Bacterial infection activates neutrophils to release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in bacterial biofilms of periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the increase in NET activation and release (NETosis) and haemostasis markers in the plasma of patients with PJI, to evaluate whether such plasma induces the activation of neutrophils, to ascertain whether increased NETosis is also mediated by reduced DNaseI activity, to explore novel therapeutic interventions for NETosis in PJI in vitro, and to evaluate the potential diagnostic use of these markers. We prospectively recruited 107 patients in the preoperative period of prosthetic surgery, 71 with a suspicion of PJI and 36 who underwent arthroplasty for non-septic indications as controls, and obtained citrated plasma. PJI was confirmed in 50 patients. We measured NET markers, inflammation markers, DNaseI activity, haemostatic markers, and the thrombin generation test (TGT). We analyzed the ability of plasma from confirmed PJI and controls to induce NETosis and to degrade in vitro-generated NETs, and explored the therapeutic restoration of the impairment to degrade NETs of PJI plasma with recombinant human DNaseI. Finally, we assessed the contribution of these markers to the diagnosis of PJI.Aims
Methods
This study explored the shared genetic traits and molecular interactions between postmenopausal osteoporosis (POMP) and sarcopenia, both of which substantially degrade elderly health and quality of life. We hypothesized that these motor system diseases overlap in pathophysiology and regulatory mechanisms. We analyzed microarray data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), machine learning, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis to identify common genetic factors between POMP and sarcopenia. Further validation was done via differential gene expression in a new cohort. Single-cell analysis identified high expression cell subsets, with mononuclear macrophages in osteoporosis and muscle stem cells in sarcopenia, among others. A competitive endogenous RNA network suggested regulatory elements for these genes.Aims
Methods
Salubrinal is a synthetic agent that elevates phosphorylation
of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) and
alleviates stress to the endoplasmic reticulum. Previously, we reported
that in chondrocytes, Salubrinal attenuates expression and activity
of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) through downregulating nuclear
factor kappa B (NFκB) signalling. We herein examine whether Salubrinal
prevents the degradation of articular cartilage in a mouse model
of osteoarthritis (OA). OA was surgically induced in the left knee of female mice. Animal
groups included age-matched sham control, OA placebo, and OA treated
with Salubrinal or Guanabenz. Three weeks after the induction of
OA, immunoblotting was performed for NFκB p65 and p-NFκB p65. At
three and six weeks, the femora and tibiae were isolated and the sagittal
sections were stained with Safranin O.Objectives
Methods
Tendinopathy is a debilitating musculoskeletal
condition which can cause significant pain and lead to complete rupture
of the tendon, which often requires surgical repair. Due in part
to the large spectrum of tendon pathologies, these disorders continue
to be a clinical challenge. Animal models are often used in this
field of research as they offer an attractive framework to examine
the cascade of processes that occur throughout both tendon pathology and
repair. This review discusses the structural, mechanical, and biological
changes that occur throughout tendon pathology in animal models,
as well as strategies for the improvement of tendon healing. Cite this article:
The ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)
to differentiate Despite their increasing application in clinical trials, the
origin and role of MSCs in the development, repair and regeneration
of organs have remained unclear. Until recently, MSCs could only
be isolated in a process that requires culture in a laboratory;
these cells were being used for tissue engineering without understanding
their native location and function. MSCs isolated in this indirect
way have been used in clinical trials and remain the reference standard
cellular substrate for musculoskeletal engineering. The therapeutic
use of autologous MSCs is currently limited by the need for In this annotation we provide an update on the recent developments
in the understanding of the identity of MSCs within tissues and
outline how this may affect their use in orthopaedic surgery in
the future. Cite this article:
Surgical marking during tendon surgery is often used for technical
and teaching purposes. This study investigates the effect of a gentian
violet ink marker pen, a common surgical marker, on the viability
of the tissue and cells of tendon.
Objectives
Methods
