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Bone & Joint Research
Vol. 1, Issue 10 | Pages 272 - 280
1 Oct 2012
De Mattos CBR Binitie O Dormans JP

Pathological fractures in children can occur as a result of a variety of conditions, ranging from metabolic diseases and infection to tumours. Fractures through benign and malignant bone tumours should be recognised and managed appropriately by the treating orthopaedic surgeon. The most common benign bone tumours that cause pathological fractures in children are unicameral bone cysts, aneurysmal bone cysts, non-ossifying fibromas and fibrous dysplasia. Although pathological fractures through a primary bone malignancy are rare, these should be recognised quickly in order to achieve better outcomes. A thorough history, physical examination and review of plain radiographs are crucial to determine the cause and guide treatment. In most benign cases the fracture will heal and the lesion can be addressed at the time of the fracture, or after the fracture is healed. A step-wise and multidisciplinary approach is necessary in caring for paediatric patients with malignancies. Pathological fractures do not have to be treated by amputation; these fractures can heal and limb salvage can be performed when indicated


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 90-B, Issue 5 | Pages 648 - 651
1 May 2008
George B Abudu A Grimer RJ Carter SR Tillman RM

We report our experience of treating 17 patients with benign lesions of the proximal femur with non-vascularised, autologous fibular strut grafts, without osteosynthesis. The mean age of the patients at presentation was 16.5 years (5 to 33) and they were followed up for a mean of 2.9 years (0.4 to 19.5). Histological diagnoses included simple bone cyst, fibrous dysplasia, aneurysmal bone cysts and giant cell tumour. Local recurrence occurred in two patients (11.7%) and superficial wound infection, chronic hip pain and deep venous thrombosis occurred in three. Pathological fracture did not occur in any patient following the procedure. We conclude that non-vascularised fibular strut grafts are a safe and satisfactory method of treating benign lesions of the proximal femur


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 89-B, Issue 8 | Pages 1077 - 1083
1 Aug 2007
Tsuchiya H Morsy AF Matsubara H Watanabe K Abdel-Wanis ME Tomita K

We present a retrospective study of patients suffering from a variety of benign tumours in whom external fixators were used to treat deformity and limb-length discrepancy, and for the reconstruction of bone defects. A total of 43 limbs in 31 patients (12 male and 19 female) with a mean age of 14 years (2 to 54) were treated. The diagnosis was Ollier’s disease in 12 limbs, fibrous dysplasia in 11, osteochondroma in eight, giant cell tumour in five, osteofibrous dysplasia in five and non-ossifying fibroma in two. The lesions were treated in the tibia in 19 limbs, in the femur in 16, and in the forearm in eight. The Ilizarov frame was used in 25 limbs, the Taylor Spatial Frame in seven, the Orthofix fixator in six, the Monotube in four and the Heidelberg fixator in one. The mean follow-up was 72 months (22 to 221). The mean external fixation period was 168 days (71 to 352). The mean external fixation index was 42 days/cm (22.2 to 102.0) in the 22 patients who required limb lengthening. The mean correction angle for those with angular deformity was 23° (7° to 45°). At final follow-up all patients had returned to normal activities. Four patients required a second operation for recurrent deformity of further limb lengthening. Local recurrence occurred in one patient, requiring further surgery


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 82-B, Issue 8 | Pages 1117 - 1120
1 Nov 2000
Yamamoto T Onga T Marui T Mizuno K

We treated 75 patients with benign bone tumours by curettage and filling the defect with calcium hydroxyapatite (HA). There were 28 women and 47 men with a mean age of 27.7 years (3 to 80). The mean follow-up was for 41.3 months. Postoperative radiological assessment revealed that the implanted HA was well incorporated into the surrounding host bone in all patients. Two patients suffered fractures in the postoperative period. Two patients complained of pain associated with HA in the soft tissues, but this diminished within six months. No patient had local pain at the final follow-up. Recurrence of the tumour was seen in three cases. Histopathological study of the implanted area showed removal of the HA by histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells, and the formation of much appositional bone. We conclude that HA is an excellent bone-graft substitute in surgery for benign bone tumours


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 89-B, Issue 5 | Pages 659 - 663
1 May 2007
Wada T Kawai A Ihara K Sasaki M Sonoda T Imaeda T Yamashita T

We evaluated the construct validity of the Musculoskeletal Tumour Society rating scale (Enneking score) as a functional measure for patients with sarcoma involving the upper limb. We compared the Enneking score by examining the correlation between two patient-derived outcome measures, the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36) as indicators of functional status in 40 patients with malignant or aggressive benign bone and soft-tissue tumours of the upper limb who had undergone surgical treatment. The frequency distributions were similar among the three scoring systems. As for the validity, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient of the Enneking score to the DASH questionnaire was −0.79 and that of the Enneking to the SF-36 subscales ranged from 0.38 to 0.60. Despite being a measure from the surgeon’s perspective, the Enneking score was shown to be a valid indicator of physical disability in patients with malignant or aggressive benign tumours of the upper limb and reflected their opinion


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 105-B, Issue 5 | Pages 551 - 558
1 May 2023
Wang H Ji T Qu H Yan T Li D Yang R Tang X Guo W

Aims. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of indocyanine green (ICG) staining of bone and soft-tissue tumours, as well as the stability and accuracy of ICG fluorescence imaging in detecting tumour residuals during surgery for bone and soft-tissue tumours. Methods. ICG fluorescence imaging was performed during surgery in 34 patients with bone and soft-tissue tumours. ICG was administered intravenously at a dose of 2 mg/kg over a period of 60 minutes on the day prior to surgery. The tumour stain rate and signal-to-background ratio of each tumour were post hoc analyzed. After tumour resection, the tumour bed was scanned to locate sites with fluorescence residuals, which were subsequently inspected and biopsied. Results. The overall tumour stain rate was 88% (30/34 patients), and specific stain rates included 90% for osteosarcomas and 92% for giant cell tumours. For malignant tumours, the overall stain rate was 94%, while it was 82% for benign tumours. The ICG tumour stain was not influenced by different pathologies, such as malignant versus benign pathology, the reception (or lack thereof) of neoadjuvant chemotherapies, the length of time between drug administration and surgery, the number of doses of denosumab for patients with giant cell tumours, or the tumour response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The overall accuracy rate of successfully predicting tumour residuals using fluorescence was 49% (23/47 pieces of tissue). The accuracy rate after en bloc resection was significantly lower than that after piecemeal resection (16% vs 71%; p < 0.001). Conclusion. A high percentage of bone and soft-tissue tumours can be stained by ICG and the tumour staining with ICG was stable. This approach can be used in both benign and malignant tumours, regardless of whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy is adopted. The technique is also useful to detect tumour residuals in the wound, especially in patients undergoing piecemeal resection. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(5):551–558


Bone & Joint Open
Vol. 4, Issue 11 | Pages 846 - 852
8 Nov 2023
Kim RG Maher AW Karunaratne S Stalley PD Boyle RA

Aims. Tenosynovial giant cell tumour (TGCT) is a rare benign tumour of the musculoskeletal system. Surgical management is fraught with challenges due to high recurrence rates. The aim of this study was to describe surgical treatment and evaluate surgical outcomes of TGCT at an Australian tertiary referral centre for musculoskeletal tumours and to identify factors affecting recurrence rates. Methods. A prospective database of all patients with TGCT surgically managed by two orthopaedic oncology surgeons was reviewed. All cases irrespective of previous treatment were included and patients without follow-up were excluded. Pertinent tumour characteristics and surgical outcomes were collected for analysis. Results. There were 111 total cases included in the study; 71 (64%) were female, the mean age was 36 years (SD 13.6), and the knee (n = 64; 57.7%) was the most commonly affected joint. In all, 60 patients (54.1%) had diffuse-type (D-TGCT) disease, and 94 patients (84.7%) presented therapy-naïve as "primary cases" (PC). The overall recurrence rate was 46.8% for TGCT. There was a statistically significant difference in recurrence rates between D-TGCT and localized disease (75.0% vs 13.7%, relative risk (RR) 3.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.17 to 5.34; p < 0.001), and for those who were referred in the ”revision cases” (RC) group compared to the PC group (82.4% vs 48.9%, RR 1.68, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.28; p = 0.011). Age, sex, tumour volume, and mean duration of symptoms were not associated with recurrence (p > 0.05). Conclusion. Recurrence rates remain high even at a tertiary referral hospital. Highest rates are seen in D-TGCT and “revision cases”. Due to the risks of recurrence, the complexity of surgery, and the need for adjuvant therapy, this paper further supports the management of TGCT in a tertiary referral multi-disciplinary orthopaedic oncology service. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(11):846–852


Bone & Joint Open
Vol. 2, Issue 4 | Pages 236 - 242
1 Apr 2021
Fitzgerald MJ Goodman HJ Kenan S Kenan S

Aims. The aim of this study was to assess orthopaedic oncologic patient morbidity resulting from COVID-19 related institutional delays and surgical shutdowns during the first wave of the pandemic in New York, USA. Methods. A single-centre retrospective observational study was conducted of all orthopaedic oncologic patients undergoing surgical evaluation from March to June 2020. Patients were prioritized as level 0-IV, 0 being elective and IV being emergent. Only priority levels 0 to III were included. Delay duration was measured in days and resulting morbidities were categorized into seven groups: prolonged pain/disability; unplanned preoperative radiation and/or chemotherapy; local tumour progression; increased systemic disease; missed opportunity for surgery due to progression of disease/lost to follow up; delay in diagnosis; and no morbidity. Results. Overall, 25 patients met inclusion criteria. There were eight benign tumours, seven metastatic, seven primary sarcomas, one multiple myeloma, and two patients without a biopsy proven diagnosis. There was no priority level 0, two priority level I, six priority level II, and 17 priority level III cases. The mean duration of delay for priority level I was 114 days (84 to 143), priority level II was 88 days (63 to 133), and priority level III was 77 days (35 to 269). Prolonged pain/disability and delay in diagnosis, affecting 52% and 40%,respectively, represented the two most frequent morbidities. Local tumour progression and increased systemic disease affected 32% and 24% respectively. No patients tested positive for COVID-19. Conclusion. COVID-19 related delays in surgical management led to major morbidity in this studied orthopaedic oncologic patient population. By understanding these morbidities through clearer hindsight, a thoughtful approach can be developed to balance the risk of COVID-19 exposure versus delay in treatment, ensuring optimal care for orthopedic oncologic patients as the pandemic continues with intermittent calls for halting surgery. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(4):236–242


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 99-B, Issue 4 | Pages 531 - 537
1 Apr 2017
Henderson ER Keeney BJ Pala E Funovics PT Eward WC Groundland JS Ehrlichman LK Puchner SSE Brigman BE Ready JE Temple HT Ruggieri P Windhager R Letson GD Hornicek FJ

Aims. Instability of the hip is the most common mode of failure after reconstruction with a proximal femoral arthroplasty (PFA) using an endoprosthesis after excision of a tumour. Small studies report improved stability with capsular repair of the hip and other techniques, but these have not been investigated in a large series of patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate variables associated with the patient and the operation that affect post-operative stability. We hypothesised an association between capsular repair and stability. Patients and Methods. In a retrospective cohort study, we identified 527 adult patients who were treated with a PFA for tumours. Our data included demographics, the pathological diagnosis, the amount of resection of the abductor muscles, the techniques of reconstruction and the characteristics of the implant. We used regression analysis to compare patients with and without post-operative instability. Results. A total of 20 patients out of 527 (4%) had instability which presented at a mean of 35 days (3 to 131) post-operatively. Capsular repair was not associated with a reduced rate of instability. Bivariate analysis showed that a posterolateral surgical approach (odds ratio (OR) 0.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.02 to 0.86) and the type of implant (p = 0.046) had a significant association with reduced instability; age > 60 years predicted instability (OR 3.17, 95% CI 1.00 to 9.98). Multivariate analysis showed age > 60 years (OR 5.09, 95% CI 1.23 to 21.07), female gender (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.89), a malignant primary bone tumour (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.06 to 3.95), and benign condition (OR 5.56, 95% CI 1.35 to 22.90), but not metastatic disease or soft-tissue tumours, predicted instability, while a posterolateral approach (OR 0.09, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.53) was protective against instability. No instability occurred when a synthetic graft was used in 70 patients. Conclusion. Stability of the hip after PFA is influenced by variables associated with the patient, the pathology, the surgical technique and the implant. We did not find an association between capsular repair and improved stability. Extension of the tumour often dictates surgical technique; however, our results indicate that PFA using a posterolateral approach with a hemiarthroplasty and synthetic augment for soft-tissue repair confers the lowest risk of instability. Patients who are elderly, female, or with a primary benign or malignant bone tumour should be counselled about an increased risk of instability. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:531–7


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 103-B, Issue 1 | Pages 184 - 191
1 Jan 2021
Perrin DL Visgauss JD Wilson DA Griffin AM Abdul Razak AR Ferguson PC Wunder JS

Aims. Local recurrence remains a challenging and common problem following curettage and joint-sparing surgery for giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB). We previously reported a 15% local recurrence rate at a median follow-up of 30 months in 20 patients with high-risk GCTB treated with neoadjuvant Denosumab. The aim of this study was to determine if this initial favourable outcome following the use of Denosumab was maintained with longer follow-up. Methods. Patients with GCTB of the limb considered high-risk for unsuccessful joint salvage, due to minimal periarticular and subchondral bone, large soft tissue mass, or pathological fracture, were treated with Denosumab followed by extended intralesional curettage with the goal of preserving the joint surface. Patients were followed for local recurrence, metastasis, and secondary sarcoma. Results. A total of 25 patients with a mean age of 33.8 years (18 to 67) with high-risk GCTB received median six cycles of Denosumab before surgery. Tumours occurred most commonly around the knee (17/25, 68%). The median follow-up was 57 months (interquartile range (IQR) 13 to 88). The joint was salvaged in 23 patients (92%). Two required knee arthroplasty due to intra-articular fracture and arthritis. Local recurrence developed in 11 patients (44%) at a mean of 32.5 months (3 to 75) following surgery, of whom four underwent repeat curettage and joint salvage. One patient developed secondary osteosarcoma and another benign GCT lung metastases. Conclusion. The use of Denosumab for joint salvage was associated with a higher than expected rate of local recurrence at 44%. Neoadjuvant Denosumab for joint-sparing procedures should be considered with caution in light of these results. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(1):184–191


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 106-B, Issue 1 | Pages 99 - 106
1 Jan 2024
Khal AA Aiba H Righi A Gambarotti M Atherley O'Meally AO Manfrini M Donati DM Errani C

Aims

Low-grade central osteosarcoma (LGCOS), a rare type of osteosarcoma, often has misleading radiological and pathological features that overlap with those of other bone tumours, thereby complicating diagnosis and treatment. We aimed to analyze the clinical, radiological, and pathological features of patients with LGCOS, with a focus on diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 49 patients with LGCOS (Broder’s grade 1 to 2) treated between January 1985 and December 2017 in a single institute. We examined the presence of malignant features on imaging (periosteal reaction, cortical destruction, soft-tissue invasion), the diagnostic accuracy of biopsy, surgical treatment, and oncological outcome.


Bone & Joint Open
Vol. 3, Issue 9 | Pages 733 - 740
21 Sep 2022
Sacchetti F Aston W Pollock R Gikas P Cuomo P Gerrand C

Aims

The proximal tibia (PT) is the anatomical site most frequently affected by primary bone tumours after the distal femur. Reconstruction of the PT remains challenging because of the poor soft-tissue cover and the need to reconstruct the extensor mechanism. Reconstructive techniques include implantation of massive endoprosthesis (megaprosthesis), osteoarticular allografts (OAs), or allograft-prosthesis composites (APCs).

Methods

This was a retrospective analysis of clinical data relating to patients who underwent proximal tibial arthroplasty in our regional bone tumour centre from 2010 to 2018.


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 105-B, Issue 7 | Pages 808 - 814
1 Jul 2023
Gundavda MK Lazarides AL Burke ZDC Focaccia M Griffin AM Tsoi KM Ferguson PC Wunder JS

Aims

The preoperative grading of chondrosarcomas of bone that accurately predicts surgical management is difficult for surgeons, radiologists, and pathologists. There are often discrepancies in grade between the initial biopsy and the final histology. Recent advances in the use of imaging methods have shown promise in the ability to predict the final grade. The most important clinical distinction is between grade 1 chondrosarcomas, which are amenable to curettage, and resection-grade chondrosarcomas (grade 2 and 3) which require en bloc resection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a Radiological Aggressiveness Score (RAS) to predict the grade of primary chondrosarcomas in long bones and thus to guide management.

Methods

A total of 113 patients with a primary chondrosarcoma of a long bone presenting between January 2001 and December 2021 were identified on retrospective review of a single oncology centre’s prospectively collected database. The nine-parameter RAS included variables from radiographs and MRI scans. The best cut-off of parameters to predict the final grade of chondrosarcoma after resection was determined using a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), and this was correlated with the biopsy grade.


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 78-B, Issue 2 | Pages 258 - 263
1 Mar 1996
Kreicbergs A Bauer HCF Brosjö O Lindholm J Skoog L Söderlund V

We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of fine-needle aspiration biopsy in a prospective study of 300 patients with previously undiagnosed bone lesions. Patients with suspected local recurrence of a primary bone tumour or a metastatic lesion of a previously diagnosed malignancy were excluded. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy was performed under radiological control as an outpatient procedure. The series was grouped into three major categories: 1) benign bone lesions including infections; 2) primary malignant bone tumours; and 3) metastases including lymphomas and myelomas. We compared the cytological diagnosis with the final diagnosis as assessed by histological examination and/or the clinical and radiological features. Material considered conclusive for cytological diagnosis was obtained from 251 of the 300 patients. Of the 49 failures, there were 24 aspirates with insufficient cellular yield and 25 in which a diagnosis could not be made although the cytological material was adequate in quantity. Most of the inconclusive aspirates (36/49) were obtained from benign bone lesions. The diagnosis was correct in 239 (95%) of the 251 cases providing adequate cytological material. There were eight (3%) falsely benign diagnoses, one (0.3%) falsely malignant, and three cases in which we were unable to differentiate between sarcoma and a metastasis. Chondrosarcoma (2/12) gave the greatest diagnostic difficulty and Ewing’s sarcoma the least (0/9). There were no decisive errors of treatment. All falsely benign or malignant diagnoses were questioned, and led to open biopsy since they did not correlate with the clinical and radiological features. Our study suggests that fine-needle aspiration biopsy is a valid option for the diagnosis of bone tumours. It is a simple outpatient procedure which gives sufficient cytological material for the correct diagnosis in 80% of cases. As with histological analysis of material from open biopsy, the cytological assessment must agree with the clinical and radiological findings


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 104-B, Issue 10 | Pages 1180 - 1188
1 Oct 2022
Qu H Mou H Wang K Tao H Huang X Yan X Lin N Ye Z

Aims

Dislocation of the hip remains a major complication after periacetabular tumour resection and endoprosthetic reconstruction. The position of the acetabular component is an important modifiable factor for surgeons in determining the risk of postoperative dislocation. We investigated the significance of horizontal, vertical, and sagittal displacement of the hip centre of rotation (COR) on postoperative dislocation using a CT-based 3D model, as well as other potential risk factors for dislocation.

Methods

A total of 122 patients who underwent reconstruction following resection of periacetabular tumour between January 2011 and January 2020 were studied. The risk factors for dislocation were investigated with univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis on patient-specific, resection-specific, and reconstruction-specific variables.


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 96-B, Issue 10 | Pages 1392 - 1395
1 Oct 2014
Dhinsa BS Gregory JJ Nawabi DH Khan S Pollock R Aston WJ Skinner JA Briggs TWR

In patients with a tumour affecting the distal ulna it is difficult to preserve the function of the wrist following extensive local resection. We report the outcome of 12 patients (nine female, three male) who underwent excision of the distal ulna without local soft-tissue reconstruction. In six patients, an aggressive benign tumour was present and six had a malignant tumour. At a mean follow-up of 64 months (15 to 132) the mean Musculoskeletal Tumour score was 64% (40% to 93%) and the mean DASH score was 35 (10 to 80). The radiological appearances were satisfactory in most patients. Local recurrence occurred in one patient with benign disease and two with malignant disease. The functional outcome was thus satisfactory at a mean follow-up in excess of five years, with a relatively low rate of complications. The authors conclude that complex reconstructive soft-tissue procedures may not be needed in these patients. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1392–5


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 106-B, Issue 2 | Pages 195 - 202
1 Feb 2024
Jamshidi K Kargar Shooroki K Ammar W Mirzaei A

Aims

The epiphyseal approach to a chondroblastoma of the intercondylar notch of a child’s distal femur does not provide adequate exposure, thereby necessitating the removal of a substantial amount of unaffected bone to expose the lesion. In this study, we compared the functional outcomes, local recurrence, and surgical complications of treating a chondroblastoma of the distal femoral epiphysis by either an intercondylar or an epiphyseal approach.

Methods

A total of 30 children with a chondroblastoma of the distal femur who had been treated by intraregional curettage and bone grafting were retrospectively reviewed. An intercondylar approach was used in 16 patients (group A) and an epiphyseal approach in 14 (group B). Limb function was assessed using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) scoring system and Sailhan’s functional criteria.


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 106-B, Issue 1 | Pages 93 - 98
1 Jan 2024
Broida SE Tsoi KM Rose PS Ferguson PC Griffin AM Wunder JS Houdek MT

Aims

The sacroiliac joint (SIJ) is the only mechanical connection between the axial skeleton and lower limbs. Following iliosacral resection, there is debate on whether reconstruction of the joint is necessary. There is a paucity of data comparing the outcomes of patients undergoing reconstruction and those who are not formally reconstructed.

Methods

A total of 60 patients (25 females, 35 males; mean age 39 years (SD 18)) undergoing iliosacral resection were reviewed. Most resections were performed for primary malignant tumours (n = 54; 90%). The mean follow-up for surviving patients was nine years (2 to 19).


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 105-B, Issue 11 | Pages 1206 - 1215
1 Nov 2023
Ladegaard TH Sørensen MS Petersen MM

Aims

We first sought to compare survival for patients treated surgically for solitary and multiple metastases in the appendicular skeleton, and second, to explore the role of complete and incomplete resection (R0 and R1/R2) in patients with a solitary bony metastasis in the appendicular skeleton.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study on a population-based cohort of all adult patients treated surgically for bony metastases of the appendicular skeleton between January 2014 and December 2019. We excluded patients in whom the status of bone metastases and resection margin was unknown. Patients were followed until the end of the study or to their death. We had no loss to follow-up. We used Kaplan-Meier analysis (with log-rank test) to evaluate patient survival. We identified 506 operations in 459 patients. A total of 120 operations (in 116 patients) were for solitary metastases and 386 (in 345 patients) for multiple metastases. Of the 120 operations, 70 (in 69 patients) had no/an unknown status of visceral metastases (solitary group) and 50 (in 49 patients) had visceral metastases. In the solitary group, 45 operations (in 44 patients) were R0 (resections for cure or complete remission) and 25 (in 25 patients) were R1/R2 (resections leaving microscopic or macroscopic tumour, respectively). The most common types of cancer in the solitary group were kidney (n = 27), lung (n = 25), and breast (n = 20).


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 105-B, Issue 5 | Pages 559 - 567
1 May 2023
Aoude A Nikomarov D Perera JR Ibe IK Griffin AM Tsoi KM Ferguson PC Wunder JS

Aims

Giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) is a locally aggressive lesion that is difficult to treat as salvaging the joint can be associated with a high rate of local recurrence (LR). We evaluated the risk factors for tumour relapse after treatment of a GCTB of the limbs.

Methods

A total of 354 consecutive patients with a GCTB underwent joint salvage by curettage and reconstruction with bone graft and/or cement or en bloc resection. Patient, tumour, and treatment factors were analyzed for their impact on LR. Patients treated with denosumab were excluded.


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 93-B, Issue 7 | Pages 980 - 983
1 Jul 2011
Malhas AM Grimer RJ Abudu A Carter SR Tillman RM Jeys L

We investigated the eventual diagnosis in patients referred to a tertiary centre with a possible diagnosis of a primary bone malignancy. We reviewed our database from between 1986 and 2010, during which time 5922 patients referred with a suspicious bone lesion had a confirmed diagnosis. This included bone sarcoma in 2205 patients (37%), benign bone tumour in 1309 (22%), orthopaedic conditions in 992 (17%), metastatic disease in 533 (9%), infection in 289 (5%) and haematological disease in 303 (5%). There was a similar frequency of all diagnoses at different ages except for metastatic disease. Only 0.6% of patients (17 of 2913) under the age of 35 years had metastatic disease compared with 17.1% (516 of 3009) of those over 35 years (p < 0.0001). Of the 17 patients under 35 years with metastatic disease, only four presented with an isolated lesion, had no past history of cancer and were systematically well. Patients under the age of 35 years should have suitable focal imaging (plain radiography, CT or MRI) and simple systemic studies (blood tests and chest radiography). Reduction of the time to biopsy can be achieved by avoiding an unnecessary investigation for a primary tumour to rule out metastatic disease


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 97-B, Issue 1 | Pages 121 - 128
1 Jan 2015
Kang S Han I Hong SH Cho HS Kim W Kim H

Cancellous allograft bone chips are commonly used in the reconstruction of defects in bone after removal of benign tumours. We investigated the MRI features of grafted bone chips and their change over time, and compared them with those with recurrent tumour. We retrospectively reviewed 66 post-operative MRIs from 34 patients who had undergone curettage and grafting with cancellous bone chips to fill the defect after excision of a tumour. All grafts showed consistent features at least six months after grafting: homogeneous intermediate or low signal intensities with or without scattered hyperintense foci (speckled hyperintensities) on T1 images; high signal intensities with scattered hypointense foci (speckled hypointensities) on T2 images, and peripheral rim enhancement with or without central heterogeneous enhancements on enhanced images. Incorporation of the graft occurred from the periphery to the centre, and was completed within three years. Recurrent lesions consistently showed the same signal intensities as those of pre-operative MRIs of the primary lesions. There were four misdiagnoses, three of which were chondroid tumours. We identified typical MRI features and clarified the incorporation process of grafted cancellous allograft bone chips. The most important characteristics of recurrent tumours were that they showed the same signal intensities as the primary tumours. It might sometimes be difficult to differentiate grafted cancellous allograft bone chips from a recurrent chondroid tumour. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:121–8


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 90-B, Issue 3 | Pages 364 - 370
1 Mar 2008
Kubo T Sugita T Shimose S Matsuo T Arihiro K Ochi M

We investigated the use of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) proteins as prognostic markers in chondrosarcoma and the relationship of HIF to the biological characteristics of cartilage tumours. The expression of HIF-1α, HIF-2α, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and microvessel density (MVD) were measured immunohistochemically in 29 specimens of cartilage tumour. There was no HIF-1α and HIF-2α staining in any of the nine benign cartilage tumours. In 20 specimens of chondrosarcoma, the rate of HIF-1α and HIF-2α expression was 40% and 25%, respectively. The tumour size (≥ 8 cm), histological grade (grade 2 and grade 3) surgical margin (marginal and intralesional) and HIF-1α expression (positive) correlated significantly with a shorter disease-free survival. There was a significant association between HIF-1α and the MVD and a strong trend towards a correlation between HIF-1α and the PCNA index or histological grade. Our findings suggest that HIF-1α protein may be a useful objective marker in the assessment of the prognosis in chondrosarcoma, since it plays an important role in tumour angiogenesis and cell proliferation


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 91-B, Issue 8 | Pages 1083 - 1085
1 Aug 2009
Abed R Grimer RJ Carter SR Tillman RM Abudu A Jeys L

In our database of 7935 patients referred for investigation of a soft-tissue mass, only 100 were found to have a soft-tissue metastasis (1.3%). Our aim was to define the clinical features of such patients and to identify the site of their primary tumour. The most common presentation was a painful lump, deep to the fascia, ranging between 2 cm and 35 cm (mean 8.3 cm) with 78% of the lumps located deep to the fascia. The mean age of the patients at presentation was 64 years (22 to 84) and there were almost equal numbers of men and women. Of 53 patients with a history of malignancy, 52 had metastases from the same primary (lung in 12, melanoma in ten, kidney in nine, gastrointestinal track in four, breast in five, bladder in four, and others in eight). The other 47 had no history of malignancy and the metastasis was the first presentation. The primary sites in these cases were the lung in 19, gastro-intestinal track in four, kidney in two, melanoma in nine, other in three, and unknown (despite investigations) in ten. There was no correlation between the site of the metastases and the primary tumour. Of the 7935 patients, 516 had a history of malignancy. Of these, only 10% had a soft-tissue metastasis, 29% had a benign diagnosis, 55% a soft-tissue sarcoma and 6% another malignancy. Patients with soft-tissue metastases have similar clinical features to those with soft-tissue sarcomas and should be considered for assessment at appropriate diagnostic centres for patients with suspicious soft-tissue lumps


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 104-B, Issue 2 | Pages 297 - 301
1 Feb 2022
Jamshidi K Bagherifard A Mohaghegh MR Mirzaei A

Aims

Giant cell tumours (GCTs) of the proximal femur are rare, and there is no consensus about the best method of filling the defect left by curettage. In this study, we compared the outcome of using a fibular strut allograft and bone cement to reconstruct the bone defect after extended curettage of a GCT of the proximal femur.

Methods

In a retrospective study, we reviewed 26 patients with a GCT of the proximal femur in whom the bone defect had been filled with either a fibular strut allograft (n = 12) or bone cement (n = 14). Their demographic details and oncological and nononcological complications were retrieved from their medical records. Limb function was assessed using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score.


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 89-B, Issue 6 | Pages 814 - 816
1 Jun 2007
Nawabi DH Sinisi M

Schwannomas are the most common tumours of the sheath of peripheral nerves. The clinical diagnosis is usually straightforward, but may be delayed for many years in a schwannoma of the posterior tibial nerve. The symptoms are often attributed to entrapment neuropathy or to lumbosacral radiculopathy. We describe 25 patients with a schwannoma of the posterior tibial nerve. Only three were diagnosed within a year of presentation. The mean time to diagnosis was 86.5 months with a median of 48 months (2 to 360). All the patients complained of pain, which was felt specifically in the sole of the foot in 18. A Tinel sign was detected in all 25 patients. MRI confirmed the diagnosis in all the cases in which it had been undertaken. Surgical resection of the lesion abolished the neuropathic pain. In patients with a long history of neuropathic pain in the lower limb in whom lumbar and pelvic lesions have been excluded, a benign tumour of the sheath of a peripheral nerve may explain the symptoms. Surgical resection of the tumour is safe and effective


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 86-B, Issue 5 | Pages 719 - 725
1 Jul 2004
Matsumine A Myoui A Kusuzaki K Araki N Seto M Yoshikawa H Uchida A

We reviewed the results of 51 patients with benign bone tumours treated by curettage and implantation of calcium hydroxyapatite ceramic (CHA). The mean follow-up was 11.4 years (10 to 15.5). Post-operative fractures occurred in two patients and three had local recurrences; three had slightly limited movement of the adjacent joint and one had mild osteoarthritis. There were no allergic or neoplastic complications. In all cases, radiographs showed that the CHA was well incorporated into the host bone. Statistical analysis showed that absorption of the implanted CHA was greater in males (odds ratio, 6.2; 95% CI, 1.6 to 23.7) and younger patients (odds ratio, 0.6 for increase in age of 10 years; 95% CI, 0.91 to 0.99). However, the implanted CHA was not completely absorbed in any patient. We conclude that CHA is a useful and safe bone substitute for the treatment of benign bone tumours


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 104-B, Issue 2 | Pages 290 - 296
1 Feb 2022
Gosheger G Ahrens H Dreher P Schneider KN Deventer N Budny T Heitkötter B Schulze M Theil C

Aims

Iliosacral sarcoma resections have been shown to have high rates of local recurrence (LR) and poor overall survival. There is also no universal classification for the resection of pelvic sarcomas invading the sacrum. This study proposes a novel classification system and analyzes the survival and risk of recurrence, when using this system.

Methods

This is a retrospective analysis of 151 patients (with median follow-up in survivors of 44 months (interquartile range 12 to 77)) who underwent hemipelvectomy with iliosacral resection at a single centre between 2007 and 2019. The proposed classification differentiates the extent of iliosacral resection and defines types S1 to S6 (S1 resection medial and parallel to the sacroiliac joint, S2 resection through the ipsilateral sacral lateral mass to the neuroforamina, S3 resection through the ipsilateral neuroforamina, S4 resection through ipsilateral the spinal canal, and S5 and S6 contralateral sacral resections). Descriptive statistics and the chi-squared test were used for categorical variables, and the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were performed.


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 92-B, Issue 2 | Pages 262 - 266
1 Feb 2010
Parratt MTR Donaldson JR Flanagan AM Saifuddin A Pollock RC Skinner JA Cannon SR Briggs TWR

Elastofibroma dorsi is an uncommon, benign, slow-growing soft-tissue tumour of uncertain aetiology. It classically presents as an ill-defined mass at the inferior pole of the scapula with symptoms which include swelling, discomfort, snapping, stiffness and occasionally pain. We report the symptoms, function and outcome after treatment of 21 elastofibromas in 15 patients. All were diagnosed by MRI and early in the series four also underwent CT-guided biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. In all, 18 tumours were excised and three were observed. After excision, the mean visual analogue score for pain decreased from 4.6 (0 to 10) pre-operatively to 2.4 (0 to 8) post-operatively (p = 0.04). The mean shoulder function, at a mean follow-up of 4.2 years (3 months to 16 years), was 78.1% (30 to 100) using the Stanmore percentage of normal shoulder assessment scoring system. The mean range of forward flexion improved from 135° (70° to 180°) to 166° (100° to 180°) after excision (p = 0.005). In four patients a post-operative haematoma formed; one required evacuation. Three patients developed a post-operative seroma requiring needle aspiration and one developed a superficial infection which was treated with antibiotics. Our findings support previous reports suggesting that a pre-operative tissue diagnosis is not necessary in most cases since the lesion can be confidently diagnosed by MRI, when interpreted in the light of appropriate clinical findings. Surgical excision in symptomatic patients, is helpful. It has been suggested that elastofibroma is caused by a local tissue reaction and is not a true neoplastic process. A strong association has been noted between elastofibroma and repetitive use of the shoulder, which is supported by our findings


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 89-B, Issue 11 | Pages 1498 - 1503
1 Nov 2007
Hanna SA David LA Aston WJS Gikas PD Blunn GW Cannon SR Briggs TWR

Between 1988 and 2006, 18 patients had a custom-made endoprosthetic replacement of the distal humerus for bone tumours at our institution. There were 11 primary malignant neoplasms, six secondary deposits, and one benign aggressive tumour. The mean follow-up was for 4.4 years (1 to 18.2). Complications occurred in nine patients and included aseptic loosening in three (16.6%), local recurrence in two (11%), infection in two (11%), neuropraxia of the radial nerve in one (5.5%) and a peri-prosthetic fracture in one (5.5%). Excision was inadequate in four patients (22%), all of which developed local recurrence and/or metastases. There were seven deaths from the primary disease after a mean of 2.3 years (1 to 5), one of whom had an above-elbow amputation for local recurrence seven months before death. The remaining six had satisfactory elbow function at their last follow-up. The 11 living patients were evaluated using the Musculoskeletal Tumour Society and Toronto Extremity Salvage scoring systems. The mean scores achieved were 76% (67% to 87%) and 73% (59% to 79%), respectively. Overall, 17 of 18 patients had significant improvement in the degree of their pain following operation. Custom-made endoprosthetic reconstruction of the elbow for bone tumours is a viable treatment in carefully selected patients. It maintains satisfactory function and provides good pain relief


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 103-B, Issue 3 | Pages 562 - 568
1 Mar 2021
Kask G Laitinen MK Stevenson J Evans S Jeys LM Parry MC

Aims

Although chondrosarcomas (CSs) display true malignant features, including local recurrence (LR) and metastases, their behaviour in the hands and feet is thought to differ from that in other parts of the axial and appendicular skeleton by having a lower metastatic potential. The purpose of this study was to investigate the disease-specific and surgical factors that affect the local and systemic prognosis of CS of the hands and feet.

Methods

A multicentre retrospective study was carried out at two tertiary sarcoma centres. A database search identified all patients with a CS treated between January 1995 and January 2018. There were 810 CSs of which 76 (9.4%) were located in the fingers, toes, metacarpals, and metatarsal bones.

Results

The median age of the study population was 55 years (36 to 68) with a median follow-up of 52 months (22 to 87) months. Overall, 70% of the tumours were in the hand (n = 54) and 30% in the foot (n = 22). Predictors for LR were margin (p = 0.011), anatomical location (p = 0.017), and method of surgical management (p = 0.003). Anatomical location (p = 0.026), histological grade between 1 and 3 (p = 0.004) or 2 and 3 (p = 0.016), and surgical management (p = 0.001) were significant factors for LR-free survival. Disease-specific survival was affected by histological grade (p < 0.001), but not by LR (p = 0.397).


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 103-B, Issue 4 | Pages 788 - 794
1 Apr 2021
Spierenburg G Lancaster ST van der Heijden L Mastboom MJL Gelderblom H Pratap S van de Sande MAJ Gibbons CLMH

Aims

Tenosynovial giant cell tumour (TGCT) is one of the most common soft-tissue tumours of the foot and ankle and can behave in a locally aggressive manner. Tumour control can be difficult, despite the various methods of treatment available. Since treatment guidelines are lacking, the aim of this study was to review the multidisciplinary management by presenting the largest series of TGCT of the foot and ankle to date from two specialized sarcoma centres.

Methods

The Oxford Tumour Registry and the Leiden University Medical Centre Sarcoma Registry were retrospectively reviewed for patients with histologically proven foot and ankle TGCT diagnosed between January 2002 and August 2019.


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 103-B, Issue 10 | Pages 1633 - 1640
1 Oct 2021
Lex JR Evans S Parry MC Jeys L Stevenson JD

Aims

Proximal femoral endoprosthetic replacements (PFEPRs) are the most common reconstruction option for osseous defects following primary and metastatic tumour resection. This study aimed to compare the rate of implant failure between PFEPRs with monopolar and bipolar hemiarthroplasties and acetabular arthroplasties, and determine the optimum articulation for revision PFEPRs.

Methods

This is a retrospective review of 233 patients who underwent PFEPR. The mean age was 54.7 years (SD 18.2), and 99 (42.5%) were male. There were 90 patients with primary bone tumours (38.6%), 122 with metastatic bone disease (52.4%), and 21 with haematological malignancy (9.0%). A total of 128 patients had monopolar (54.9%), 74 had bipolar hemiarthroplasty heads (31.8%), and 31 underwent acetabular arthroplasty (13.3%).


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 103-B, Issue 8 | Pages 1405 - 1413
1 Aug 2021
Ogura K Fujiwara T Morris CD Boland PJ Healey JH

Aims

Rotating-hinge knee prostheses are commonly used to reconstruct the distal femur after resection of a tumour, despite the projected long-term burden of reoperation due to complications. Few studies have examined the factors that influence their failure and none, to our knowledge, have used competing risk models to do so. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors for failure of a rotating-hinge knee distal femoral arthroplasty using the Fine-Gray competing risk model.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 209 consecutive patients who, between 1991 and 2016, had undergone resection of the distal femur for tumour and reconstruction using a rotating-hinge knee prosthesis. The study endpoint was failure of the prosthesis, defined as removal of the femoral component, the tibial component, or the bone-implant fixation; major revision (exchange of the femoral component, tibial component, or the bone-implant fixation); or amputation.


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 103-B, Issue 6 | Pages 1150 - 1154
1 Jun 2021
Kurisunkal V Laitinen MK Kaneuchi Y Kapanci B Stevenson J Parry MC Reito A Fujiwara T Jeys LM

Aims

Controversy exists as to what should be considered a safe resection margin to minimize local recurrence in high-grade pelvic chondrosarcomas (CS). The aim of this study is to quantify what is a safe margin of resection for high-grade CS of the pelvis.

Methods

We retrospectively identified 105 non-metastatic patients with high-grade pelvic CS of bone who underwent surgery (limb salvage/amputations) between 2000 and 2018. There were 82 (78%) male and 23 (22%) female patients with a mean age of 55 years (26 to 84). The majority of the patients underwent limb salvage surgery (n = 82; 78%) compared to 23 (22%) who had amputation. In total, 66 (64%) patients were grade 2 CS compared to 38 (36%) grade 3 CS. All patients were assessed for stage, pelvic anatomical classification, type of resection and reconstruction, margin status, local recurrence, distant recurrence, and overall survival. Surgical margins were stratified into millimetres: < 1 mm; > 1 mm but < 2 mm; and > 2 mm.


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 103-B, Issue 5 | Pages 984 - 990
1 May 2021
Laitinen MK Evans S Stevenson J Sumathi V Kask G Jeys LM Parry MC

Aims

Chondrosarcoma is the second most common primary sarcoma of bone: conventional chondrosarcoma accounts for 85% of all cases. Conventional chondrosarcoma may be central or peripheral. Most studies group central and peripheral chondrosarcomas together, although there is growing evidence that their clinical behaviour and prognosis differ. The aims of this study were to analyze any differences in characteristics between central and peripheral chondrosarcomas and to investigate the incidence and role of different syndromes.

Methods

Data from two international tertiary referral sarcoma centres between January 1995 and December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. The study population consisted of 714 patients with surgically treated conventional chondrosarcoma of the pelvis and limbs.


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 102-B, Issue 4 | Pages 524 - 529
1 Apr 2020
Jamshidi K Mirkazemi M Gharedaghi M Izanloo A Mohammadpour M Pisoudeh K Bagherifard A Mirzaei A

Aims

The consensus is that bipolar hemiarthroplasty (BHA) in allograft-prosthesis composite (APC) reconstruction of the proximal femur following primary tumour resection provides more stability than total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, no comparative study has been performed. In this study, we have compared the outcome and complication rates of these two methods.

Methods

In a retrospective study, 57 patients who underwent APC reconstruction of proximal femur following the primary tumour resection, either using BHA (29) or THA (28), were included. Functional outcome was assessed using the Musculoskeletal Tumour Society (MSTS) scoring system and Harris Hip Score (HHS). Postoperative complications of the two techniques were also compared.


Bone & Joint Open
Vol. 2, Issue 2 | Pages 125 - 133
1 Feb 2021
Bavan L Wijendra A Kothari A

Aims

Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are locally aggressive lesions typically found in the long bones of children and adolescents. A variety of management strategies have been reported to be effective in the treatment of these lesions. The purpose of this review was to assess the effectiveness of current strategies for the management of primary ABCs of the long bones.

Methods

A systematic review of the published literature was performed to identify all articles relating to the management of primary ABCs. Studies required a minimum 12-month follow-up and case series reporting on under ten participants were not included.


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 103-B, Issue 2 | Pages 382 - 390
1 Feb 2021
Wang H Tang X Ji T Yan T Yang R Guo W

Aims

There is an increased risk of dislocation of the hip after the resection of a periacetabular tumour and endoprosthetic reconstruction of the defect in the hemipelvis. The aim of this study was to determine the rate and timing of dislocation and to identify its risk factors.

Methods

To determine the dislocation rate, we conducted a retrospective single-institution study of 441 patients with a periacetabular tumour who had undergone a standard modular hemipelvic endoprosthetic reconstruction between 2003 and 2019. After excluding ineligible patients, 420 patients were enrolled. Patient-specific, resection-specific, and reconstruction-specific variables were studied using univariate and multivariate analyses.


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 102-B, Issue 11 | Pages 1567 - 1573
7 Nov 2020
Sambri A Dalla Rosa M Scorianz M Guido D Donati DM Campanacci DA De Paolis M

Aims

The aim of this study was to report the results of three forms of reconstruction for patients with a ditsl tibial bone tumour: an intercalary resection and reconstruction, an osteoarticular reconstruction, and arthrodesis of the ankle.

Methods

A total of 73 patients with a median age of 19 years (interquartile range (IQR) 14 to 36) were included in this retrospective, multicentre study.


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 102-B, Issue 3 | Pages 280 - 284
1 Mar 2020
Ogura K Boland PJ Fabbri N Healey JH

Aims

Although internal hemipelvectomy is associated with a high incidence of morbidity, especially wound complications, few studies have examined rates of wound complications in these patients or have identified factors associated with the consequences. The present study aimed to: 1) determine the rate of wound and other complications requiring surgery after internal hemipelvectomy; and 2) identify factors that affect the rate of wound complications and can be used to stratify patients by risk of wound complications.

Methods

The medical records of 123 patients undergoing internal hemipelvectomy were retrospectively reviewed, with a focus on both overall complications and wound complications. Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the association between host, tumour, and surgical factors and rates of postoperative wound complications.


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 86-B, Issue 5 | Pages 714 - 718
1 Jul 2004
Bickels J Kollender Y Merimsky O Isaakov J Petyan-Brand R Meller I

We report our experience with a new technique for cryosurgical ablation of bone tumours which allows accurate determination of the temperature and freezing time within a cavity of any geometrical shape. Between 1997 and 2000, 58 patients diagnosed with 13 malignant and 45 aggressive benign bone tumours underwent argon-based cryoablation. This technique includes removal of the tumour by curettage and filling the cavity with a gel medium into which metal probes are inserted. Argon gas is delivered through the metal probes and both time and temperature are computer-controlled. After formal reconstruction, all patients were followed for more than two years. None had skin necrosis, infection, neurapraxia or thromboembolic complication. Fractures occurred in two patients (3.4%) and the tumour recurred in two patients (3.4%)


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 84-B, Issue 6 | Pages 870 - 872
1 Aug 2002
Plasschaert F Craig C Bell R Cole WG Wunder JS Alman BA

Localised Langerhans-cell histiocytosis of bone (eosinophilic granuloma) is a benign tumour-like condition with a variable clinical course. Different forms of treatment have been reported to give satisfactory results. However, previous series all contain patients with a wide age range. Our aim was to investigate the effect of skeletal maturity on the rate of recurrence of isolated eosinophilic granuloma of bone excluding those arising in the spine. We followed up 32 patients with an isolated eosinophilic granuloma for a mean of five years; 17 were skeletally immature. No recurrences were noted in the skeletally immature group even after biopsy alone. By contrast, four of 13 skeletally mature patients had a recurrence and required further surgery. This suggests that eosinophilic granuloma has a low rate of recurrence in skeletally immature patients


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 86-B, Issue 2 | Pages 212 - 216
1 Mar 2004
Zhen W Yaotian H Songjian L Ge L Qingliang W

Giant-cell tumour of bone (GCT) is a locally benign aggressive tumour. The use of adjuvant agents, such as phenol or liquid nitrogen has been recommended to destroy the remaining tumour cells after curettage, and filling of the defect with methylmethacrylate cement has been advocated. Between 1957 and 1992 we treated 92 patients with a GCT with 50% aqueous zinc chloride solution and bone grafting. Their mean age at the time of surgery was 31 years (15 to 59) and the mean follow-up was 11 years (5 to 31). Twelve (13%) had a local recurrence and one had a wound infection. Two developed degenerative changes around the knee. Eighty-six (93%) achieved good or excellent function. Three had moderate function, and three needed amputation. Our findings indicate that treatment with an aqueous solution of zinc chloride and reconstructive bone grafting after curettage gives good results


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 83-B, Issue 7 | Pages 1020 - 1022
1 Sep 2001
Chick G Alnot J Silbermann-Hoffman O

A mucoid pseudocyst of a peripheral nerve is a rare and benign tumour of controversial origin. We have reviewed ten patients with a mean follow-up of 3.2 years. The tumour affected the common peroneal nerve in eight and the ulnar nerve in two. The mean time between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis was 7.4 months (1.2 months to 2 years). On examination, there was pain in eight patients and swelling in seven. Motor deficit in the corresponding nerve territory was found in all. The diagnosis was usually confirmed by MRI. Treatment was always surgical. All the patients recovered, with a mean time to neurological recovery of 10.75 months. Recurrence was seen in only one patient and was treated successfully by further surgery. Our results are similar to those reported by other authors. A successful surgical outcome depends on early diagnosis before neurological damage has occurred


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 79-B, Issue 1 | Pages 36 - 42
1 Jan 1997
Hsu RW Wood MB Sim FH Chao EYS

We have reviewed 30 patients at a mean of 36 months after free vascularised fibular transfer to reconstruct massive skeletal defects after resection of primary bone tumours. There were 23 malignant and 7 benign neoplasms, half in the lower limb and half in the upper. Arthrodesis was performed in 15 and intercalary bone replacement in 15. The mean fibular graft length was 189 mm. Union was achieved in 27 (90%) at an average of 7.6 months, and the 3-year survival was 89%. There was a high complication rate (50%), but most resolved without greatly influencing the final outcome. There was local recurrence in two (6.7%), but 16 of the 24 assessed patients (67%) had satisfactory functional results. This is a reasonably effective means of reconstruction for limb salvage after resection of tumours


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 84-B, Issue 7 | Pages 1000 - 1003
1 Sep 2002
Gibbons CLMH Khwaja HA Cole AS Cooke PH Athanasou NA

Giant-cell tumour of the tendon sheath (GCT-TS) is a benign solitary tumour which usually arises in the limbs. It occurs most often in the hand where local recurrence after excision has been reported in up to 45% of cases. It is less common in the foot where the biological behaviour and risk of local recurrence have not been defined. We have studied 17 cases of GCT-TS of the foot and ankle in which treatment was by excision. Fifteen presented as a solitary, painless, slow-growing soft-tissue swelling. One lesion was associated with sensory deficit of a digital nerve and one with pain on walking. Thirteen cases originated from the periarticular tendon-sheath complex of the small joints of the toes and four from the capsule or long tendons of the ankle. A correct preoperative diagnosis was made in only three cases. MRI proved to be the most useful preoperative investigation as GCT-TS has a characteristic appearance which allows planned local excision to be carried out. None of the patients with histologically confirmed GCT-TS required further surgery. There was no local recurrence in 15 patients who were available for follow-up at a mean of 85 months


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 101-B, Issue 10 | Pages 1313 - 1320
1 Oct 2019
Tsuda Y Gregory JJ Fujiwara T Abudu S

Aims

The aim of this study was to report the outcomes of patients who underwent definitive surgery for secondary chondrosarcomas arising from osteochondromas.

Patients and Methods

A total of 51 patients with secondary chondrosarcomas occurring from osteochondromas were reviewed. Median age was 36 years (interquartile range (IQR) 15 to 82). Median follow-up was 6.9 years (IQR 2.8 to 10.6). The pelvis was the most commonly affected site (59%). Histological grades were grade I in 35 (69%), grade II in 13 (25%), and grade III in three patients (6%).


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 82-B, Issue 5 | Pages 673 - 678
1 Jul 2000
Wedin R Bauer HCF Skoog L Söderlund V Tani E

We have previously shown that cytological diagnosis based on fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is a safe and efficient method for the discrimination between benign, primary malignant and metastatic bony lesions. We have now studied metastatic lesions to assess the diagnostic accuracy and to ascertain whether FNAB allows identification of the primary lesion. Between 1990 and 1997, 447 patients were referred for diagnosis of skeletal lesions of unknown type. Of these 119 proved to have metastatic disease, either myeloma or lymphoma. Nine were excluded leaving 110 consecutive patients with metastatic carcinoma (80), myeloma (16) or lymphoma (14). FNAB gave a correct diagnosis in 102 of the 110 patients (93%). In eight it was inconclusive. It correctly diagnosed 15 of 16 patients with myeloma, 12 of 14 with lymphoma, and 75 of 80 with metastatic carcinoma. Furthermore, the site and type of malignancy were correctly suggested in two-thirds of patients with metastatic carcinoma. Overall, only seven open biopsies were carried out. We conclude that time-consuming and costly investigations can be reduced by choosing FNAB as the initial diagnostic method for skeletal lesions of unknown origin. The choice of radiological examinations, laboratory tests and surgical biopsies can be determined by using FNAB


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 102-B, Issue 6 | Pages 788 - 794
1 Jun 2020
Kiiski J Parry MC Le Nail L Sumathi V Stevenson JD Kaartinen IS Jeys LM Laitinen MK

Aims

Survival rates and local control after resection of a sarcoma of the pelvis compare poorly to those of the limbs and have a high incidence of complications. The outcome for patients who need a hindquarter amputation (HQA) to treat a pelvic sarcoma is poor. Our aim was to evaluate the patient, tumour, and reconstructive factors that affect the survival of the patients who undergo HQA for primary or recurrent pelvic sarcoma.

Methods

We carried out a retrospective review of all sarcoma patients who had undergone a HQA in a supraregional sarcoma unit between 1996 and 2018. Outcomes included oncological, surgical, and survival characteristics.