INTRODUCTION. During TKA surgery, the usual goal is to achieve equal balancing between the lateral and medial side, which can be achieved by ligament releases or “pie crusting”. However little is known regarding a relationship between the balancing forces on the medial and lateral plateaus during TKA surgery, and the varus and valgus and rotational
During TKA surgery, the usual goal is to achieve equal balancing between the lateral and medial side, which can be achieved by ligament releases or “pie crusting”. However little is known regarding a relationship between the balancing forces on the medial and lateral plateaus during TKA surgery, and the varus and valgus and rotational
Aims. The goal was to evaluate tibiofemoral knee joint kinematics during stair descent, by simulating the full stair descent motion in vitro. The knee joint kinematics were evaluated for two types of knee implants: bi-cruciate retaining and bi-cruciate stabilized. It was hypothesized that the bi-cruciate retaining implant better approximates native kinematics. Methods. The in vitro study included 20 specimens which were tested during a full stair descent with physiological muscle forces in a dynamic knee rig.
Preoperative ligament laxity can be characterized intraoperatively using digital robotic tensioners. Understanding how preoperative knee joint laxity affects preoperative and early post-operative patient reported outcomes (PROMs) may aid surgeons in tailoring intra-operative balance and
Mechanical alignment (MA) in total knee arthroplasty (TKA), although considered the gold standard, reportedly has up to 25% of patients expressing post-operative dissatisfaction. Biomechanical outcomes following kinematic alignment (KA) in TKA, developed to restore native joint alignment, remain unclear. Without a clear consensus for the optimal alignment strategy during TKA, the purpose of this study was to conduct a paired biomechanical comparison of MA and KA in TKA by experimentally quantifying
Inverse Kinematic Alignment (iKA) and Gap Balancing (GB) aim to achieve a balanced TKA via component alignment. However, iKA aims to recreate the native joint line versus resecting the tibia perpendicular to the mechanical axis. This study aims to compare how two alignment methods impact 1) gap balance and
Introduction. Surgeons commonly resect additional distal femur during primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to correct a flexion contracture to restore range of motion and knee function. However, the effect of joint line elevation on the resulting TKA kinematics including frontal plane
Background. Lateral ankle instability is a common problem, but the precise role of the lateral ankle structures has not been accurately investigated. This study aimed to accurately investigate lateral ankle complex stability for the first time using a novel robotic testing platform. Method. A six degrees of freedom robot manipulator and a universal force/torque sensor were used to test 10 foot and ankle specimens. The system automatically defined the path of unloaded plantar/dorsi flexion. At four flexion angles: 20° dorsiflexion, neutral flexion, 20° and 40° of plantarflexion; anterior-posterior (90N), internal-external (5Nm) and inversion-eversion (8Nm)
The aim of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is to regain functional stability of the knee following ACL injury, ideally allowing patients to return to their pre-injury level of activity. The purpose of this study was to assess clinical, functional and patient-reported outcomes following primary ACL reconstruction with hamstring autograft. A prospective case-series design (n=1610) was used to gather data on post-operative ACL graft
The primary purpose of this study was to assess whether patients presenting with clinical graft
Introduction. Surgeons commonly resect additional distal femur during primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to correct a flexion contracture. However, the effect of joint line proximalization on TKA kinematics is unclear. Thus, our goal was to quantify the effect of additional distal femoral resection on knee extension and mid-flexion
Introduction. When performing total knee arthroplasty (TKA), surgeons often utilize a posterior-stabilized (PS) design which compensates for the loss of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). These designs attempt to replicate normal knee kinematics and loading using a cam and post to provide posterior restraint of the tibia during flexion. However, these designs may not be able to compensate for the increase in flexion space or the inherent loss of coronal stability after PCL release compared to a cruciate retaining (CR) design. This study aimed to compare stability of PS and CR TKA designs by assessing
Aims. It is unknown whether gap
Navigation systems are able to measure very accurately the movement of bones, and consequently the knee laxity, which is a movement of the tibia under the femur. These systems might help measuring the knee laxity during the implantation of a total (TKR) or a unicompartmental (UKR) knee replacement. 20 patients operated on for TKR (13 cases) or UKR (7 cases) because of primary varus osteoarthritis have been analyzed. Pre-operative examination involved varus and valgus stress X-rays at 0 and 90° of knee flexion. The intra-operative medial and lateral
Introduction: Computer navigation in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) may assist the surgeon with precise information about ligament tension and varus/valgus alignment throughout the complete range of motion, but there is only little information about how much ligament laxity is needed and how much
Postero-lateral rotator instability (PLRI) is the most common pattern of recurrent elbow instability. Unfortunately, current imaging to aid PLRI diagnosis is limited. We have developed an ultrasound (US) technique to measure ulnohumeral joint gap with and without stress of the lateral ulnocollateral ligament. We sought to define lateral ulnohumeral joint gap measurements in the resting and stressed state to provide insight into how US may aid diagnosis of PLRI. Sixteen elbows were evaluated in eight healthy volunteers. Lateral ulnohumeral gap was measured on US in the resting position and with posterolateral drawer stress test maneuver applied.
Introduction. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a successful procedure for end stage arthritis of the knee that is being performed on an exponential basis year after year. Most surgeons agree that soft tissue balancing of the TKA is a paramount to provide a successful TKA. We utilized a set of retrieved lower extremities with an existing TKA to measure the
The function of the knee joint is to allow for locomotion and is comprised of various bodily structures including the four major ligaments; medial collateral ligament (MCL), lateral collateral ligament (LCL), anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). The primary function of the ligaments are to provide stability to the joint. The knee is prone to injury as a result of osteoarthritis as well as ligamentous and meniscal lesions. Furthermore, compromised joint integrity due to ligamentous injury may be a result of direct and indirect trauma, illness, occupational hazard as well as lifestyle. A device capable of non-invasively determining the condition of the ligaments in the knee joint would be a useful tool to assist the clinician in making a more informed diagnosis and prognosis of the injury. Furthermore, the device would potentially reduce the probability of a misdiagnosis, timely diagnosis and avoidable surgeries. The existing Laxmeter prototype (UK IPN: GB2520046) is a Stress Radiography Device currently limited to measuring the
Introduction. Total knee arthroprasty (TKA) is an excellent treatment with osteoarthritis of the knee joint. The acquisition of joint stability after TKA is one of the most important factors to improve the patient's quality of life. Deep flexion of knee joint is often demanded in daily life, and stability in flexed knee position is also important. But there were few papers reporting about
This study aims to create a novel computational workflow for frontal plane