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Bone & Joint Open
Vol. 5, Issue 8 | Pages 715 - 720
23 Aug 2024
Shen TS Cheng R Chiu Y McLawhorn AS Figgie MP Westrich GH

Aims

Implant waste during total hip arthroplasty (THA) represents a significant cost to the USA healthcare system. While studies have explored methods to improve THA cost-effectiveness, the literature comparing the proportions of implant waste by intraoperative technology used during THA is limited. The aims of this study were to: 1) examine whether the use of enabling technologies during THA results in a smaller proportion of wasted implants compared to navigation-guided and conventional manual THA; 2) determine the proportion of wasted implants by implant type; and 3) examine the effects of surgeon experience on rates of implant waste by technology used.

Methods

We identified 104,420 implants either implanted or wasted during 18,329 primary THAs performed on 16,724 patients between January 2018 and June 2022 at our institution. THAs were separated by technology used: robotic-assisted (n = 4,171), imageless navigation (n = 6,887), and manual (n = 7,721). The primary outcome of interest was the rate of implant waste during primary THA.


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 69-B, Issue 3 | Pages 346 - 351
1 May 1987
Saito S Inoue A Ono K

We have studied core biopsy specimens from 16 femoral heads affected by idiopathic avascular necrosis at the silent stage, when there were no clinical or radiographic manifestations but scintigraphy was positive. All the specimens showed necrosis of trabeculae and of bone marrow, but the most common and characteristic feature was evidence of old and new haemorrhage in the marrow. In the areas of intramedullary haemorrhages, trabeculae and bone marrow were completely necrotic, with a transitional area of incomplete necrosis between these areas and those without haemorrhagic lesions, where the trabeculae and bone marrow were normal. There was good correlation between necrosis and haemorrhagic episodes, and it was concluded that repeated intramedullary haemorrhage at the silent stage is probably related to the pathogenesis of idiopathic avascular necrosis of the femoral head


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 103-B, Issue 3 | Pages 589 - 596
1 Mar 2021
Amin N Kraft J Fishlock A White A Holton C Kinsey S Feltbower R James B

Aims. Osteonecrosis (ON) can cause considerable morbidity in young people who undergo treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). The aims of this study were to determine the operations undertaken for ON in this population in the UK, along with the timing of these operations and any sequential procedures that are used in different joints. We also explored the outcomes of those patients treated by core decompression (CD), and compared this with conservative management, in both the pre- or post-collapse stages of ON. Methods. UK treatment centres were contacted to obtain details regarding surgical interventions and long-term outcomes for patients who were treated for ALL and who developed ON in UKALL 2003 (the national leukaemia study which recruited patients aged 1 to 24 years at diagnosis of ALL between 2003 and 2011). Imaging of patients with ON affecting the femoral head was requested and was used to score all lesions, with subsequent imaging used to determine the final grade. Kaplan-Meier failure time plots were used to compare the use of CD with non surgical management. Results. Detailed information was received for 85 patients who had developed ON during the course of their ALL treatment. A total of 206 joints were affected by ON. Of all joints affected by ON, 21% required arthroplasty, and 43% of all hips affected went on to be replaced. CD was performed in 30% of hips affected by ON. The majority of the hips were grade 4 or 5 at initial diagnosis of ON. There was no significant difference in time to joint collapse between those joints in which CD was performed, compared with no joint-preserving surgical intervention. Conclusion. There is a high incidence of surgery in young people who have received treatment for ALL and who have developed ON. Our results suggest that CD of the femoral head in this group of patients does not delay or improve the rates of femoral head survival. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(3):589–596


Bone & Joint Research
Vol. 12, Issue 1 | Pages 5 - 8
1 Jan 2023
Im G

Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2023;12(1):5–8.


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 95-B, Issue 11_Supple_A | Pages 63 - 66
1 Nov 2013
Rodriguez JA Cooper HJ

Large ceramic femoral heads offer several advantages that are potentially advantageous to patients undergoing both primary and revision total hip replacement. Many high-quality studies have demonstrated the benefit of large femoral heads in reducing post-operative instability. Ceramic femoral heads may also offer an advantage in reducing polyethylene wear that has been reported in vitro and is starting to become clinically apparent in mid-term clinical outcome studies. Additionally, the risk of taper corrosion at a ceramic femoral head–neck junction is clearly lower than when using a metal femoral head. With improvements in the material properties of both modern ceramic femoral heads and polyethylene acetabular liners that have reduced the risk of mechanical complications, large ceramic heads have gained popularity in recent years. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B, Supple A:63–6


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 102-B, Issue 8 | Pages 1003 - 1009
1 Aug 2020
Mononen H Sund R Halme J Kröger H Sirola J

Aims. There is evidence that prior lumbar fusion increases the risk of dislocation and revision after total hip arthroplasty (THA). The relationship between prior lumbar fusion and the effect of femoral head diameter on THA dislocation has not been investigated. We examined the relationship between prior lumbar fusion or discectomy and the risk of dislocation or revision after THA. We also examined the effect of femoral head component diameter on the risk of dislocation or revision. Methods. Data used in this study were compiled from several Finnish national health registers, including the Finnish Arthroplasty Register (FAR) which was the primary source for prosthesis-related data. Other registers used in this study included the Finnish Health Care Register (HILMO), the Social Insurance Institutions (SII) registers, and Statistics Finland. The study was conducted as a prospective retrospective cohort study. Cox proportional hazards regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used for analysis. Results. Prior lumbar fusion surgery was associated with increased risk of prosthetic dislocation (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.393, p < 0.001) and revision (HR = 1.528, p < 0.001). Head components larger than 28 mm were associated with lower dislocation rates compared to the 28 mm head (32 mm: HR = 0.712, p < 0.001; 36 mm: HR = 0.700, p < 0.001; 38 mm: HR = 0.808, p < 0.140; and 40 mm: HR = 0.421, p < 0.001). Heads of 38 mm (HR = 1.288, p < 0.001) and 40 mm (HR = 1.367, p < 0.001) had increased risk of revision compared to the 28 mm head. Conclusion. Lumbar fusion surgery was associated with higher rate of hip prosthesis dislocation and higher risk of revision surgery. Femoral head component of 32 mm (or larger) associates with lower risk of dislocation in patients with previous lumbar fusion. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(8):1003–1009


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 103-B, Issue 4 | Pages 665 - 671
1 Apr 2021
Osawa Y Seki T Okura T Takegami Y Ishiguro N Hasegawa Y

Aims. We compared the clinical outcomes of curved intertrochanteric varus osteotomy (CVO) with bone impaction grafting (BIG) with CVO alone for the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Methods. This retrospective comparative study included 81 patients with ONFH; 37 patients (40 hips) underwent CVO with BIG (BIG group) and 44 patients (47 hips) underwent CVO alone (CVO group). Patients in the BIG group were followed-up for a mean of 12.2 years (10.0 to 16.5). Patients in the CVO group were followed-up for a mean of 14.5 years (10.0 to 21.0). Assessment parameters included the Harris Hip Score (HHS), Oxford Hip Score (OHS), Japanese Orthopaedic Association Hip-Disease Evaluation Questionnaire (JHEQ), complication rates, and survival rates, with conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA) and radiological failure as the endpoints. Results. There were no significant differences in preoperative and postoperative HHS or postoperative OHS and JHEQ between the BIG group and the CVO group. Complication rates were comparable between groups. Ten-year survival rates with conversion to THA and radiological failure as the endpoints were not significantly different between groups. Successful CVO (postoperative coverage ratio of more than one-third) exhibited better ten-year survival rates with radiological failure as the endpoint in the BIG group (91.4%) than in the CVO group (77.7%), but this difference was not significant (p = 0.079). Conclusion. Long-term outcomes of CVO with BIG were favourable when proper patient selection and accurate surgery are performed. However, this study did not show improvements in treatment results with the concomitant use of BIG. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(4):665–671


Bone & Joint Research
Vol. 11, Issue 2 | Pages 102 - 111
1 Feb 2022
Jung C Cha Y Yoon HS Park CH Yoo J Kim J Jeon Y

Aims

In this study, we aimed to explore surgical variations in the Femoral Neck System (FNS) used for stable fixation of Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures.

Methods

Finite element models were established with surgical variations in the distance between the implant tip and subchondral bone, the gap between the plate and lateral femoral cortex, and inferior implant positioning. The models were subjected to physiological load.


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 93-B, Issue 2 | Pages 184 - 187
1 Feb 2011
Motomura G Yamamoto T Yamaguchi R Ikemura S Nakashima Y Mawatari T Iwamoto Y

In order to investigate the mechanisms of collapse in osteonecrosis of the femoral head, we examined which part of the femoral head was the key point of a collapse and whether a collapsed region was associated with the size of the necrotic lesion. Using 30 consecutive surgically removed femoral heads we retrospectively analysed whole serial cut sections, specimen photographs, specimen radiographs and histological sections. In all of the femoral heads, collapse consistently involved a fracture at the lateral boundary of the necrotic lesion. Histologically, the fractures occurred at the junction between the thickened trabeculae of the reparative zone and the necrotic bone trabeculae. When the medial boundary of the necrotic lesion was located lateral to the fovea of the femoral head, 18 of 19 femoral heads collapsed in the subchondral region. By contrast, when the medial boundary was located medial to the fovea, collapse in the subchondral region was observed in four of 11 femoral heads (p = 0.0011). We found that collapse began at the lateral boundary of the necrotic lesion and that the size of the necrotic lesion seemed to contribute to its distribution


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 11, Issue 1 | Pages 43 - 46
1 Feb 2022


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 100-B, Issue 10 | Pages 1310 - 1319
1 Oct 2018
Langton DJ Wells SR Joyce TJ Bowsher JG Deehan D Green S Nargol AVF Holland JP

Aims. There are limited published data detailing the volumetric material loss from tapers of conventional metal-on-polyethylene (MoP) total hip arthroplasties (THAs). Our aim was to address this by comparing the taper wear rates measured in an explanted cohort of the widely used Exeter THA with those measured in a group of metal-on-metal (MoM) THAs. Patients and Methods. We examined an existing retrieval database to identify all Exeter V40 and Universal MoP THAs. Volumetric wear analysis of the taper surfaces was conducted using previously validated methodology. These values were compared with those obtained from a series of MoM THAs using non-parametric statistical methodology. A number of patient and device variables were accounted for using multiple regression modelling. Results. A total of 95 Exeter MoP and 249 MoM THAs were examined. The median volumetric loss from the MoM cohort was over four times larger than that from the MoP cohort (1.01 mm. 3. vs 0.23 mm. 3. , p < 0.001), despite a significantly shorter median period in vivo for the MoM group (48 months vs 90 months, p < 0.001). Multiple regression modelling indicated that the dominant variables leading to greater female taper material loss were bearing diameter (p < 0.001), larger female taper angles (p < 0.001), and male titanium stem tapers (p < 0.001). Conclusion. Consistent with the long-term clinical success of the device, the volumetric material loss from Exeter femoral head tapers was, in general, small compared with that from larger-diameter MoM head tapers. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:1310–9


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 96-B, Issue 11_Supple_A | Pages 23 - 26
1 Nov 2014
Cooper HJ Della Valle CJ

Dislocation remains among the most common complications of, and reasons for, revision of both primary and revision total hip replacements (THR). Hence, there is great interest in maximising stability to prevent this complication. Head size has been recognised to have a strong influence on the risk of dislocation post-operatively. As femoral head size increases, stability is augmented, secondary to an increase in impingement-free range of movement. Larger head sizes also greatly increase the ‘jump distance’ required for the head to dislocate in an appropriately positioned cup. Level-one studies support the use of larger diameter heads as they decrease the risk of dislocation following primary and revision THR. Highly cross-linked polyethylene has allowed us to increase femoral head size, without a marked increase in wear. However, the thin polyethylene liners necessary to accommodate larger heads may increase the risk of liner fracture and larger heads have also been implicated in causing soft-tissue impingement resulting in groin pain. Larger diameter heads also impart larger forces on the femoral trunnion, which may contribute to corrosion, metal release, and adverse local tissue reactions. Alternative large bearings including large ceramic heads and dual mobility bearings may mitigate some of these risks, and several of these devices have been used with clinical success. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B(11 Suppl A):23–6


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 10, Issue 5 | Pages 15 - 18
1 Oct 2021


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 103-B, Issue 11 | Pages 1662 - 1668
1 Nov 2021
Bhanushali A Chimutengwende-Gordon M Beck M Callary SA Costi K Howie DW Solomon LB

Aims

The aims of this study were to compare clinically relevant measurements of hip dysplasia on radiographs taken in the supine and standing position, and to compare Hip2Norm software and Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS)-derived digital radiological measurements.

Methods

Preoperative supine and standing radiographs of 36 consecutive patients (43 hips) who underwent periacetabular osteotomy surgery were retrospectively analyzed from a single-centre, two-surgeon cohort. Anterior coverage (AC), posterior coverage (PC), lateral centre-edge angle (LCEA), acetabular inclination (AI), sharp angle (SA), pelvic tilt (PT), retroversion index (RI), femoroepiphyseal acetabular roof (FEAR) index, femoroepiphyseal horizontal angle (FEHA), leg length discrepancy (LLD), and pelvic obliquity (PO) were analyzed using both Hip2Norm software and PACS-derived measurements where applicable.


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 95-B, Issue 5 | Pages 643 - 648
1 May 2013
Wang J Hsu C Huang C Lin P Chen W

Structural allografts may be used to manage uncontained bone defects in revision total knee replacement (TKR). However, the availability of cadaver grafts is limited in some areas of Asia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mid-term outcome of the use of femoral head allografts for the reconstruction of uncontained defects in revision TKR, focusing on complications related to the graft. We retrospectively reviewed 28 patients (30 TKRs) with Anderson Orthopaedic Research Institute (AORI) type 3 bone defects, who underwent revision using femoral head allografts and stemmed components. The mean number of femoral heads used was 1.7 (1 to 3). The allograft–host junctions were packed with cancellous autograft. At a mean follow-up of 76 months (38 to 136) the mean American Knee Society knee score improved from 37.2 (17 to 60) pre-operatively to 90 (83 to 100) (p < 0.001). The mean function score improved from 26.5 (0 to 50) pre-operatively to 81 (60 to 100) (p < 0.001). All the grafts healed to the host bone. The mean time to healing of the graft was 6.6 months (4 to 16). There have been no complications of collapse of the graft, nonunion, infection or implant loosening. No revision surgery was required. The use of femoral head allografts in conjunction with a stemmed component and autogenous bone graft in revision TKR in patients with uncontained bone defects resulted in a high rate of healing of the graft with minimal complications and a satisfactory outcome. Longer follow-up is needed to observe the evolution of the graft. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:643–8


Bone & Joint Research
Vol. 3, Issue 4 | Pages 130 - 138
1 Apr 2014
Shapiro F Connolly S Zurakowski D Flynn E Jaramillo D

Objectives. An experimental piglet model induces avascular necrosis (AVN) and deformation of the femoral head but its secondary effects on the developing acetabulum have not been studied. The aim of this study was to assess the development of secondary acetabular deformation following femoral head ischemia. Methods. Intracapsular circumferential ligation at the base of the femoral neck and sectioning of the ligamentum teres were performed in three week old piglets. MRI was then used for qualitative and quantitative studies of the acetabula in operated and non-operated hips in eight piglets from 48 hours to eight weeks post-surgery. Specimen photographs and histological sections of the acetabula were done at the end of the study. . Results. The operated-side acetabula were wider, shallower and misshapen, with flattened labral edges. At eight weeks, increased acetabular cartilage thickness characterised the operated sides compared with non-operated sides (p < 0.001, ANOVA). The mean acetabular width on the operated side was increased (p = 0.015) while acetabular depth was decreased anteriorly (p = 0.007) and posteriorly (p = 0.44). The cartilage was thicker, with delayed acetabular bone formation, and showed increased vascularisation with fibrosis laterally and focal degenerative changes involving chondrocyte hypocellularity, chondrocyte cloning, peripheral pannus formation and surface fibrillation. . Conclusions. We demonstrate that femoral head AVN in the young growing piglet also induced, and was coupled with, secondary malformation in acetabular shape affecting both articular and adjacent pelvic cartilage structure, and acetabular bone. The femoral head model inducing AVN can also be applied to studies of acetabular maldevelopment, which is less well understood in terms of developing hip malformation. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2014;3:130–8


Bone & Joint Research
Vol. 5, Issue 6 | Pages 276 - 279
1 Jun 2016
Zhu H Gao Y Wang Y Zhang C

Objectives. Circulating exosomes represent novel biomarkers for multiple diseases. In this study, we investigated whether circulating exosome levels could be used as a diagnostic biomarker for steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Methods. We assessed the serum exosome level of 85 patients with steroid-induced ONFH and 115 healthy donors by Nanosight detection. We then assessed the diagnostic accuracy of serum exosomes by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results. The circulating exosome level of the ONFH group was significantly lower than that of control group. The area under the curve was 0.72, suggesting that the level of serum exosomes has moderate diagnostic accuracy for steroid-induced ONFH. Conclusion. Circulating exosome levels are valuable in the diagnosis of steroid-induced ONFH. Cite this article: H-Y. Zhu, Y-C. Gao, Y. Wang, C-Q. Zhang. Circulating exosome levels in the diagnosis of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:276–279. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.56.BJR-2015-0014.R1


Bone & Joint Research
Vol. 6, Issue 5 | Pages 345 - 350
1 May 2017
Di Laura A Hothi H Henckel J Swiatkowska I Liow MHL Kwon Y Skinner JA Hart AJ

Objectives. The use of ceramic femoral heads in total hip arthroplasty (THA) has increased due to their proven low bearing wear characteristics. Ceramic femoral heads are also thought to reduce wear and corrosion at the head-stem junction with titanium (Ti) stems when compared with metal heads. We sought to evaluate taper damage of ceramic compared with metal heads when paired with cobalt chromium (CoCr) alloy stems in a single stem design. Methods. This retrieval study involved 48 total hip arthroplasties (THAs) with CoCr V40 trunnions paired with either CoCr (n = 21) or ceramic (n = 27) heads. The taper junction of all hips was evaluated for fretting/corrosion damage and volumetric material loss using a roundness-measuring machine. We used linear regression analysis to investigate taper damage differences after adjusting for potential confounding variables. Results. We measured median taper material loss rates of 0.210 mm. 3. /year (0.030 to 0.448) for the metal head group and 0.084 mm. 3. /year (0.059 to 0.108) for the ceramic group. The difference was not significant (p = 0.58). Moreover, no significant correlation between material loss and implant or patient factors (p > 0.05) was found. Conclusions. Metal heads did not increase taper damage on CoCr trunnions compared with ceramic heads from the same hip design. The amount of material released at the taper junctions was very low when compared with available data regarding CoCr/Ti coupling in metal-on-metal bearings. Cite this article: A. Di Laura, H. Hothi, J. Henckel, I. Swiatkowska, M. H. L. Liow, Y-M. Kwon, J. A. Skinner, A. J. Hart. Retrieval analysis of metal and ceramic femoral heads on a single CoCr stem design. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:–350. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.65.BJR-2016-0325.R1


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 89-B, Issue 1 | Pages 9 - 15
1 Jan 2007
Beaulé PE Harvey N Zaragoza E Le Duff MJ Dorey FJ

Because the femoral head/neck junction is preserved in hip resurfacing, patients may be at greater risk of impingement, leading to abnormal wear patterns and pain. We assessed femoral head/neck offset in 63 hips undergoing metal-on-metal hip resurfacing and in 56 hips presenting with non-arthritic pain secondary to femoroacetabular impingement. Most hips undergoing resurfacing (57%; 36) had an offset ratio ≤ 0.15 pre-operatively and required greater correction of offset at operation than the rest of the group. In the non-arthritic hips the mean offset ratio was 0.137 (0.04 to 0.23), with the offset ratio correlating negatively to an increasing α angle. An offset ratio ≤ 0.15 had a 9.5-fold increased relative risk of having an α angle ≥ 50.5°. Most hips undergoing resurfacing have an abnormal femoral head/neck offset, which is best assessed in the sagittal plane


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 99-B, Issue 10 | Pages 1267 - 1279
1 Oct 2017
Chughtai M Piuzzi NS Khlopas A Jones LC Goodman SB Mont MA

Non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head is a potentially devastating condition, the prevalence of which is increasing. Many joint-preserving forms of treatment, both medical and surgical, have been developed in an attempt to slow or reverse its progression, as it usually affects young patients. However, it is important to evaluate the best evidence that is available for the many forms of treatment considering the variation in the demographics of the patients, the methodology and the outcomes in the studies that have been published, so that it can be used effectively. . The purpose of this review, therefore, was to provide an up-to-date, evidence-based guide to the management, both non-operative and operative, of non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head. . Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1267–79