Aims

Acquired heterotopic ossification (HO) is a debilitating disease characterized by abnormal extraskeletal bone formation within soft-tissues after injury. The exact pathogenesis of HO remains unknown. It was reported that BRD4 may contribute to osteoblastic differentiation. The current study aims to determine the role of BRD4 in the pathogenesis of HO and whether it could be a potential target for HO therapy.

Aims

We wanted to evaluate the effects of a bone anabolic agent (bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2)) on an anti-catabolic background (systemic or local zoledronate) on fixation of allografted revision implants.

Aims

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) (1-34) exhibits potential in preventing degeneration in both cartilage and subchondral bone in osteoarthritis (OA) development. We assessed the effects of PTH (1-34) at different concentrations on bone and cartilage metabolism in a collagenase-induced mouse model of OA and examined whether PTH (1-34) affects the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway in this process.

We report the results of intramedullary leg lengthening conducted between 2002 and 2009 using the Intramedullary Skeletal Kinetic Distractor in 69 unilateral lengthenings involving 58 femora and 11 tibiae. We identified difficulties that occurred during the treatment and assessed whether they were specifically due to the implant or independent of it. Paley’s classification for evaluating problems, obstacles and complications with external fixators was adopted, and implant-specific difficulties were continuously noted. There were seven failures requiring premature removal of the device, in four due to nail breakage and three for other reasons, and five unsuccessful outcomes after completion of the lengthening. In all, 116 difficulties were noted in 45 patients, with only 24 having problem-free courses. In addition to the difficulties arising from the use of external fixators, there were almost the same number again of implant-specific difficulties. Nevertheless, successful femoral lengthening was achieved in 52 of the 58 patients (90%). However, successful tibial lengthening was only achieved in five of 11 patients (45%)

Aims

Porous metaphyseal cones can be used for fixation in revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) and complex TKAs. This metaphyseal fixation has led to some surgeons using shorter cemented stems instead of diaphyseal engaging cementless stems with a potential benefit of ease of obtaining proper alignment without being beholden to the diaphysis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate short term clinical and radiographic outcomes of a series of TKA cases performed using 3D-printed metaphyseal cones.

The use of a subcortical graft of autogenous iliac bone in patients with delayed union or non-union of fractured tibiae is described together with the results in twenty-nine patients. This procedure when performed early even in the presence of mild sepsis makes it possible to shorten the time of healing without any undue risk

1. The radiographs of paired living and dead rat tibiae, obtained in an experiment previously reported, have been examined by densitometry. 2. The dead bone became progressively less dense than the living bone as the duration of the implantation increased. 3. The change in density was related to the quantity, but not to the quality, of the bone tissue examined

1. A patient is described, the thirty-fourth reported, who shows all the skeletal changes of pycnodysostosis with the exception of the oral findings. 2. It is suggested that the pseudarthroses of the tibiae in our patient cannot be taken as evidence against normal union because of the possibility of inadequate management of the fractures. 3. We consider that the use of strong intramedullary nails in the treatment of long bone fractures in these cases is advisable

We have treated 12 adolescent patients with idiopathic tibia vara by asymmetrical physeal distraction using a modified Wagner external fixator. There were no major complications and a mean correction of 13 degrees was achieved. The main advantages of the technique are that no osteotomy, internal fixation or bone graft is needed, and that the operation can be performed on both tibiae simultaneously. No shortening is produced and lengthening can be added to angular correction if required

1. A case of Fanconi's syndrome, with evidence of renal tubular dysfunction, is reported. 2. Healing of the rachitic lesions followed massive doses of calciferol. There was simultaneous improvement in the biochemical state. This case is probably unique in that the amino-aciduria disappeared. 3. Two-stage osteotomies were undertaken for the correction of severe bowing of the tibiae. 4. No toxic symptoms have developed so far from the calciferol therapy

Osteofibrous dysplasia is a rare condition usually affecting the tibiae and fibulae of males in the first two decades of life. Involvement at the ulna has also been reported in some cases. We describe an extensive, rapidly progressive lesion of the ulna in a three-year-old girl. The progression of the disease accelerated after a local marginal removal, and required extensive resection of the ulna with reconstruction using a fibular autograft. The particular features of this case are the change in the aggressive nature of the condition, which has not been previously reported. We believe that this is only the second recorded case of histologically proven involvement of the ulna

Three cases of severe osteogenesis imperfecta are reported. Each was treated by closed intramedullary rodding, combined with osteoclasis to correct deformity. Operation was performed within a few months of birth. Both tibiae and both femora were stabilised in one operation, using x-ray image intensification to monitor placement of the rods. The technique used to insert the rods is described. The procedure appeared to be entirely satisfactory in reducing the incidence of fractures and it allowed the affected infants to be handled much more easily

We report the operative technique and results of a new method of central grafting for persistent nonunion of the tibial shaft. The operation is performed through a lateral approach, anterior to the fibula. Fresh autogenous bone from the iliac crest is used to form a central bridge between the tibia and fibula above, below and at the level of the nonunion. In 48 tibiae, most with long-standing nonunion and some with infection or bone defects, sound healing was obtained in 45 after one operation. Only one failure needed amputation

We measured the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content of callus at various intervals during healing in 78 fractured tibiae in 10- to 12-week-old rabbits. The results, compared with the level in normal tissues, showed a high rate of energy metabolism in the early phase of fracture healing, which persisted until the callus was corticalised and remodelling had started. The ATP content could provide a more sensitive index to monitor fracture healing in animal studies. Our findings lend support to the need for nutritional supplements for patients with multiple fractures

Bone weakness leading to refracture is a recognised complication of the removal of rigid fixation plates. We have used partially demineralised rabbit tibiae to simulate atrophic changes and to determine whether weakness is due to atrophy or to residual screw holes. Partial demineralisation and a screw hole each reduced maximum bending moment. However, energy absorbing capacity was little affected by demineralisation, but was reduced to 50% by a single drill hole. Residual screw holes are a considerably more important cause of bone weakness after plate removal than is cortical atrophy

A dose of 48 Gy of X-irradiation given over two to five weeks after grafting caused no significant delay in the rate of healing and only a small and statistically non-significant decrease in the torsional strength of the graft-bone junction of either vascularised or non-vascularised bone grafts of the tibiae of rabbits. Healing was faster and the union between the graft and adjacent bone developed torsional strength significantly more rapidly with vascularised than with non-vascularised grafts. These findings suggest that postoperative radiotherapy is unlikely to have a significantly deleterious effect on the healing of bone grafts used to repair defects produced by excision of malignant bone tumours

1. The conservative school of treatment of fractures of the tibia, which bases part of its criticism of internal fixation on the ultimate risk of amputation, does not often publish its own rates of amputation. 2. Statistics from a hospital that treats one-third of closed fractured tibiae and two-thirds of compound fractures by internal fixation are therefore put up as a basis for criticism. 3. Comparisons are made with the few available statistics in the literature of conservative treatment. 4. Almost all of the causes for secondary amputation are now curable and in recent years the number of limbs being saved is increasing

Aims

LY3023414 is a novel oral phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) dual inhibitor designed for advanced cancers, for which a phase II clinical study was completed in March 2020; however, little is known about its effect on bone modelling/remodelling. In this study, we aimed to explore the function of LY3023414 in bone modelling/remodelling.

1. The arrangement of collagen fibres in the secondary osteones in human femora and tibiae has been examined. The fibres were observed in paraffin sections stained by Weidenreich's method. 2. Three fibre patterns have been observed. They differ from one another in the relative numbers of longitudinal and circumferential fibres which they contain, and in the degree of lamellation which they exhibit. 3. The incidence of the three fibre patterns has been correlated with the relative ages of the regions of bone in which they occur. 4. The possibility of a correlation between variations in fibre pattern and certain recent microradiographic observations is discussed