The optimal choice of management for proximal humerus fractures (PHFs) has been increasingly discussed in the literature, and this work aimed to answer the following questions: 1) what are the incidence rates of PHF in the geriatric population in the USA; 2) what is the mortality rate after PHF in the elderly population, specifically for distinct treatment procedures; and 3) what factors influence the mortality rate? PHFs occurring between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2019 were identified from the Medicare physician service records. Incidence rates were determined, mortality rates were calculated, and semiparametric Cox regression was applied, incorporating 23 demographic, clinical, and socioeconomic covariates, to compare the mortality risk between treatments.Aims
Methods
Necrotising soft-tissue infections (NSTIs) of
the upper limb are uncommon, but potentially life-threatening. We
used a national database to investigate the risk factors for amputation
of the limb and death. We extracted data from the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination
database on 116 patients (79 men and 37 women) who had a NSTI of
the upper extremity between 2007 and 2010. The overall in-hospital mortality was 15.5%. Univariate analysis
of in-hospital mortality showed that the significant variables were
age (p = 0.015), liver dysfunction (p = 0.005), renal dysfunction
(P <
0.001), altered consciousness (p = 0.049), and sepsis (p
= 0.021). Logistic regression analysis showed that the factors associated with
death in hospital were age over 70 years (Odds Ratio (OR) 6.6; 95%
confidence interval (CI) 1.5 to 28.2; p = 0.011) and renal dysfunction
(OR 15.4; 95% CI 3.8 to 62.8; p <
0.001). Univariate analysis of limb amputation showed that the significant
variables were diabetes (p = 0.017) mellitus and sepsis (p = 0.001).
Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the factors
related to limb amputation were sepsis (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.5 to 24.0;
p = 0.013) and diabetes mellitus (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.1 to 21.1; p
= 0.038). For NSTIs of the upper extremity, advanced age and renal dysfunction
are both associated with a higher rate of in-hospital mortality.
Sepsis and diabetes mellitus are both associated with a higher rate
of amputation. Cite this article:
We performed a systematic review of the literature to determine
whether earlier surgical repair of acute rotator cuff tear (ARCT)
leads to superior post-operative clinical outcomes. The MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Libraries,
controlled-trials.com and clinicaltrials.gov databases were searched
using the terms: ‘rotator cuff’, or ‘supraspinatus’, or ‘infraspinatus’,
or ‘teres minor’, or ‘subscapularis’ AND ‘surgery’ or ‘repair’.
This gave a total of 15 833 articles. After deletion of duplicates
and the review of abstracts and full texts by two independent assessors,
15 studies reporting time to surgery for ARCT repair were included.
Studies were grouped based on time to surgery <
3 months (group
A, seven studies), or >
3 months (group B, eight studies). Weighted
means were calculated and compared using Student’s Aims
Methods
Excision is not a suitable treatment for all comminuted fractures of the radial head. In elbows where instability can be predicted, a replacement arthroplasty of the radial head is more effective. The aim of this paper was to present the medium-term results of the Judet floating radial head prosthesis. This operation was performed on 14 patients between 1992 and 2003, of whom 12 were reviewed at a mean follow-up of five years and three months (1 to 12 years). The outcome was assessed using the Mayo elbow performance score and a modified Disability of Arm Shoulder Hand (DASH) questionnaire. There were six excellent results, four good, one fair and one poor, as graded by the Mayo score. The mean DASH score was 23.9/100 (0 to 65.8/100). The only significant complication occurred in one patient who developed a severe complex regional pain syndrome. There were no patients with secondary instability of the elbow, implant loosening, cubitus valgus, osteoporosis of the capitellum, or pain in the forearm and wrist. Our experience, combined with that of other authors using this device, has encouraged us to continue using the Judet prosthesis in comminuted fractures of the elbow where instability is a potential problem.
