Objectives

To define Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) thresholds for the Oxford hip score (OHS) and Oxford knee score (OKS) at mid-term follow-up.

Meniscal tears are the most common injury in the knee, affecting 66/100,000 people/year. Surgical treatment includes arthroscopic meniscectomy or meniscal repair. Little is known regarding medium-term outcomes following these procedures in isolated meniscal tears. This study aims to quantitatively evaluate patients with meniscal tears, and those who have undergone meniscectomy and meniscal repair using validated patient reported outcome measures (PROMs), further exploring factors which affect surgical outcomes. This observational study screened 334 patients who underwent arthroscopic surgery at South Tyneside Hospital since August 2013. 134 patients with isolated meniscal tears were invited to complete postal PROMs. A combination of patient notes and radiological imaging was used to collect information of interest including age, gender, knee-laterality, injured meniscus, tear pattern, procedure performed, complications, and associated injuries. A total of 115 patients (pre-operative patients with current meniscal tear (n=36), meniscectomy (n=63), meniscal repair (n=16)) were included in the analysis with 96% successful PROM completion. Both meniscectomy and meniscal repairs (mean 55-months follow-up) showed better outcomes than pre-operative patients with meniscal tears. Meniscal repairs demonstrated superior outcomes across all PROMs when compared to meniscectomy, with a greater mean overall KOOS score of 17.2 (p=0.009). Factors including higher pre-operative Kellgren-Lawrence Grade, pre-operative articular cartilage lesions and bilateral meniscectomies were shown to negatively influence outcomes. Both meniscectomy and meniscal repair maintain clinical benefit at mean 55-months follow-up, affirming their use for treatment of meniscal tears. When feasible, meniscal repair should be performed preferentially over meniscectomy in isolated meniscal tears. Identified predictive factors allow adequate treatment stratification in specific patient groups

Dual mobility hip arthroplasty utilizes a freely rotating polyethylene liner to protect against dislocation. As liner motion has not been confirmed in vivo, we investigated the liner kinematics in vivo using dynamic radiostereometry. 16 patients with Anatomical Dual Mobility acetabular components were included. Markers were implanted in the liners using a drill guide. Static RSA recordings and patient reported outcome measures were obtained at post-op and 1-year follow-up. Dynamic RSA recordings were obtained at 1-year follow-up during a passive hip movement: abduction/external rotation, adduction/internal rotation (modified FABER-FADIR), to end-range and at 45° hip flexion. Liner- and neck movements were described as anteversion, inclination and rotation. Liner movement during modified FABER-FADIR was detected in 12 of 16 patients. Median (range) absolute liner movements were: anteversion 10° (5–20), inclination 6° (2–12), and rotation 11° (5–48) relative to the cup. Median absolute changes in the resulting liner/neck angle (small articulation) was 28° (12–46) and liner/cup angle (larger articulation) was 6° (4–21). Static RSA showed changes in median (range) liner anteversion from 7° (-12–23) postoperatively to 10° (-3–16) at 1-year follow-up and inclination from 42 (35–66) postoperatively to 59 (46–80) at 1-year follow-up. Liner/neck contact was associated with high initial liner anteversion (p=0.01). The polyethylene liner moves over time. One year after surgery the liner can move with or without liner/neck contact. The majority of movement is in the smaller articulation between head and liner

In an attempt to alleviate symptoms of the disease, patients with knee osteoarthrosis (KOA) frequently alter their gait patterns. Understanding the underlying pathomechanics and identifying KOA phenotypes is essential for improving treatments. We aimed to investigate altered kinematics in patients with KOA to identify subgroups. Sixty-six patients with symptomatic KOA scheduled for total knee arthroplasty and 12 age-matched healthy volunteers with asymptomatic knees were included. We used k-means to separate the patients based on dynamic radiostereometric assessed knee kinematics. Ligament lesions, KOA score, and clinical outcome were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging, radiographs, and patient reported outcome measures, respectively. We identified four clusters that were supported by clinical characteristics. Compared with the healthy group; The flexion group (n=20): revealed increased flexion, greater adduction, and joint narrowing and consisted primarily of patients with medial KOA. The abduction group (n=17): revealed greater abduction, joint narrowing and included primarily patients with lateral KOA. The anterior draw group (n=10): revealed greater anterior draw, external tibial rotation, lateral tibial shift, adduction, and joint narrowing. This group was composed of patients with medial KOA, some degree of anterior cruciate ligament lesion and the greatest KOA score. The external rotation group (n=19): revealed greater external tibial rotation, lateral tibial shift, adduction, and joint narrowing while no anterior draw was observed. This group included primarily patients with medial collateral and posterior cruciate ligament lesions. Patients with KOA can, based on their gait patterns, be classified into four subgroups, which relate to their clinical characteristics. The findings add to our understanding of associations between disease pathology characteristics in the knee and the pathomechanics in patients with KOA. A next step is to investigate if patients in the pathomechanic clusters have different outcomes following total knee arthroplasty

Open talus fracture are notoriously difficult to manage and they are commonly associated with a high level of complications including non-union, avascular necrosis and infection. Currently, the management of such injuries is based upon BOAST 4 guidelines although there is no suggested definitive management, thus definitive management is based upon surgeon preference. The key principles of open talus fracture management which do not vary between surgeons, however, there is much debate over whether the talus should be preserved or removed after open talus fracture/dislocation and proceeded to tibiocalcaneal fusion. A review of electronic hospital records for open talus fractures from 2014-2021 returned foureen patients with fifteen open talus fractures. Seven cases were initially managed with ORIF, five cases were definitively managed with FUSION, while the others were managed with alternative methods. We collected patient's age, gender, surgical complications, surgical risk factors and post-treatment functional ability and pain and compliance with BOAST guidelines. The average follow-up of the cohort was four years and one month. EQ-5D-5L and FAAM-ADL/Sports score was used as a patient reported outcome measure. Data was analysed using the software PRISM. Comparison between FUSION and ORIF groups showed no statistically significant difference in EQ-5D-5L score (P = 0.13), FAAM-ADL (P = 0.20), FAAM-Sport (P = 0.34), infection rate (P = 0.55), surgical times (P = 0.91) and time to weight bearing (P = 0.39), despite a higher proportion of polytrauma and Hawkins III and IV fractures in the FUSION group. FUSION is typically used as second line to ORIF or failed ORIF. However, there are a lack of studies that directly compared outcome in open talus fracture patients definitively managed with FUSION or ORIF. Our results demonstrate for the first time, that FUSION may not be inferior to ORIF in terms of patient functional outcome, infection rate, and quality-of-life, in the management of patients with open talus fracture patients. Of note, as open talus fractures have increased risks of complications such as osteonecrosis and non-union, FUSION should be considered as a viable option to mitigate these potential complications in these patients

Abstract. Objectives. There is still controversy in the literature over whether Cervical Foraminotomy or Anterior Cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is best for treating cervical Radiculopathy. Numerous studies have focused on the respective complication rates of these procedures and outcome measures with a lack of due consideration to preoperative MRI findings. Proximal foraminal stenosis can theoretically be accessed via either approach. We aimed to investigate whether patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) favoured one approach over the other in patients with proximal foraminal stenosis. Methods. A single centre retrospective review of patients undergoing either ACDF or Cervical foraminotomy over the period 2012 to 2022. VAS, Neck disability index (NDI), EQ5DL and Patient Satisfaction on a Five Point Likert scale were obtained. Patients who had both an ACDF and a Foraminotomy were excluded. Axial MRI images were analysed and the location of the worst clinically relevant disc herniation stratified as follows: Central (1), Paracentral (2) and Foraminal (3). Correlations and average PROMs were analysed in SPSS. Results. PROMs scores were available for 33 ACDF patients and 37 Foraminotomy patients. Average surgery time in ACDF group was 167 minutes while Foraminotomy 142 minutes. Average Length of hospital stay was 6.24 days in the Foraminotomy group and 3.54 days in the ACDF group. 18 patients were excluded due to having both surgeries (2 of which developed CSF leaks postoperatively). Of the included patients there were no postoperative complications. 13 patients in the ACDF had Central or Paracentral stenosis in addition to proximal Foraminal stenosis, 3 patients in the Foraminotomy group had some significant Paracentral herniation just before the Proximal foramen. The majority of patients in both groups had pure proximal Foraminal stenosis (N= 17 (ACDF), 20 (Foraminotomy). The results showed no significant difference in PROMs between patients who received an ACDF or a Foraminotomy for Proximal foraminal stenosis (EQ5DL, NDI, and satisfaction, P= 0.268, 0.253 and 0.327). There was no correlation between location of the stenosis and PROM scores in either group. Conclusions. Our data suggest that Proximal foraminal stenosis can be effectively addressed by either an anterior ACDF or a Foraminotomy with no difference in complication rates. Foraminotomy has the benefit of no implant cost but longer hospital stay. Declaration of Interest. (b) declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported:I declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research project

Abstract. Objectives. Outcomes following different types of surgical intervention for FAI are well reported individually but comparative data is deficient. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis to analyse the outcomes following surgical management of FAI by hip arthroscopy (HA), anterior mini open approach (AMO) and surgical hip dislocation (SHD). Methods. This SR was registered with PROSPERO. An electronic database search of Pubmed, Medline and EMBASE for English and German language articles over the last 20 years was carried out according to the PRISMA guidelines. We specifically analysed and compared changes in patient reported outcome measures PROMs, α-angle, rate of complications, rate of revision and conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA). Results. A total of 48 articles included for final analysis with a total of 4384 hips in 4094 patients. All subgroups showed a significant correction in mean alpha angle post-operatively with a mean change of 28.8° (95% CI, 21°-36.5°; p <0.01) after AMO, 21.1° (95% CI, 15.1°-27°; p <0.01) after SHD and 20.39° (95% CI, 15.66°-25.12°; p <0.01) after HA. AMO group showed a significantly higher increase in PROMs (3.7; 95% CI, 3.2–4.2; p <0.01) versus arthroscopy (2.47; 95% CI, 2.22–2.73; p <0.01) and SHD (2.4; 95% CI, 1.5–3.3; p <0.01). However, the rate of complications following AMO was significantly higher than HA and SHD. Conclusion. All three surgical approaches offered significant improvements in outcomes and radiological correction of cam deformities. All three groups showed similar rates of revision procedures and SHD had the highest rate of conversion to a THA. Revision rates was similar for all three revision procedures

Introduction and Objective. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is used across surgical specialties to reduce perioperative bleeding. It has been shown to be effective in trauma, spinal surgery, and lower limb arthroplasty. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical effectiveness of TXA in all types of shoulder surgery on bleeding and non-bleeding related outcomes. Materials and Methods. This study was registered prospectively on the PROSPERO database (ref: CRD42020185482). A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating intra-operative use of TXA versus placebo in any type of surgery to the shoulder girdle. Electronic databases searched included MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, and the Cochrane Library. Risk of bias within studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias v2.0 tool and Jadad score. Certainty of findings were reported using the GRADE approach. The primary outcome was total blood loss. Secondary outcomes included patient reported outcome measures, adverse events, and rate of blood transfusion. Results. Eight RCTs were included in the systematic review and data from 7 of these studies pooled in the meta-analysis. A total of 708 patients were randomized across the studies (406 received TXA, 302 received placebo). Studies included patients undergoing anatomic or reverse total shoulder arthroplasty, open Latarjet surgery, and arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Pooled analysis demonstrated significant reduction in perioperative bleeding with TXA compared to controls; estimated total blood loss (mean difference [MD], −209.66; 95% CI −389.11 to −30.21; p=0.02), and post-operative blood loss (via drain output) (MD, −84.8ml; 95% CI, −140.04 to −29.56; p=0.003). A mean difference in Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of 2.93 was noted in favour of TXA (95% CI 0.2 to 5.66; p=0.04). Conclusions. Whilst noting some risk of bias within the studies, TXA was effective in reducing blood loss and pain in shoulder surgery. There may be a benefit of TXA use in both open and arthroscopic shoulder procedures. Larger, low risk of bias, RCTs for specific surgical shoulder procedures are required

Introduction and Objective. An important subset of patients is dissatisfied after total joint arthroplasty (TJA) due to residual functional impairment. This study investigated the assessment of objectively measured step-up performance following TJA, to identify patients with poor functional improvement after surgery, and to predict residual functional impairment during early postoperative rehabilitation. Secondary, longitudinal changes of block step-up (BS) transfers were compared with functional changes of subjective patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) following TJA. Materials and Methods. Patients with end stage hip or knee osteoarthritis (n = 76, m/f = 44/32; mean age = 64.4 standard deviation 9.4 years) were measured preoperatively and 3 and 12 months postoperatively. PROMs were assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) function subscore. BS transfers were assessed by wearable-derived measures of time. In our cohort, subgroups were formed based on either 1) WOMAC function score or 2) BS performance, isolating the worst performing quartile (impaired) of each measure from the better performing others (non-impaired). Subgroup comparisons were performed with the Man-Whitney-U test and Wilcoxon Signed rank test resp. Responsiveness was calculated by the effect size, correlations with Pearson's correlation coefficient. A regression analysis was conducted to investigate predictors of poor functional outcome. Results. WOMAC function scores were strongly correlated to WOMAC pain scores (Pearson's r=0.67–0.84) and moderately correlated to BS performance (Pearson's r = 0.31–0.54). Prior to surgery, no significant differences for WOMAC function scores and BS performance were found between the impaired and non-impaired subgroups. One year after TJA, our cohort performed significantly better at WOMAC and BS with largest effect size for the non-impaired subgroups (0.62 and 0.43 resp.) At 12 months postop, 56% of patients allocated to the impaired subgroup defined by WOMAC, represented the impaired subgroup defined by BS. Allocation to the impaired subgroup at 3 months postop, raised the odds for belonging to the impaired subgroup at 12 months for WOMAC with an odds ratio=19.14 (67%) and for BS with an odds ratio=4.41 (42%). Conclusions. Assessment of BS performance following TJA reveals residual functional impairment that is not captured by pain-dominated PROMs. Its additional use may help to early identify those patients at risk for a poor outcome

Telemedicine is the delivery of healthcare from a remote location using integrated computer/communication technology. This systematic review aims to explore evidence for telemedicine in orthopaedics to determine its advantages, validity, effectiveness and utilisation particularly during our current pandemic where patient contact is limited. Databases of PubMed, Scopus and CINHAL were systematically searched and articles were included if they involved any form of telephone or video consultation in an orthopaedic population. Findings were synthesised into four themes: patient/clinician satisfaction, accuracy and validity of examination, safety and patient outcomes and cost effectiveness. Quality assessment was undertaken using Cochrane and Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal tools. Twenty studies were included consisting of nine RCTs across numerous orthopaedic subspecialties including fracture care, elective orthopaedics and oncology. Studies revealed high patient satisfaction with telemedicine for convenience, less waiting and travelling time. Telemedicine was cost effective particularly if patients had to travel long distances, required hospital transport or time off work. No clinically significant differences were found in patient examination nor measurement of patient reported outcome measures. Telemedicine was reported to be a safe method of consultation. However, studies were of variable methodological quality with selection bias. In conclusion, evidence suggests that telemedicine in orthopaedics can be safe, cost effective, valid in clinical assessment with high patient/clinician satisfaction. Further work with high quality RCTs is required to elucidate long term outcomes. This systematic review presents up-to-date evidence on the use of telemedicine and provides data for organisations considering its use in the current COVID-19 pandemic and beyond

The modified Hedgehog technique was previously used to reattach pure chondral shear-off fragments in the pediatric knee. In the modified Hedgehog technique, the calcified side of chondral fragments is multiple times incised and trimmed obliquely for an interlocking fit in the defect site. Fibrin glue with or without sutures is subsequently applied to fix the fragment to the defect. This preliminary report further elucidates the potential of the technique by evaluation of its application in young adults using patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) and high-field Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) as outcome measures. Three patients with a femoral cartilage defect (2 medial, 1 lateral), and a concomitant pure chondral corpus liberum were operatively treated by the modified Hedgehog technique. Age at surgery ranged from 20.6–21.2 years, defect size ranged from 3.8–6.0 cm2. Patients were evaluated at three months and one year after surgery by PROMs and 7.0T MRI. PROMs included the Internation Knee Documentation (IKDC), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) questionnaires. 7.0T MRI (Magnetom, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) using a 28-channel proton knee coil (QED, Electrodynamics LLC, Cleveland, OH) included a proton density weighted turbo spin-echo sequence with fat suppression to assess morphological tissue structure andgagCEST imaging to measure the biochemical tissue composition in terms of glycosaminoglycans (GAG). Twelve months after surgery all patients reported no pain and showed full range of motion. While PROMs at three months showed large variability between patients, one year after surgery the scores were consistently improved. Over time, morphological MRI visualized improvements in integration of the cartilage fragment with the surrounding cartilage, which was supported by biochemical MRI showing increased GAG values at the defect edges. Statistics were not applied to the results because of the small sample size. The modified Hedgehog technique in young adults with an acute onset caused by a pure chondral corpus liberum can be considered promising. The improved PROM results over time were supported by 7.0T MRI that visualized improvements in tissue structure and biochemical composition. Inclusion of more patients in future studies would allow statistical analysis and more conclusive results. The etiology of loosening and time between onset of symptoms and surgery for successful graft integration may differ between pediatric and young adult patients and is subject for future studies

Cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a common cause for athletic hip injury and early hip osteoarthritis. Although corrective cam FAI surgery can improve patient reported outcome measures (PROMs), it is not clear how surgery affects muscle forces and hip joint loading. Surgery for FAI may redistribute muscle forces and contact forces at the hip joint during routine activities. The purpose of this study was to examine the muscle contributions and hip contact forces during gait in patients prior and after two years of undergoing surgery for cam FAI. Kinematics and kinetics were recorded in 11 patients with symptomatic cam FAI as they completed a gait task. Muscle and hip contact forces during the stance phase were estimated using musculoskeletal modelling and static optimization in OpenSim. All patients reported improvements in PROMs. Post-operatively, patients showed reduced forces in the long head of the biceps femoris at ipsilateral foot-strike and in the rectus femoris at the contralateral foot-strike. The reduced muscle forces decreased sagittal hip moment but did not change hip contact forces. This was the first study to evaluate hip muscle and contact forces in FAI patients post-operatively. Although hip contact forces are not altered following surgery, muscle forces are decreased even after two years. These findings can provide guidance in optimizing recovery protocols after FAI surgery to improve hip flexor and extensor muscle forces

Restoring native hip anatomy and biomechanics is important to create a well-functioning total hip arthroplasty (THA). Hip offset and leg length are regarded as the most important biomechanical characteristics. This study investigated their association with clinical outcomes including patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) and functional tests. This prospective cohort study was conducted in 77 patients undergoing primary THA (age=65±11 years). Hip offset and leg length were measured on anteroposterior radiographs of the hip pre- and postoperatively. Participants completed the Western Ontario & McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and performed functional tests (i.e. gait, single leg stance, sit-to-stand, block step-up) preoperatively, and 3 and 12 months postoperatively. A wearable motion sensor was used to derive biomechanical parameters. Associations between radiographic and functional outcomes were investigated with the Spearman's rho correlation coefficient. Subgroup comparisons were conducted for patients with more than 15% decreased or increased femoral offset after THA. Differences in postoperative offset and leg length had little impact on clinical outcomes. Femoral offset subgroups demonstrated no significantly different WOMAC function scores. In functional tests, patients with >15% decreased femoral offset after THA demonstrated more sagittal plane motion during block step-up (14.43° versus 10.66°; p=0.04) while patients with >15% increased femoral after THA demonstrated more asymmetry of frontal plane motion during block step-up (34.05% versus 14.18%; p=0.03). To create a well-functioning THA, there seems to be a reasonable safe zone regarding the reconstruction of offset and leg length

The first three months following Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) provide an early window into a patient's functional outcomes, with the change of function in this time yielding valuable insight. 20 patients due to undergo primary TKA were recruited to the study. Data were recorded at three time points; pre-assessment clinic (PAC) before the operation, 6-weeks-post-operation (6WKs), at 12-weeks-post-operation (12WKs). Functional activity levels were monitored during early post-operative recovery for changes in early functional outcome, and allowed a comparison of metrics at each time point. This included direct functional testing of power output, timed functional performance in clinic, patient reported outcome measures, and multiday activity monitoring devices. Maximal power output symmetry (Power) was similar at 6WKs vs PAC (p = 0.37). At 12WKs, it had increased (p < 0.05). Timed functional performance (Performance) remained similar across all three time points (p = 0.27). Patient reported activities of daily living (ADL) performance significantly increased at 6WKs vs PAC (p < 0.05). At 12WKs, it remained similar (p = 0.10). Patient daily step count significantly decreased at 6WKs vs PAC (p < 0.05). By 12WKs, this had increased to similar levels to PAC (p = 0.30). Within the functional outcome measures, strong post-operative correlations were observed between Power and Performance (r = 0.62), Power and ADL (r = 0.49), and Performance and ADL (r = 0.61). Despite reduced measured step count and similar functional performance, patients report improved ADL at 6WKs. When symmetrical power output and measured step count have improved at 12WKs, patients report similar ADL to that at 6WKs. Multiple measures are required to get a full picture, however this highlights the different aspects measured by different tools

Background. In the United Kingdom (UK), the fastest growing population demographic is the over 85 years of age, but despite this, outcomes achieved in the octogenarian population with a Unicompartmental Knee Replacement (UKR) are underrepresented in the literature. The Elective Orthopaedic Centre, Epsom, has an established patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) programme into which all patients are routinely enrolled. We aim to investigate the outcome of medial UKR using the oxford phase 3 implant in octogenarians. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed our database for patients aged 60–89 years, who underwent a medial unicompartmental Knee Replacement (UKR) using the oxford phase 3 implant, between June 2007-December 2012 (N=395). The patients were stratified into 3 groups based on age, 60–69 (N=188), 70–79(N=149), and 80–89(N=58). Oxford Knee Scores (OKS), Euro-quol (EQ-5D) scores, revision rates, and mortality were compared. Results. We found that the octogenarian group achieved considerable improvement at 1 year with a mean OKS of 39.2 (+/−7.193) and EQ-5D score of 0.791(+/−0.241). And this improvement remained significant at 2 years. There was no difference in functional outcome when the 3 groups were compared. Revision rates for the 3 groups from youngest to oldest were, 8.5%, 4.5%, and 6.9% respectively. Odds ratio and survival analysis showed no significant difference between the groups. Conclusion. In conclusion, we found that octogenarians over a 2 year period achieved similar functional outcome as their younger counterparts. Level of Evidence. IV

Background. Patient reported outcomes/experience measures have been a fundamental part of the NHS since 2009. Osteotomy procedures for hallux valgus produce varied outcomes due to their subjective nature. We used PROMS2.0, a semi-automated web-based system, which allows collection and analysis of outcome data, to assess what the patient reported outcome/experience measures for scarf+/− akin osteotomy for hallux valgus are at UHSM. Methods. Prospective PROMS data was collected from November 2012 to February 2015. Scores used to asses outcomes included EQ-5D VAS, EQ-5D Health Index, and MOxFQ, collected pre-operatively and post-operatively. Patient Personal Experience (PPE-15) was collected postoperatively. Results. 40 patients (35F/5M) (19LT +21RT) had undergone an osteotomy. Average age was 60.7 years (Range 29–88). No bilateral procedures. The pre-op average MOXFQ scores for pain, walking and social interaction were: 51.6 (range 5–100), 51.4 (range 0–96) and 48.8 (range 0–100) respectively. Post operatively these improved to 24.4 (range 0–100), 22.9 (range 0–86) and 23.1 (range 0–88). All statistically significant. EQ5D score showed an improvement; with pre-op index average of 0.70. Post-op index average was 0.80. 11 patients were under 54 years old, 15 between 55–64, and 14 over 65. The greatest improvement was in the over 65s for MOxFQ and in the under 55s in EQ5D. 27/35 women showed improvement in all three MOxFQ domains, in contrast to all men. EQ5D also showed similar results. 65 patients filled out a PPE questionnaire. The results show overall average satisfaction of 72.9%. Conclusion. The overall data suggests that scarf+/− akin osteotomy procedures for hallux valgus are a success. Data suggests that higher success rates are found in those over 65 and male patients. Level of Evidence. Prospective case series- Level 3

Background. Despite an ageing population and a rise in the number of joint replacements being performed, the mean age of patients undergoing surgery remains static. One explanation for this is continued concern over the risks of performing surgery on the very elderly. We aim to investigate the outcome of Total Knee Replacement (TKR) in a nonagenarian population. Methods. The Elective Orthopaedic Centre, Epsom has an established patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) programme into which all patients are routinely enrolled. We retrospectively reviewed our data set for a cohort of nonagenarians undergoing primary TKR, between April 2008 and October 2011. Post-operative complications, mortality rates and functional outcomes were compared to those of a time matched 70–79 year old cohort. Only patients with a primary diagnosis of osteoarthritis were included whereas an exclusion criterion consisted of patients undergoing revision surgery, simultaneous bilateral replacements or conversion from a Unicompartmental Knee replacement. Results. We identified 31 nonagenarian patients, with a mean age of 91.0 (90–96) and the control group consisted of 36 patients, with a mean age of 74.5 (70–79). Following a TKR, the nonagenarian cohort achieved a lower mean Oxford Knee Score (OKS) at 1 year (31.7+/−9.5) (p=0.15), but no difference existed by 2 years (p=0.157), and a mean outcome satisfaction of 85.2% (+/− 22.75) at 1 year, which was similar to the younger group. The nonagenarians had a greater risk of requiring a blood transfusion following a TKR (p=0.0373; CI 1.08 to 16.65), and a longer length of stay than their younger counterparts (p=0.001). Mortality rates were higher in the nonagenarian cohort, but these were in keeping with the life expectancy projections identified by the Office for National Statistics. Conclusion. In conclusion, we identified that over a 2 year period, nonagenarians achieved the same functional outcome and satisfaction rates following a TKR as 70–79 year olds. Level of Evidence IV

Introduction. We used patient reported outcome measures (PROMS) to evaluate qualitative and societal outcomes of trauma. Methods. We collected PROMs data between Sept 2013 and March 2015 for 92 patients with injury severity score (ISS) greater than 9. We enquired regarding return to work, income and socioeconomic status, dignity and satisfaction and the EQ-5D questionnaire. Results. Return to work. Of patients working at admission 15/58(26%) anticipated returning to work within 14 days of discharge. Work plans at discharge did not correlate with ISS scores overall (r=−0.05, ns), or when stratified by working group. Increased physicality of work showed a trend towards poorer return to work outcomes (not significant in Spearman's rank analysis: r= 0.14, p= 0.32). Income and socioeconomic status: No significant difference was demonstrated between the comparative incomes of patients with the best and worst return to work outcomes (ANOVA n=61, t=0.63, ns). Lowest quartile earners (n=19) were more likely to complete the open questions (79%) than higher income patients (62%). Dignity and satisfaction: Prominent positive themes were: care, staff, professionalism, and communication. Prominent negative themes were: food, ward response time, and communication. %). Patients ‘mostly’ or ‘always’ satisfied with their care did not have significantly different incomes (ANOVA, t=0.13, ns). EQ-5D: Self-rated health status correlated with perceived likelihood of return to work (r=0.25, p=0.0395). Correlation was demonstrated between EQ-5D scores and perceived dignity preservation (r=0.38, p=0.0004), and overall satisfaction (r=0.46, p< 0.0001). There was no correlation between EQ-5D and ISS score. Conclusion. EQ5D correlated with work plans, dignity, and satisfaction. Planned return to work did not correlate with ISS score or socioeconomic status. Unlike previous studies we demonstrated that lower socioeconomic groups have best engagement with PROMS. This study highlighted the value of qualitative PROMS analysis in leading patient-driven improvements in trauma care

Background. Patient reported outcomes measures are a fundamental part of the NHS. Since 2009, they have been used to measure quality from the patient's perspective. PROMS2.0 is a semi-automated web based system, which allows collection and analysis of outcome data. This study looks at the factors, which can influence PROMS. These include looking at general trends which affect reported outcomes such as surgeon, age and gender. We also look to assess the reasons for non-uptake in the study. Methods. Data was collected from October 2012 to March 2015. Scores used to asses outcome measures included EQ-5D VAS, EQ-5D Health Index, and MOxFQ, collected pre-operatively and post-operatively. Results. 97/350 (27.8%) (69F+28M) patients consented and provided pre-op and post op scores. Average age was 57.2 years (Range-19–89). 69 Rt Vs 36 Lt. Surgeon A-51, B-31, C-8 procedures. MOxFQ- all three domains improved on average- Pain- 51.2 to 28.2. Walking/standing- 53.5 to 30.4 and Social interaction- 46.1 to 27.3. EQ5D scores also improved. VAS- 76.0 to 79.7, Index- 0.70 to 0.74. Patients over 70 showed the greatest improvement in MOxFQ, over 70s and under 50s did the same in EQ5D. Male patients reported better outcomes overall in both scores. All statistically significant. No significant patterns found between different surgeons. Left sided procedures did slightly better than right. Non-participation reasons- 20/30 lack of time, 7/30- reduced internet access, 3/30- non specified. Conclusions. Our results suggest improvement in PROMS. Better outcomes are linked to increased age, male sex, left sided procedures but not individual surgeons. Non-responding patients placed forgetfulness/time and lack of Internet access as reasons for non-participation Simplification and integration of PROMS will be key to increased participation. Level of evidence. Prospective case-series- Level 3

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is the result of abnormal contact/impingement of the femoral head-neck junction and acetabulum during motion. This can be corrected by surgical dislocation (using Ganz's trochanteric osteotomy) and femoral osteochondroplasty +/− acetabular rim resection. Our study aimed to assess the improvement in hip scores following open osteochondroplasty to predict outcomes based on patient characteristics. This was a retrospective case note analysis of a single surgeon case series over a 4 year period. Inclusion criteria were open osteochondroplasty, complete pre- and post-op hip scores available), Tonnis osteoarthritis grade 0 or 1, with 1 year followup. Data was extracted from electronic and paper case notes for pre- and post-op Modified Harris Hip Scores (MHHS), Non-arthritis Hip Scores (NAHS) and SF-12 general satisfaction scores, as well as baseline patient demographics. Two independent observers used the PACS radiology system to examine x-rays and MRI. SPSS version 19 was used for statistical analysis. 42 patients met the inclusion criteria. There was an overall improvement in hip scores after the procedure. Mean pre-op scores were MHHS 52.5, NAHS 44.0, SF-12 32.1. Mean post-op scores were MHHS 66.1, NAHS 58.7, SF-12 36.4. Therefore mean improvements were seen in MHHS (13.6), NAHS (14.7) and SF-12 (4.3), all significant at p<0.005 when paired t-test was used for analysis. Pearson correlation for subgroup analysis showed no significant correlation of scores with age, centre-edge angle or alpha angles. Furthermore, no significant difference was seen between males and females (independent t test). Open osteochondroplasty improves symptoms and function based on patient reported outcome measures. Although the mean scores improved, some patients’ scores deteriorated. We have not identified any statistically significant predictors of outcome, and therefore patient selection remains unclear