloc with a reduced distal stem. The acetabular component was a fully porous coated threaded hemispheric titanium shell (T-Tap ST). The outcome of every femoral and acetabular component with regard to retention or revision was determined for all 62 THAs. Complete clinical follow-up at a minimum of 20 years was obtained on every living patient. Radiological follow-up was obtained on all but one.Aims
Methods
We investigated the variables which determine the outcome after triple osteotomy of the pelvis for the treatment of
Tranexamic acid (TXA) has been shown to reduce blood loss and transfusion requirements in patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery. There remains a lack of prospective evidence for the use of TXA in patients undergoing periacetabular osteotomy (PAO). The purpose of this study was to determine if intravenous (IV) TXA is effective in reducing calculated blood loss and transfusions after PAO. This was a single-centre prospective double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial of 81 patients aged 12 to 45 years undergoing elective PAO by a single surgeon. The intervention group (n = 40) received two doses of IV TXA of a maximum 1 g in each dose; the control group (n = 41) received two doses of 50 ml 0.9% saline IV. The primary outcome was perioperative calculated blood loss. Secondary outcomes included allogenic transfusions and six-week postoperative complications.Aims
Methods
We implanted 300 uncoated cementless PM prostheses into 271 patients and followed 251 (92.6%) of them for four to seven years. By then 37 had already been revised for aseptic and three for septic loosening. The survival rate with implant failure as the endpoint was 88.8% for the cup and 85.3% for the stem after six years. There was a higher risk of implant loosening in
We studied the rates of revision for 53 698 primary total hip replacements (THRs) in nine different groups of disease. Factors which have previously been shown to be associated with increased risk of revision, such as male gender, young age, or certain types of uncemented prosthesis, showed important differences between the diagnostic groups. Without adjustment for these factors we observed an increased risk of revision in patients with paediatric hip diseases and in a small heterogeneous ‘other’ group, compared with patients with primary osteoarthritis. Most differences were reduced or disappeared when an adjustment for the prognostic factors was made. After adjustment, an increased relative risk (RR) of revision compared with primary osteoarthritis was seen in hips with complications after fracture of the femoral neck (RR = 1.3, p = 0.0005), in hips with
We previously reported the long-term results of the cementless Duraloc-Profile total hip arthroplasty (THA) system in a 12- to 15-year follow-up study. In this paper, we provide an update on the clinical and radiological results of a previously reported cohort of patients at 23 to 26 years´ follow-up. Of the 99 original patients (111 hips), 73 patients (82 hips) with a mean age of 56.8 years (21 to 70) were available for clinical and radiological study at a minimum follow-up of 23 years. There were 40 female patients (44 hips) and 33 male patients (38 hips).Aims
Patients and Methods
To determine the effect of a change in design of a cementless
ceramic acetabular component in fixation and clinical outcome after
total hip arthroplasty We compared 342 hips (302 patients) operated between 1999 and
2005 with a relatively smooth hydroxyapatite coated acetabular component
(group 1), and 337 hips (310 patients) operated between 2006 and
2011 using a similar acetabular component with a macrotexture on
the entire outer surface of the component (group 2). The mean age of
the patients was 53.5 (14 to 70) in group 1 and 53.0 (15 to 70)
in group 2. The mean follow-up was 12.7 years (10 to 17) for group
1 and 7.2 years (4 to 10) for group 2.Aims
Patients and Methods
We analyzed the acetabular morphology of Crowe type IV hips using CT data to identify a landmark for the ideal placement of the centre of the acetabular component, as assessed by morphometric geometrical analysis, and its reliability. A total of 52 Crowe IV hips (42 patients; seven male, 35 female; mean age 68.5 years (32 to 82)) and 50 normal hips (50 patients; eight male, 42 female; mean age 60.7 years (34 to 86)) undergoing total hip arthroplasty were retrospectively identified. In this CT-based simulation study, the acetabular component was positioned at the true acetabulum with a radiological inclination of 40° and anteversion of 20°. Acetabular shape and the position of the centre of the acetabular component were analyzed by morphometric geometrical analysis using the generalized Procrustes analysis.Aims
Patients and Methods
The purpose of this study was to evaluate spinopelvic mechanics from standing and sitting positions in subjects with and without femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). We hypothesize that FAI patients will experience less flexion at the lumbar spine and more flexion at the hip whilst changing from standing to sitting positions than subjects without FAI. This increase in hip flexion may contribute to symptomatology in FAI. Male subjects were prospectively enrolled to the study (n = 20). Mean age was 31 years old (22 to 41). All underwent clinical examination, plain radiographs, and dynamic imaging using EOS. Subjects were categorized into three groups: non-FAI (no radiographic or clinical FAI or pain), asymptomatic FAI (radiographic and clinical FAI but no pain), and symptomatic FAI (patients with both pain and radiographic FAI). FAI was defined as internal rotation less than 15° and alpha angle greater than 60°. Subjects underwent standing and sitting radiographs in order to measure spine and femoroacetabular flexion.Aims
Patients and Methods
The aim of this study was to report the initial results of the
Exeter V40 stem, which became available in 2000. A total of 540 total hip arthroplasties (THAs) were performed
in our unit using this stem between December 2000 and May 2002.
Our routine protocol is to review patients postoperatively and at
one, five, and ten years following surgery.Aims
Patients and Methods
Fretting and corrosion at the modular head/neck junction, known
as trunnionosis, in total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a cause of adverse
reaction to metal debris (ARMD). We describe the outcome of revision
of metal-on-polyethylene (MoP) THA for ARMD due to trunnionosis
with emphasis on the risk of major complications. A total of 36 patients with a MoP THA who underwent revision
for ARMD due to trunnionosis were identified. Three were excluded
as their revision had been to another metal head. The remaining
33 were revised to a ceramic head with a titanium sleeve. We describe
the presentation, revision findings, and risk of complications in
these patients.Aims
Patients and Methods
The primary aim of this study was to define and quantify three
new measurements to indicate the position of the greater trochanter.
Secondary aims were to define ‘functional antetorsion’ as it relates
to abductor function in populations both with and without torsional
abnormality. Three new measurements, functional antetorsion, posterior tilt,
and posterior translation of the greater trochanter, were assessed
from 61 CT scans of cadaveric femurs, and their reliability determined.
These measurements and their relationships were also evaluated in
three groups of patients: a control group (n = 22), a ‘high-antetorsion’ group
(n = 22) and a ‘low-antetorsion’ group (n = 10).Aims
Patients and Methods
Patients with neuromuscular imbalance who require
total hip arthroplasty (THA) present particular technical problems
due to altered anatomy, abnormal bone stock, muscular imbalance
and problems of rehabilitation. In this systematic review, we studied articles dealing with THA
in patients with neuromuscular imbalance, published before April
2017. We recorded the demographics of the patients and the type
of neuromuscular pathology, the indication for surgery, surgical
approach, concomitant soft-tissue releases, the type of implant
and bearing, pain and functional outcome as well as complications
and survival. Recent advances in THA technology allow for successful outcomes
in these patients. Our review suggests excellent benefits for pain
relief and good functional outcome might be expected with a modest
risk of complication. Cite this article:
We carried out a further study of the long-term results of the
cemented Exeter femoral component in patients under the age of 40
with a mean follow-up of 13.6 years (10 to 20). We reviewed our original cohort of 104 cemented Exeter stems
in 78 consecutive patients with a mean age of 31 years (16 to 39).
Only one patient was lost to radiological follow-up.Aims
Patients and Methods
The purpose of this study was to compare the thickness of the hip capsule in patients with surgical hip disease, either with cam-femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) or non-FAI hip pathology, with that of asymptomatic control hips. A total of 56 hips in 55 patients underwent a 3Tesla MRI of the hip. These included 40 patients with 41 hips with arthroscopically proven hip disease (16 with cam-FAI; nine men, seven women; mean age 39 years, 22 to 58) and 25 with non-FAI chondrolabral pathology (four men, 21 women; mean age 40 years, 18 to 63) as well as 15 asymptomatic volunteers, whose hips served as controls (ten men, five women; mean age 62 years, 33 to 77). The maximal capsule thickness was measured anteriorly and superiorly, and compared within and between the three groups with a gender subanalysis using student’s Objectives
Methods
The acetabular labrum is a soft-tissue structure
which lines the acetabular rim of the hip joint. Its role in hip
joint biomechanics and joint health has been of particular interest
over the past decade. In normal hip joint biomechanics, the labrum
is crucial in retaining a layer of pressurised intra-articular fluid
for joint lubrication and load support/distribution. Its seal around
the femoral head is further regarded as a contributing to hip stability through
its suction effect. The labrum itself is also important in increasing
contact area thereby reducing contact stress. Given the labrum’s
role in normal hip joint biomechanics, surgical techniques for managing
labral damage are continuously evolving as our understanding of
its anatomy and function continue to progress. The current paper
aims to review the anatomy and biomechanical function of the labrum
and how they are affected by differing surgical techniques. Take home message: The acetabular labrum plays a critical role
in hip function and maintaining and restoring its function during
surgical intervention remain an essential goal. Cite this article:
Hip arthroscopy in the setting of hip dysplasia is controversial in the orthopaedic community, as the outcome literature has been variable and inconclusive. We hypothesise that outcomes of hip arthroscopy may be diminished in the setting of hip dysplasia, but outcomes may be acceptable in milder or borderline cases of hip dysplasia. A systematic search was performed in duplicate for studies investigating the outcome of hip arthroscopy in the setting of hip dysplasia up to July 2015. Study parameters including sample size, definition of dysplasia, outcomes measures, and re-operation rates were obtained. Furthermore, the levels of evidence of studies were collected and quality assessment was performed.Objective
Methods
Sagittal alignment of the lumbosacral spine, and specifically pelvic incidence (PI), has been implicated in the development of spine pathology, but generally ignored with regards to diseases of the hip. We aimed to determine if increased PI is correlated with higher rates of hip osteoarthritis (HOA). The effect of PI on the development of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) was used as a negative control. We studied 400 well-preserved cadaveric skeletons ranging from 50 to 79 years of age at death. Each specimen’s OA of the hip and knee were graded using a previously described method. PI was measured from standardised lateral photographs of reconstructed pelvises. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between age and PI with HOA and KOA.Objectives
Methods
A total of 31 patients, (20 women, 11 men; mean
age 62.5 years old; 23 to 81), who underwent conversion of a Girdlestone
resection-arthroplasty (RA) to a total hip replacement (THR) were
compared with 93 patients, (60 women, 33 men; mean age 63.4 years
old; 20 to 89), who had revision THR surgery for aseptic loosening
in a retrospective matched case-control study. Age, gender and the
extent of the pre-operative bone defect were similar in all patients.
Mean follow-up was 9.3 years (5 to 18). Pre-operative function and range of movement were better in the
control group (p = 0.01 and 0.003, respectively) and pre-operative
leg length discrepancy (LLD) was greater in the RA group (p <
0.001). The post-operative clinical outcome was similar in both
groups except for mean post-operative LLD, which was greater in
the study group (p = 0.003). There was a significant interaction
effect for LLD in the study group (p <
0.001). A two-way analysis
of variance showed that clinical outcome depended on patient age
(patients older than 70 years old had worse pre-operative pain,
p = 0.017) or bone defect (patients with a large acetabular bone
defect had higher LLD, p = 0.006, worse post-operative function
p = 0.009 and range of movement, p = 0.005), irrespective of the
group. Despite major acetabular and femoral bone defects requiring complex
surgical reconstruction techniques, THR after RA shows a clinical
outcome similar to those obtained in aseptic revision surgery for
hips with similar sized bone defects. Cite this article:
The primary purpose of this study of metal-on-metal
(MoM) hip resurfacing was to compare the effect of using a cementless
or cemented femoral component on the subsequent bone mineral density
(BMD) of the femoral neck. This was a single-centre, prospective, double-blinded control
trial which randomised 120 patients (105 men and 15 women) with
a mean age of 49.4 years (21 to 68) to receive either a cemented
or cementless femoral component. Follow-up was to two years. Outcome
measures included total and six-point region-of-interest BMD of
the femoral neck, radiological measurements of acetabular inclination,
neck-shaft and stem-shaft angles, and functional outcome scores
including the Harris hip score, the Western Ontario and McMaster
Universities Osteoarthritis Index and the University of California
at Los Angeles activity scale. In total, 17 patients were lost to follow-up leaving 103 patients
at two years. There were no revisions in the cementless group and
three revisions (5%) in the cemented group (two because of hip pain
and one for pseudotumour). The total BMD was significantly higher in the cementless group
at six months (p <
0.001) and one year (p = 0.01) than in the
cemented group, although there was a loss of statistical significance
in the difference at two years (p = 0.155). All patient outcomes improved significantly: there were no significant
differences between the two groups. The results show better preservation of femoral neck BMD with
a cementless femoral component after two years of follow-up. Further
investigation is needed to establish whether this translates into
improved survivorship. Cite this article:
It has recently been reported that the transverse
acetabular ligament (TAL) is helpful in determining the position
of the acetabular component in total hip replacement (THR). In this
study we used a computer-assisted navigation system to determine
whether the TAL is useful as a landmark in THR. The study was carried
out in 121 consecutive patients undergoing primary THR (134 hips),
including 67 dysplastic hips (50%). There were 26 men (29 hips)
and 95 women (105 hips) with a mean age of 60.2 years (17 to 82)
at the time of operation. After identification of the TAL, its anteversion
was measured intra-operatively by aligning the inferomedial rim
of the trial acetabular component with the TAL using computer-assisted
navigation. The TAL was identified in 112 hips (83.6%). Intra-observer reproducibility
in the measurement of anteversion of the TAL was high, but inter-observer
reproducibility was moderate. Each surgeon was able to align the trial component according
to the target value of the angle of anteversion of the TAL, but
it was clear that methods may differ among surgeons. Of the measurements
of the angle of anteversion of the TAL, 5.4% (6 of 112 hips) were
outliers from the safe zone. In summary, we found that the TAL is useful as a landmark when
implanting the acetabular component within the safe zone in almost
all hips, and to prevent it being implanted in retroversion in all
hips, including dysplastic hips. However, as anteversion of the
TAL may be excessive in a few hips, it is advisable to pay attention
to individual variations, particularly in those with severe posterior
pelvic tilt. Cite this article:
The long-term survival of the cementless Spotorno
CLS femoral component in patients aged >
50 years at the time of
arthroplasty was investigated. Survivorship analysis of a consecutive
series of 85 patients (100 hips; under 50 years of age at a mean
follow-up of 18.4 years (16.3 to 20.8)) was performed. The clinical
and radiographic outcomes were satisfactory. The overall rate of
survival of the femoral component was 93.5% (95% confidence interval
(CI), 90.9 to 96.1) after 19 years. Survival with revision for aseptic
loosening as the end point was 95.7% (95% CI 93.6 to 97.8%) at 19
years. This study demonstrates an excellent long-term survival of the
Spotorno CLS femoral component after 16 to 20 years in young patients
undergoing total hip arthroplasty. Cite this article:
Despite the worldwide usage of the cemented Contemporary
acetabular component (Stryker), no published data are available
regarding its use in patients aged <
50 years. We undertook a
mid- to long-term follow-up study, including all consecutive patients
aged
<
50 years who underwent a primary total hip replacement using
the Contemporary acetabular component with the Exeter cemented stem
between January 1999 and January 2006. There were 152 hips in 126
patients, 61 men and 65 women, mean age at surgery 37.6 years (16
to 49 yrs). One patient was lost to follow-up. Mean clinical follow-up of all implants was 7.6 years (0.9 to
12.0). All clinical questionnaire scores, including Harris hip score,
Oxford hip score and several visual analogue scales, were found
to have improved. The eight year survivorship of all acetabular
components for the endpoints revision for any reason or revision
for aseptic loosening was 94.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 89.2
to 97.2) and 96.4% (95% CI 91.6 to 98.5), respectively. Radiological follow-up
was complete for 146 implants. The eight year survival for the endpoint
radiological loosening was 93.1% (95% CI 86.2 to 96.6). Three surviving
implants were considered radiologically loose but were asymptomatic.
The presence of acetabular osteolysis (n = 17, 11.8%) and radiolucent
lines (n = 20, 13.9%) in the 144 surviving cups indicates a need
for continued observation in the second decade of follow-up in order
to observe their influence on long-term survival. The clinical and radiological data resulting in a ten-year survival
rate >
90% in young patients support the use of the Contemporary
acetabular component in this specific patient group. Cite this article:
A retrospective study was conducted to investigate
the changes in metal ion levels in a consecutive series of Birmingham
Hip Resurfacings (BHRs) at a minimum ten-year follow-up. We reviewed
250 BHRs implanted in 232 patients between 1998 and 2001. Implant
survival, clinical outcome (Harris hip score), radiographs and serum chromium
(Cr) and cobalt (Co) ion levels were assessed. Of 232 patients, 18 were dead (five bilateral BHRs), 15 lost
to follow-up and ten had been revised. The remaining 202 BHRs in
190 patients (136 men and 54 women; mean age at surgery 50.5 years
(17 to 76)) were evaluated at a minimum follow-up of ten years (mean
10.8 years (10 to 13.6)). The overall implant survival at 13.2 years
was 92.4% (95% confidence interval 90.8 to 94.0). The mean Harris
hip score was 97.7 (median 100; 65 to 100). Median and mean ion
levels were low for unilateral resurfacings (Cr: median 1.3 µg/l,
mean
1.95 µg/l (<
0.5 to 16.2); Co: median 1.0 µg/l, mean 1.62 µg/l
(<
0.5 to 17.3)) and bilateral resurfacings (Cr: median 3.2 µg/l,
mean 3.46 µg/l (<
0.5 to 10.0); Co: median 2.3 µg/l, mean 2.66
µg/l (<
0.5 to 9.5)). In 80 unilateral BHRs with sequential ion
measurements, Cr and Co levels were found to decrease significantly
(p <
0.001) from the initial assessment at a median of six years
(4 to 8) to the last assessment at a median of 11 years (9 to 13),
with a mean reduction of 1.24 µg/l for Cr and 0.88 µg/l for Co.
Three female patients had a >
2.5 µg/l increase of Co ions, associated with
head sizes ≤ 50 mm, clinical symptoms and osteolysis. Overall, there
was no significant difference in change of ion levels between genders
(Cr, p = 0.845; Co, p = 0.310) or component sizes (Cr, p = 0.505;
Co, p = 0.370). Higher acetabular component inclination angles correlated
with greater change in ion levels (Cr, p = 0.013; Co, p = 0.002).
Patients with increased ion levels had lower Harris hip scores (p
= 0.038). In conclusion, in well-functioning BHRs the metal ion levels
decreased significantly at ten years. An increase >
2.5 µg/l was
associated with poor function. Cite this article:
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the femoral
head–neck contour, characterised by the alpha angle, varies with
the stage of physeal maturation using MRI evaluation of an asymptomatic
paediatric population. Paediatric volunteers with asymptomatic hips were recruited to
undergo MRI of both hips. Femoral head physes were graded from 1
(completely open) to 6 (completely fused). The femoral head–neck
contour was evaluated using the alpha angle, measured at the 3:00
(anterior) and 1:30 (anterosuperior) positions and correlated with
physeal grade, with gender sub-analysis performed.Objectives
Methods
Peripheral nerve injury is an uncommon but serious
complication of hip surgery that can adversely affect the outcome.
Several studies have described the use of electromyography and intra-operative
sensory evoked potentials for early warning of nerve injury. We
assessed the results of multimodal intra-operative monitoring during
complex hip surgery. We retrospectively analysed data collected
between 2001 and 2010 from 69 patients who underwent complex hip
surgery by a single surgeon using multimodal intra-operative monitoring
from a total pool of 7894 patients who underwent hip surgery during
this period. In 24 (35%) procedures the surgeon was alerted to a
possible lesion to the sciatic and/or femoral nerve. Alerts were
observed most frequently during peri-acetabular osteotomy. The surgeon
adapted his approach based on interpretation of the neurophysiological changes.
From 69 monitored surgical procedures, there was only one true positive
case of post-operative nerve injury. There were no false positives
or false negatives, and the remaining 68 cases were all true negative.
The sensitivity for predicting post-operative nerve injury was 100%
and the specificity 100%. We conclude that it is possible and appropriate
to use this method during complex hip surgery and it is effective
for alerting the surgeon to the possibility of nerve injury.
Degenerative problems of the hip in patients
with childhood and adult onset neuromuscular disorders can be challenging
to treat. Many orthopaedic surgeons are reluctant to recommend total
hip replacement (THR) for patients with underlying neuromuscular
disorders due to the perceived increased risks of dislocation, implant loosening,
and lack of information about the functional outcomes and potential
benefits of these procedures in these patients. Modular femoral
components and alternative bearings which facilitate the use of
large femoral heads, constrained acetabular components and perhaps
more importantly, a better understanding about the complications
and outcomes of THR in the patient with neuromuscular disorders,
make this option viable. This paper will review the current literature
and our experience with THR in the more frequently encountered neuromuscular
disorders. Cite this article:
Revision total hip replacement (THR) for young
patients is challenging because of technical complexity and the potential
need for subsequent further revisions. We have assessed the survivorship,
functional outcome and complications of this procedure in patients
aged <
50 years through a large longitudinal series with consistent treatment
algorithms. Of 132 consecutive patients (181 hips) who underwent
revision THR, 102 patients (151 hips) with a mean age of 43 years
(22 to 50) were reviewed at a mean follow-up of 11 years (2 to 26)
post-operatively. We attempted to restore bone stock with allograft
where indicated. Using further revision for any reason as an end point,
the survival of the acetabular component was 71% ( This overall perspective on the mid- to long-term results is
valuable when advising young patients on the prospects of revision
surgery at the time of primary replacement. Cite this article:
We retrospectively examined the long-term outcome of 96 asymptomatic hips in 96 patients with a mean age of 49.3 years (16 to 65) who had radiological evidence of femoroacetabular impingement. When surveillance commenced there were 17, 34, and 45 hips with cam, pincer, and mixed impingement, respectively. Overall, 79 hips (82.3%) remained free of osteoarthritis for a mean of 18.5 years (10 to 40). In contrast, 17 hips (17.7%) developed osteoarthritis at a mean of 12 years (2 to 28). No statistically significant difference was found in the rates of development of osteoarthritis among the three groups (p = 0.43). Regression analysis showed that only the presence of idiopathic osteoarthritis of the contralateral diseased hip was predictive of development of osteoarthritis on the asymptomatic side (p = 0.039). We conclude that a substantial proportion of hips with femoroacetabular impingement may not develop osteoarthritis in the long-term. Accordingly, in the absence of symptoms, prophylactic surgical treatment is not warranted.