Aims. This study aimed to determine whether lateral femoral wall thickness (LWT) < 20.5 mm was associated with increased revision risk of intertrochanteric fracture (ITF) of the hip following sliding hip screw (SHS) fixation when the medial calcar was intact. Additionally, the study assessed the association between LWT and patient mortality. Methods. This retrospective study included ITF patients aged 50 years and over treated with SHS fixation between 2019 and 2021 at a major trauma centre. Demographic information, fracture type, delirium status, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, and length of stay were collected. LWT and tip apex distance were measured. Revision surgery and mortality were recorded at a mean follow-up of 19.5 months (1.6 to 48). Cox regression was performed to evaluate independent risk factors associated with revision surgery and mortality. Results. The cohort consisted of 890 patients with a mean age of 82 years (SD 10.2). Mean LWT was 27.0 mm (SD 8.6), and there were 213 patients (23.9%) with LWT < 20.5 mm. Overall, 20 patients (2.2%) underwent a revision surgery following SHS fixation. Adjusting for covariates, LWT < 20.5 mm was not independently associated with an increased revision or mortality risk. However, factors that were significantly more prevalent in LWT < 20.5 mm group, which included residence in care home (hazard ratio (HR) 1.84; p < 0.001) or hospital (HR 1.65; p = 0.005), and delirium (HR 1.32; p = 0.026), were independently associated with an increased mortality risk. The only independent factor associated with increased risk of revision was older age (HR 1.07; p = 0.030). Conclusion. LWT was not associated with risk of revision surgery in patients with an ITF fixed with a SHS when the calcar was intact, after adjusting for the independent effect of age. Although LWT < 20.5 mm was not an independent risk factor for mortality, patients with LWT < 20.5 mm were more likely to be from care home or hospital and have delirium on admission, which were associated with a higher mortality rate. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(2):123–131

Aims. Surgical treatment of hip fracture is challenging; the bone is porotic and fixation failure can be catastrophic. Novel implants are available which may yield superior clinical outcomes. This study compared the clinical effectiveness of the novel X-Bolt Hip System (XHS) with the sliding hip screw (SHS) for the treatment of fragility hip fractures. Methods. We conducted a multicentre, superiority, randomized controlled trial. Patients aged 60 years and older with a trochanteric hip fracture were recruited in ten acute UK NHS hospitals. Participants were randomly allocated to fixation of their fracture with XHS or SHS. A total of 1,128 participants were randomized with 564 participants allocated to each group. Participants and outcome assessors were blind to treatment allocation. The primary outcome was the EuroQol five-dimension five-level health status (EQ-5D-5L) utility at four months. The minimum clinically important difference in utility was pre-specified at 0.075. Secondary outcomes were EQ-5D-5L utility at 12 months, mortality, residential status, mobility, revision surgery, and radiological measures. Results. Overall, 437 and 443 participants were analyzed in the primary intention-to-treat analysis in XHS and SHS treatment groups respectively. There was a mean difference of 0.029 in adjusted utility index in favour of XHS with no evidence of a difference between treatment groups (95% confidence interval -0.013 to 0.070; p = 0.175). There was no evidence of any differences between treatment groups in any of the secondary outcomes. The pattern and overall risk of adverse events associated with both treatments was similar. Conclusion. Any difference in four-month health-related quality of life between the XHS and SHS is small and not clinically important. There was no evidence of a difference in the safety profile of the two treatments; both were associated with lower risks of revision surgery than previously reported. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(2):256–263

Aims. Despite limited clinical scientific backing, an additional trochanteric stabilizing plate (TSP) has been advocated when treating unstable trochanteric fractures with a sliding hip screw (SHS). We aimed to explore whether the TSP would result in less post operative fracture motion, compared to SHS alone. Methods. Overall, 31 patients with AO/OTA 31-A2 trochanteric fractures were randomized to either a SHS alone or a SHS with an additional TSP. To compare postoperative fracture motion, radiostereometric analysis (RSA) was performed before and after weightbearing, and then at four, eight, 12, 26, and 52 weeks. With the “after weightbearing” images as baseline, we calculated translations and rotations, including shortening and medialization of the femoral shaft. Results. Similar migration profiles were observed in all directions during the course of healing. At one year, eight patients in the SHS group and 12 patients in the TSP group were available for analysis, finding a clinically non-relevant, and statistically non-significant, difference in total translation of 1 mm (95% confidence interval -4.7 to 2.9) in favour of the TSP group. In line with the migration data, no significant differences in clinical outcomes were found. Conclusion. The TSP did not influence the course of healing or postoperative fracture motion compared to SHS alone. Based on our results, routine use of the TSP in AO/OTA 31-A2 trochanteric fractures cannot be recommended. The TSP has been shown, in biomechanical studies, to increase stability in sliding hip screw constructs in both unstable and intermediate stable trochanteric fractures, but the clinical evidence is limited. This study showed no advantage of the TSP in unstable (AO 31-A2) fractures in elderly patients when fracture movement was evaluated with radiostereometric analysis. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(1):37–45

Aims. Patients with A1 and A2 trochanteric hip fractures represent a substantial proportion of trauma caseload, and national guidelines recommend that sliding hip screws (SHS) should be used for these injuries. Despite this, intramedullary nails (IMNs) are routinely implanted in many hospitals, at extra cost and with unproven patient outcome benefit. We have used data from the National Hip Fracture Database (NHFD) to examine the use of SHS and IMN for A1 and A2 hip fractures at a national level, and to define the cost implications of management decisions that run counter to national guidelines. Methods. We used the NHFD to identify all operations for fixation of trochanteric fractures in England and Wales between 1 January 2021 and 31 December 2021. A uniform price band from each of three hip fracture implant manufacturers was used to set cost implications alongside variation in implant use. Results. We identified 18,156 A1 and A2 trochanteric hip fractures in 162 centres. Of these, 13,483 (74.3%) underwent SHS fixation, 2,352 (13.0%) were managed with short IMN, and 2,321 (12.8%) were managed with long IMN. Total cost of IMN added up to £1.89 million in 2021, and the clinical justification for this is unclear since rates of IMN use varied from 0% to 97% in different centres. Conclusion. Most trochanteric hip fractures are managed with SHS, in keeping with national guidelines. There is considerable variance between hospitals for implant choice, despite the lack of evidence for clinical benefit and cost-effectiveness of more expensive nailing systems. This suggests either a lack of awareness of national guidelines or a choice not to follow them. We encourage provider units to reassess their practice if outwith the national norm. Funding bodies should examine implant use closely in this population to prevent resource waste at a time of considerable health austerity. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(10):741–745

Fractures of the proximal femur are one of the greatest challenges facing the medical community, constituting a heavy socioeconomic burden worldwide. Controversy exists regarding the optimal treatment for patients with unstable trochanteric proximal femoral fractures. The recognised treatment alternatives are extramedullary fixation usually with a sliding hip screw and intramedullary fixation with a cephalomedullary nail. Current evidence suggests that best results and lowest complication rates occur using a sliding hip screw. Complications in these difficult fractures are relatively common regardless of type of treatment. We believe that a novel device, the X-Bolt dynamic plating system, may offer superior fixation over a sliding hip screw with lower reoperation risk and better function. We therefore propose to investigate the clinical effectiveness of the X-bolt dynamic plating system compared with standard sliding hip screw fixation within the framework of a the larger WHiTE (Warwick Hip Trauma Evaluation) Comprehensive Cohort Study. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2013;2:206–9

Increasing incidence of osteoporosis, obesity and an aging population have led to an increase in low energy hip fractures in the elderly. Perceived lower blood loss and lower surgical time, media coverage of minimal invasive surgery and patient expectations unsurprisingly have led to a trend towards intramedullary devices for fixation of extracapsular hip fractures. This is contrary to the Cochrane review of random controlled trials of intramedullary vs extramedullary implants which continues recommends the use of a sliding hip screw (SHS) over other devices. Furthermore, despite published literature of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) of SHS citing benefits such as reduced soft tissue trauma, smaller scar, faster recovery, reduced blood loss, reduced analgesia needs; the uptake of these approaches has been poor. We describe a novel technique one which remains minimally invasive, that not only has a simple learning curve but easily reproducible results. All patients who underwent MIS SHS fixation of extracapsular fractures were included in this study. Technique is shown in Figure 1. We collated data on all intertrochanteric hip fractures that were treated by a single surgeon series during period Jan 2014 to July 2015. Data was collected from electronic patient records and radiographs from Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS). Surgical time, fluoroscopy time, blood loss, surgical incision length, post-operative transfusion, Tip Apex Distance (TAD) were analyzed. There were 10 patients in this study. All fractures were Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) type A1 or A2. Median surgical time was 36 minutes (25–54). Mean fluoroscopy time was similar to standard incision sliding hip screw fixation. Blood loss estimation with MIS SHS can be undertaken safely and expeditiously for extracapsular hip fractures

Background. Intracapsular neck of femur fractures are one of the most common injuries seen in Orthopaedics. When the fracture is amenable to internal fixation there are 2 main treatment options, namely multiple cannulated hip screws (MCS) and 2-hole sliding hip screws (SHS). In this retrospective study we examine the outcomes associated with these two methods of internal fixation. At present there is little consensus regarding which treatment should be used. Methods. 161 patients were found to have suffered intracapsular neck of femur fracture treated with either SHS or MCS fixation over a 5 year period from April 2009 to April 2014, allowing at least 1 year follow up following injury. The patients imaging and clinical notes were then reviewed to ascertain the outcome of their treatment and any complications. Results. 93 patients were treated with a sliding hip screw compared to 68 that had been treated with cannulated screws. To ensure the fractures in each group were comparable in terms of fracture severity they were classified using gardens and pauwels score. The mean age of the group treated with SHS was 75.15 years, 7.69 years higher than those treated with MCS. The mean length of inpatient stay was 4.7 days longer for patients treated with sliding hip screws than those treated with cannulated screws, which is significantly more than would be predicted by age difference alone. Further patients were excluded for analysis of failure rate if they had not been sufficiently followed up, leaving 122 patients, 58 treated with MCS and 64 with SHS. A significantly higher (p=0.0136) proportion of patients treated with SHS (32%) suffered failure of their fixation compared to those treated with MCS (10%). The SHS group was further classified by whether or not a permanent derotation screw was employed. The use of a derotation screw provided protection against failure with a number needed to treat of 3.82, decreasing the failure rate to 14% which was not significantly more than the failure rate for MCS. Conclusions. We recommend that the first choice treatment for intracapsular neck of femur fractures amenable to internal fixation should be cannulated screws due to a lower rate of failure and shorter length of inpatient stay. If a surgeon has a strong preference for sliding hip screw we strongly recommend inserting a permanent derotation screw

Background: The majority of extracapsular proximal femoral fractures are treated with a sliding hip screw. The barrel of the plate can slide over the shaft of the screw in two modes; keyed (locked) or unkeyed (unlocked). The purpose of the study was to determine whether there is a difference in outcome following þxation using a sliding hip screw in the locked and unlocked modes. Methods: A prospective randomised controlled trial of patients requiring a sliding hip screw for a proximal femoral fracture. Patients were randomised to receive a sliding hip screw either in the locked or unlocked mode. 20 patients were randomised to each group. Patients were assessed clinically and radiologically post-operatively and at three months following discharge from hospital. Screw slide and þxation failure were used as primary outcomes. A Visual analogue scoring system (VAS) was used to assess pain. Results: 40 patients were recruited in this study. Mean age of patients in the locked group was 74.05 years (range 55–90) and 78.0 years (range 65–97) in the unlocked group. There was one case of þxation failure in the locked group compared to two in the unlocked group. The mean screw slide was 10.98mm (range 1.04–37.62) in the locked group and 12.94mm (range 1.91–20.82) in the unlocked group. The pain score according to the VAS improved over the three months. There was no signiþcant difference in pain score between the two groups. Conclusion:When comparing screw slide, þxation failure and pain, the results show there is no signiþcant difference between using the sliding hip screw in the locked and unlocked mode

Background: The majority of extracapsular proximal femoral fractures are treated with a sliding hip screw. The barrel of the plate can slide over the shaft of the screw in two modes; keyed (locked) or unkeyed (unlocked). The purpose of the study was to determine whether there is a difference in outcome following fixation using a sliding hip screw in the locked and unlocked modes. Methods: A prospective randomised controlled trial of patients requiring a sliding hip screw for a proximal femoral fracture. Patients were randomised to receive a sliding hip screw either in the locked or unlocked mode. 20 patients were randomised to each group. Patients were assessed clinically and radiologically post-operatively and at three months following discharge from hospital. Screw slide and fixation failure were used as primary outcomes. A Visual analogue scoring system (VAS) was used to assess pain. Results: A total of 40 patients were recruited in this study. The mean age of patients in the locked group was 74.05 years (range 55–90) and 78.0 years (range 65–97) in the unlocked group. There was one case of fixation failure in the locked group compared to two in the unlocked group. The mean screw slide was 10.98mm (range 1.04–37.62) in the locked group and 12.94mm (range 1.91–20.82) in the unlocked group. The pain score according to the VAS improved over the three months. There was no significant difference in pain score between the two groups. Conclusion: When comparing screw slide, fixation failure and pain, the results show there is no significant difference between using the sliding hip screw in the locked and unlocked mode

Background: Reverse obliquity and transverse fractures of the proximal femur represent a distinct fracture pattern in which the mechanical forces displace the femur medially thus increasing the risk of fixation failure. There is a paucity of published literature in this area of trauma. This study constitutes the largest series of such fractures. Methods: Using the hip fracture registry at this institution 101 reverse obliquity and transverse fracture patterns were identified from 3336 consecutive hip fractures. All surviving patients were followed up for 1 year. Results: Of 100 patients treated operatively, 59 were treated with 1350 sliding hip screws (SHS), 22 were treated with 1350 sliding hip screw devices designed to resist medialization (3 sliding hip screws with trochanteric plate and 19 Medoff plates), and 19 were treated with intramedullary sliding hip screw devices (1 short Gamma nail, 9 long Gamma nails, 6 Reconstruction nails, 6 long Targon nails, 1 short Targon nail). The SHS had 4 failures (6.8%), and the intramedullary devices one failure (5.3%). Those extramedullary devices augmented to prevent medialization had higher failure rates (1 of 3 SHS with trochanteric plate and 3 of 19 Medoff plates), with combined failure rate of 15.8%. Conclusion: The 1350 SHS and the intramedullary devices had similar failure rates of 6.8% and 5.2% respectively. Those extramedullary devices designed to prevent medialization had higher failure rates (combined failure rate of 4/22 or 18%). This is similar to the high failure rate in 950 devices reported elsewhere. This suggests that extramedullary devices attempting to combat the difficult biomechanics of these fractures are unsuccessful. Better results can be obtained by using the standard 1350 SHS or with intramedullary sliding hip screw devices

Controversy exists whether to treat unstable pertrochanteric hip fractures with either intra-medullary or extra-medullary devices. A prospective randomised control trial was performed to compare the outcome of unstable pertrochanteric hip fractures stabilised with either a sliding hip screw or long Gamma Nail. The hypothesis was that there is no difference in outcome between the two modes of treatment. Over a four year period, 210 patients presenting with an unstable pertrochanteric hip fracture (AO/OTA 31 A2) were recruited into the study. Eligible patients were randomised on admission to either long Gamma Nail or sliding hip screw. Follow-up was arranged for three, six, and twelve months. Primary outcome measures were implant failure or ‘cut-out’. Secondary measures included mortality, length of hospital stay, transfusion rate, change in mobility and residence, and EuroQol outcome score. Five patients required revision surgery for implant cut-out (2.5%), of which three were long Gamma Nails and two were sliding hip screws (no significant difference). There were no incidences of implant failure or deep infection. Tip apex distance was found to correlate with implant cut-out. There was no statistically significant difference in either the EuroQol outcome scores or mortality rates between the two groups when corrected for mini mental score. There was no difference in transfusion rates, length of hospital stay, and change in mobility or residence. There was a clear cost difference between the implants. The sliding hip screw remains the gold standard in the treatment of unstable pertrochanteric fractures of the proximal femur

Hip fracture is a common serious injury in the elderly. Between 1982 and 1998 the number of hip fractures reported annually in Scotland in patients over 55 years rose from 4,000 to 5,700. The optimum method of treatment for the various fracture types remains in contention. We compare outcome measures between displaced, intracapsular fractures in patients over 70 years fixed with cannulated screws and sliding hip screw with side plate. Between 1998 and 2005 a total of 30,482 patients were reviewed by the Scottish Hip Fracture Audit (SHFA). Of these 15,823(53.3% of the total) had sustained intracapsular fractures. 13,587 of these occurred in patients aged 70 or over. Of these 2,428 had undisplaced and 11,159 displaced fractures. Chi test statistical analysis compare outcome measures in this group of displaced intracapsular fractures with respect to aspects of early failure. 534(3.9%) of patients were treated conservatively. 509 (4.7%) fractures were fixed using cannulated screws and 499 (4.6%) using a sliding hip screw. Readmission within 120 days for any cause occurred in 62 patients(14.1%) treated with cannulated screw fixation and in 63 patients(15.7%) for those treated with a sliding hip screw(P=0.509). Of these 36 patients(8.2%) in the former and 23 patients(5.7%) in the latter group were readmitted for complications related to hip fracture(P=0.033). Mortality within this period included 69 patients(13.5%) in the CS and 98(19.6%) in the SHS group. In terms of re-operation within 120 days of the original admission, 53 patients(10.6%) receiving cannulated screws compared to 24 patients(4.8%) treated with a sliding hip screw requiring further surgery(P=0.0006). The fracture was seen to displace in 12(22.6%) patients originally treated with cannulated screws compared to 6 patients(25%) treated with sliding hip screw(P=0.156). More significantly the fixation device was seen to have migrated in 24(45.3%) of the cannulated screw as compared to 7(29.2%) patients in the sliding hip screw group(P=0.002). Periprosthetic fractures were recorded in 4(7.5%) of the former and 3(12.5%) in the latter group(P=0.708). Wound infection was higher in the SHS group(2 patients) as compared to the screw fixation group(1 patient)(P=0.565). Statistical analysis demonstrates a dramatic difference exists between these 2 fixation types in terms of re-operation within 120 days of the original admission for which published literature has previously only recorded biomechanical, in vitro comparisons. Data regarding specific implant factors such as number of screws, position, configuration, starting point, thread length and use of washers in cannulated screws, and position, tapping, supplementary screw and compression screw in sliding hip screws was not recorded and may be considered to bias our results

Hip fracture is a common serious injury in the elderly. Between 1982 and 1998 the number of hip fractures reported annually in Scotland in patients over 55 years rose from 4,000 to 5,700. The optimum method of treatment for the various fracture types remains in contention. The purpose of this study was to compare outcome measures between displaced, intracapsular fractures in patients over 70 years fixed with cannulated screws and sliding hip screw with side plate. Between 1998 and 2005 a total of 30,482 patients were reviewed by the Scottish Hip Fracture Audit (SHFA). Of these 15,823(53.3% of the total) had sustained intracapsular fractures. 13,587 of these occurred in patients aged 70 or over. Of these 2,428 had undisplaced and 11,159 displaced fractures. We performed a Chi test statistical analysis comparing outcome measures in this group of displaced intracapsular fractures with respect to aspects of early failure. 534(3.9%) of patients were treated conservatively. 509 (4.7%) fractures were fixed using cannulated screws and 499 (4.6%) using a sliding hip screw. Readmission within 120 days for any cause occurred in 62 patients(14.1%) treated with cannulated screw fixation and in 63 patients(15.7%) for those treated with a sliding hip screw(P=0.509). Of these 36 patients(8.2%) in the former and 23 patients(5.7%) in the latter group were readmitted for complications related to hip fracture(P=0.033). Mortality within this period included 69 patients(13.5%) in the CS and 98(19.6%) in the SHS group. In terms of re-operation within 120 days of the original admission, 53 patients(10.6%) receiving cannulated screws compared to 24 patients(4.8%) treated with a sliding hip screw requiring further surgery(P=0.0006). The fracture was seen to displace in 12(22.6%) patients originally treated with cannulated screws compared to 6 patients(25%) treated with sliding hip screw(P=0.156). More significantly the fixation device was seen to have migrated in 24(45.3%) of the cannulated screw as compared to 7(29.2%) patients in the sliding hip screw group(P=0.002). Periprosthetic fractures were recorded in 4(7.5%) of the former and 3(12.5%) in the latter group(P=0.708). Wound infection was higher in the SHS group(2 patients) as compared to the screw fixation group(1 patient)(P=0.565). Statistical analysis demonstrates a dramatic difference exists between these 2 fixation types in terms of re-operation within 120 days of the original admission for which published literature has previously only recorded biomechanical, in vitro comparisons. Data regarding specific implant factors such as number of screws, position, configuration, starting point, thread length and use of washers in cannulated screws, and position, tapping, supplementary screw and compression screw in sliding hip screws was not recorded and may be considered to bias our results

Aims. Evaluate if treating an unstable femoral neck fracture with a locking plate and spring-loaded telescoping screw system would improve construct stability compared to gold standard treatment methods. Methods. A 31B2 Pauwels’ type III osteotomy with additional posterior wedge was cut into 30 fresh-frozen femur cadavers implanted with either: three cannulated screws in an inverted triangle configuration (CS), a sliding hip screw and anti-rotation screw (SHS), or a locking plate system with spring-loaded telescoping screws (LP). Dynamic cyclic compressive testing representative of walking with increasing weight-bearing was applied until failure was observed. Loss of fracture reduction was recorded using a high-resolution optical motion tracking system. Results. LP constructs demonstrated the highest mean values for initial stiffness and failure load. LP and SHS constructs survived on mean over 50% more cycles and to loads 450 N higher than CS. During the early stages of cyclic loading, mean varus collapse of the femoral head was 0.5° (SD 0.8°) for LP, 0.7° (SD 0.7°) for SHS, and 1.9° (SD 2.3°) for CS (p = 0.071). At 30,000 cycles (1,050 N) mean femoral neck shortening was 1.8 mm (SD 1.9) for LP, 2.0 mm (SD 0.9) for SHS, and 3.2 mm (SD 2.5) for CS (p = 0.262). Mean leg shortening at construct failure was 4.9 mm (SD 2.7) for LP, 8.9 mm (SD 3.2) for SHS, and 7.0 mm (SD 4.3) for CS (p = 0.046). Conclusion. Use of the LP system provided similar (hip screw) or better (cannulated screws) biomechanical performance as the current gold standard methods suggesting that the LP system could be a promising alternative for the treatment of unstable fractures of the femoral neck. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(6):314–321

Aims. This study explores the reported rate of surgical site infection (SSI) after hip fracture surgery in published studies concerning patients treated in the UK. Methods. Studies were included if they reported on SSI after any type of surgical treatment for hip fracture. Each study required a minimum of 30 days follow-up and 100 patients. Meta-analysis was undertaken using a random effects model. Heterogeneity was expressed using the I. 2. statistic. Risk of bias was assessed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) system. Results. There were 20 studies reporting data from 88,615 patients. Most were retrospective cohort studies from single centres. The pooled incidence was 2.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.54% to 2.62%) across ‘all types’ of hip fracture surgery. When analyzed by operation type, the SSI incidences were: hemiarthroplasty 2.87% (95% CI 1.99% to 3.75%) and sliding hip screw 1.35% (95% CI 0.78% to 1.93%). There was considerable variation in definition of infection used, as well as considerable risk of bias, particularly as few studies actively screened participants for SSI. Conclusion. Synthesis of published estimates of infection yield a rate higher than that seen in national surveillance procedures. Biases noted in all studies would trend towards an underestimate, largely due to inadequate follow-up

We aimed to use data from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing the sliding hip screw vs. intramedullary nailing (IMN) for trochanteric fractures to examine complication rates between those managed with a short vs. long IMN. This is a secondary analysis using one arm of an RCT of patients ≥18 years with trochanteric fractures. We examined differences in fracture-related (femoral shaft fracture, implant failure, surgical site infection (SSI), nonunion, limb shortening, and pain) and medical (organ failure, respiratory distress, stroke, deep vein thrombosis [DVT] gastrointestinal upset, pneumonia, myocardial infarction, sepsis, or urinary tract infection) adverse events (AE), and readmission between short vs. long IMNs. We included 412 trochanteric fracture patients, 339 (82.2%) of whom received a short (170mm–200mm) nail, while 73 (17.7%) received a long (260mm–460 mm) nail. Patients in the long group were more likely to be admitted from home (vs. an institution), and have comorbidities, or more complex fracture types. Patients in the long group had higher rates of fracture-related AE (12.3%) vs. the short group (3.5%). Specifically, SSI (5.5% vs. 0.3%) and pain (2.7% vs. 0.0%) were significantly higher in the long group. Patients in the long group were also more likely to develop DVT (2.7% vs. 0.3%), and be readmitted to the hospital (28.8% vs. 20.7%). Following covariable adjustment, long nails remained associated with a higher odds of fracture-related AE (5.11, 1.96–13.33) compared to short nails. We found no association between the adjusted odds of readmission and nail length (1.00, 0.52–1.94). Our analyses revealed that trochanteric fracture patients managed with long IMN nails may have a higher odds of fracture-related AE compared to short nails. Future research is required to validate these findings with larger event rates, and further optimize IMN for trochanteric fracture patients

Introduction: Use of a variable angle sliding hip screw is an interesting therapeutic option in pathological trauma of the proximal femur. It has successfully been used in cases of loosening of previously implanted hardware and non-union. Materials and methods: In this study we present 26 cases treated consecutively in our department between 2001 and 2005. The majority of patients in this group had suffered complications in the treatment of proximal femoral fractures, including non-unions and nail cut-outs. Results: We treated 12 male patients and 14 female patients; mean age was 72 years. Mean hospital stay was 14.3 days. The patients were examined in our consulting offices and had a minimum 6 months follow-up, with controls of their evolution at 3 and 6 months and 1 year. During the study period functional and x-ray assessments were performed. No relevant alterations were found in any of the patients; all cases resolved successfully. Conclusions: The variable angle sliding hip screw has been successfully used in cases of severe complications in patients with proximal femur fractures. We have tried to summarize our 4 years’ experience in this study by presenting a series of different cases that went from failure of a previous osteosynthesis to other techniques applied to the fracture failure such as the use of autologous grafts to resolve non-unions. The variable angle sliding hip screw is a very useful and versatile tool in the hands of the orthopedic surgeon in certain cases where rescue surgery is necessary

Purpose: The results of surgical treatment of intertrochanteric hip fractures using a sliding hip screw-plate and Norian-SRS, as an adjuvant means of stabilization, are presented. Material – Methods: 103 patients (27 male, 76 female) with intertrochanteric hip fractures, were treated with a sliding hip screw. Their age ranged from 56 to93 years (av. 68,9y) . In group A (50 patients) we only used a sliding hip screw -plate, while in group B ( 53 patients) we also used Norian-SRS above the upper surface of the sliding hip screw. Results: Postoperative follow-up ranged from 5 to17 μnνϵς. Mobilization was initiated on the 2nd day with partial weight bearing. A group progressed to full weight bearing in 3 , while B group in 2 months. 8 patients in group A and 2 in group B developed varous deformity. Screw cut out developed in 5 patient of group A and none of group B. Backsliding of the screw ranged from 0 to 16 mm. (av. 4,95 mm.) in group A and from 0 to16mm. (av. 3,25mm.) in group B. Conclusion: Norian-SRS augmentation of intertrochanteric hip fractures treated with a sliding hip screw-plate, increases the stability of the osteosynthesis, permitting earlier rehabilitation and mobilization of the patient and leading to better functional results

The Sliding Hip Screw (SHS) is currently the treatment of choice for all trochanteric hip fractures. An alternative treatment is the short femoral nail. Earlier designs of these nails were associated with an increased fracture healing complication rate in comparison to the sliding hip screw. The new designs of nails (third generation nails) may however be as good as or even superior to sliding hip screw fixation. We conducted a large randomised trial to compare the Targon Proximal Femoral Nail with the Sliding Hip Screw. Patients with trochanteric hip fractures as per the AO classification (A1–A3) were randomised to either implant. All surgery was supervised by one surgeon. All patients were followed up for a minimum of one year months by a blinded observer. The mean age was 82 years, range 27 to 104 years), 20% were male. Length of surgery was slightly increased for the nail (44 versus 49 minutes, p=0.002). Fluoroscopic screening time was increased in the nail group (0.3 versus 0.6 minutes, p< 0.0001). Intra-operative complications were more common with the nailing. There was no difference in blood transfusion requirement between groups. Postoperatively there was no difference in the occurrence of medical complications or mortality. Deep wound infection requiring removal of the implant occurred in one case in the SHS group. In addition there were two cases of cut-out, three of plate detachment from the femur and one non-union in the SHS group, requiring secondary surgery. There was only one compilation in the nailed a case of cut-out which required secondary surgery. At follow-up no difference in pain scores but there was a tendency to improved mobility in the nailed group (p=0.004). These results suggest that with improved designs and surgical technique, the newer versions of short nails for proximal femoral fractures may not suffer from the complications of the earlier short intramedullary nails. Intramedullary fixation can result in a lower re-operation rate (3.5% versus 0.5%) and improved mobility in comparison to the sliding hip screw