This study aimed to explore the biological and clinical importance of dysregulated key genes in osteoarthritis (OA) patients at the cartilage level to find potential biomarkers and targets for diagnosing and treating OA. Six sets of gene expression profiles were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differential expression analysis, weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), and multiple machine-learning algorithms were used to screen crucial genes in osteoarthritic cartilage, and genome enrichment and functional annotation analyses were used to decipher the related categories of gene function. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis was performed to analyze immune cell infiltration. Correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship among the hub genes and immune cells, as well as markers related to articular cartilage degradation and bone mineralization.Aims
Methods
Access to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is sometimes restricted for patients with severe obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2). This study compares the cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) associated with TKA in patients with a BMI above and below 40 kg/m2 to examine whether this is supported. This single-centre study compared 169 consecutive patients with severe obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) (mean age 65.2 years (40 to 87); mean BMI 44.2 kg/m2 (40 to 66); 129/169 female) undergoing unilateral TKA to a propensity score matched (age, sex, preoperative Oxford Knee Score (OKS)) cohort with a BMI < 40 kg/m2 in a 1:1 ratio. Demographic data, comorbidities, and complications to one year were recorded. Preoperative and one-year patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were completed: EuroQol five-dimension three-level questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L), OKS, pain, and satisfaction. Using national life expectancy data with obesity correction and the 2020 NHS National Tariff, QALYs (discounted at 3.5%), and direct medical costs accrued over a patient’s lifetime, were calculated. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) was used to model variation in cost/QALY for each cohort across 1,000 simulations.Aims
Methods
A significant percentage of patients remain dissatisfied after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The aim of this study was to determine whether the sequential addition of accelerometer-based navigation for femoral component preparation and sensor-guided ligament balancing improved complication rates, radiological alignment, or patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) compared with a historical control group using conventional instrumentation. This retrospective cohort study included 371 TKAs performed by a single surgeon sequentially. A historical control group, with the use of intramedullary guides for distal femoral resection and surgeon-guided ligament balancing, was compared with a group using accelerometer-based navigation for distal femoral resection and surgeon-guided balancing (group 1), and one using navigated femoral resection and sensor-guided balancing (group 2). Primary outcome measures were Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome (KOOS) scores measured preoperatively and at six weeks and 12 months postoperatively. The position of the components and the mechanical axis of the limb were measured postoperatively. The postoperative range of motion (ROM), haematocrit change, and complications were also recorded.Aims
Methods
This study aims to determine the proportion of patients with end-stage knee osteoarthritis (OA) possibly suitable for partial (PKA) or combined partial knee arthroplasty (CPKA) according to patterns of full-thickness cartilage loss and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) status. A cross-sectional analysis of 300 consecutive patients (mean age 69 years (SD 9.5, 44 to 91), mean body mass index (BMI) 30.6 (SD 5.5, 20 to 53), 178 female (59.3%)) undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for Kellgren-Lawrence grade ≥ 3 knee OA was conducted. The point of maximal tibial bone loss on preoperative lateral radiographs was determined as a percentage of the tibial diameter. At surgery, Lachman’s test and ACL status were recorded. The presence of full-thickness cartilage loss within 16 articular surface regions (two patella, eight femoral, six tibial) was recorded.Aims
Methods
Approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2004, the Phase
III Oxford Medial Partial Knee is used to treat anteromedial osteoarthritis
(AMOA) in patients with an intact anterior cruciate ligament. This
unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is relatively new in the
United States, and therefore long-term American results are lacking. This is a single surgeon, retrospective study based on prospectively
collected data, analysing a consecutive series of primary UKAs using
the Phase III mobile-bearing Oxford Knee and Phase III instrumentation. Between July 2004 and December 2006, the senior author (RHE)
carried out a medial UKA in 173 patients (213 knees) for anteromedial
osteoarthritis or avascular necrosis (AVN). A total of 95 patients were men and 78 were women. Their mean
age at surgery was 67 years (38 to 89) and mean body mass index
29.87 kg/m2 (17 to 62). The mean follow-up was ten years (4 to 11).Aims
Patients and Methods
Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have reported significant association of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs8044769 in the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) with osteoarthritis (OA) risk in European populations. However, these findings have not been confirmed in Chinese populations. We systematically genotyped rs8044769 and evaluated the association between the genetic variants and OA risk in a case-controlled study including 196 OA cases and 442 controls in a northern Chinese population. Genotyping was performed using the Sequenom MassARRAY iPLEX platform.Objectives
Methods
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a cost effective
and extremely successful operation. As longevity increases, the demand
for primary TKA will continue to rise. The success and survivorship
of TKAs are dependent on the demographics of the patient, surgical
technique and implant-related factors. Currently the risk of failure of a TKA requiring revision surgery
ten years post-operatively is 5%. The most common indications for revision include aseptic loosening
(29.8%), infection (14.8%), and pain (9.5%). Revision surgery poses
considerable clinical burdens on patients and financial burdens
on healthcare systems. We present a current concepts review on the epidemiology of failed
TKAs using data from worldwide National Joint Registries. Cite this article:
A national, multi-centre study was designed in
which a questionnaire quantifying the degree of patient satisfaction
and residual symptoms in patients following total knee replacement
(TKR) was administered by an independent, blinded third party survey
centre. A total of 90% of patients reported satisfaction with the
overall functioning of their knee, but 66% felt their knee to be
‘normal’, with the reported incidence of residual symptoms and functional
problems ranging from 33% to 54%. Female patients and patients from
low-income households had increased odds of reporting dissatisfaction.
Neither the use of contemporary implant designs (gender-specific,
high-flex, rotating platform) or custom cutting guides (CCG) with
a neutral mechanical axis target improved patient-perceived outcomes.
However, use of a CCG to perform a so-called kinematically aligned
TKR showed a trend towards more patients reporting their knee to
feel ‘normal’ when compared with a so called mechanically aligned
TKR This data shows a degree of dissatisfaction and residual symptoms
following TKR, and that several recent modifications in implant
design and surgical technique have not improved the current situation. Cite this article:
Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) and
mosaicplasty are methods of treating symptomatic articular cartilage
defects in the knee. This study represents the first long-term randomised
comparison of the two techniques in 100 patients at a minimum follow-up
of ten years. The mean age of the patients at the time of surgery was
31.3 years (16 to 49); the mean duration of symptoms pre-operatively
was 7.2 years (9 months to 20 years). The lesions were large with
the mean size for the ACI group being 440.9 mm2 (100
to 1050) and the mosaicplasty group being 399.6 mm2 (100
to 2000). Patients had a mean of 1.5 previous operations (0 to 4)
to the articular cartilage defect. Patients were assessed using
the modified Cincinnati knee score and the Stanmore-Bentley Functional Rating
system. The number of patients whose repair had failed at ten years
was ten of 58 (17%) in the ACI group and 23 of 42 (55%) in the mosaicplasty
group (p <
0.001). The functional outcome of those patients with a surviving graft
was significantly better in patients who underwent ACI compared
with mosaicplasty (p = 0.02).
Patients with skeletal dysplasia are prone to
developing advanced osteoarthritis of the knee requiring total knee replacement
(TKR) at a younger age than the general population. TKR in this
unique group of patients is a technically demanding procedure owing
to the deformity, flexion contracture, generalised hypotonia and ligamentous
laxity. We retrospectively reviewed the outcome of 11 TKRs performed
in eight patients with skeletal dysplasia at our institution using
the Stanmore Modular Individualised Lower Extremity System (SMILES)
custom-made rotating-hinge TKR. There were three men and five women
with mean age of 57 years (41 to 79). Patients were followed clinically
and radiologically for a mean of seven years (3 to 11.5). The mean
Knee Society clinical and function scores improved from 24 (14 to
36) and 20 (5 to 40) pre-operatively, respectively, to 68 (28 to
80) and 50 (22 to 74), respectively, at final follow-up. Four complications
were recorded, including a patellar fracture following a fall, a
tibial peri-prosthetic fracture, persistent anterior knee pain,
and aseptic loosening of a femoral component requiring revision.
Our results demonstrate that custom primary rotating-hinge TKR in
patients with skeletal dysplasia is effective at relieving pain,
with a satisfactory range of movement and improved function. It compensates
for bony deformity and ligament deficiency and reduces the likelihood
of corrective osteotomy. Patellofemoral joint complications are
frequent and functional outcome is worse than with primary TKR in
the general population.
