Interleukin (IL)-1β is one of the major pathogenic regulators during the pathological development of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). However, effective treatment options for IDD are limited. Suramin is used to treat African sleeping sickness. This study aimed to investigate the pharmacological effects of suramin on mitigating IDD and to characterize the underlying mechanism. Porcine nucleus pulposus (NP) cells were treated with vehicle, 10 ng/ml IL-1β, 10 μM suramin, or 10 μM suramin plus IL-1β. The expression levels of catabolic and anabolic proteins, proinflammatory cytokines, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and nuclear factor (NF)-κB-related signalling molecules were assessed by Western blotting, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and immunofluorescence analysis. Flow cytometry was applied to detect apoptotic cells. The ex vivo effects of suramin were examined using IDD organ culture and differentiation was analyzed by Safranin O-Fast green and Alcian blue staining.Aims
Methods
The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy and safety of carbazochrome sodium sulfonate (CSS) combined with tranexamic acid (TXA) on blood loss and inflammatory responses after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA), and to investigate the influence of different administration methods of CSS on perioperative blood loss during THA. This study is a randomized controlled trial involving 200 patients undergoing primary unilateral THA. A total of 200 patients treated with intravenous TXA were randomly assigned to group A (combined intravenous and topical CSS), group B (topical CSS), group C (intravenous CSS), or group D (placebo).Aims
Methods
The primary aim of this study was to compare the hip-specific functional outcome of robotic assisted total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) with manual total hip arthroplasty (mTHA) in patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Secondary aims were to compare general health improvement, patient satisfaction, and radiological component position and restoration of leg length between rTHA and mTHA. A total of 40 patients undergoing rTHA were propensity score matched to 80 patients undergoing mTHA for OA. Patients were matched for age, sex, and preoperative function. The Oxford Hip Score (OHS), Forgotten Joint Score (FJS), and EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D) were collected pre- and postoperatively (mean 10 months (SD 2.2) in rTHA group and 12 months (SD 0.3) in mTHA group). In addition, patient satisfaction was collected postoperatively. Component accuracy was assessed using Lewinnek and Callanan safe zones, and restoration of leg length were assessed radiologically.Aims
Methods
The aim of the current study was to assess the reliability of the Ottawa classification for symptomatic acetabular dysplasia. In all, 134 consecutive hips that underwent periacetabular osteotomy were categorized using a validated software (Hip2Norm) into four categories of normal, lateral/global, anterior, or posterior. A total of 74 cases were selected for reliability analysis, and these included 44 dysplastic and 30 normal hips. A group of six blinded fellowship-trained raters, provided with the classification system, looked at these radiographs at two separate timepoints to classify the hips using standard radiological measurements. Thereafter, a consensus meeting was held where a modified flow diagram was devised, before a third reading by four raters using a separate set of 74 radiographs took place.Aims
Methods
To assess the variation in pre-fracture quality of life (QoL) within the UK hip fracture population, and quantify the nature and strength of associations between QoL and other routinely collected patient characteristics and treatment choices. The World Hip Trauma Evaluation (WHiTE) study, an observational cohort study of UK hip fracture patients, collects a range of routine data and a health-related QoL score (EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D)). Pre-fracture QoL data are summarized and statistical models fitted to understand associations between QoL, patient characteristics, fracture types, and operations.Aims
Methods
The diversity of femoral morphology renders femoral component sizing in total hip arthroplasty (THA) challenging. We aimed to determine whether femoral morphology and femoral component filling influence early clinical and radiological outcomes following THA using fully hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated femoral components. We retrospectively reviewed records of 183 primary uncemented THAs. Femoral morphology, including Dorr classification, canal bone ratio (CBR), canal flare index (CFI), and canal-calcar ratio (CCR), were calculated on preoperative radiographs. The canal fill ratio (CFR) was calculated at different levels relative to the lesser trochanter (LT) using immediate postoperative radiographs: P1, 2 cm above LT; P2, at LT; P3, 2 cm below LT; and D1, 7 cm below LT. At two years, radiological femoral component osseointegration was evaluated using the Engh score, and hip function using the Postel Merle d’Aubigné (PMA) and Oxford Hip Score (OHS).Aims
Methods
The diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is difficult and requires a battery of tests and clinical findings. The purpose of this review is to summarize all current evidence for common and new serum biomarkers utilized in the diagnosis of PJI. We searched two literature databases, using terms that encompass all hip and knee arthroplasty procedures, as well as PJI and statistical terms reflecting diagnostic parameters. The findings are summarized as a narrative review.Objectives
Methods
Sagittal alignment of the lumbosacral spine, and specifically pelvic incidence (PI), has been implicated in the development of spine pathology, but generally ignored with regards to diseases of the hip. We aimed to determine if increased PI is correlated with higher rates of hip osteoarthritis (HOA). The effect of PI on the development of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) was used as a negative control. We studied 400 well-preserved cadaveric skeletons ranging from 50 to 79 years of age at death. Each specimen’s OA of the hip and knee were graded using a previously described method. PI was measured from standardised lateral photographs of reconstructed pelvises. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between age and PI with HOA and KOA.Objectives
Methods
The purpose of this study was to compare the thickness of the hip capsule in patients with surgical hip disease, either with cam-femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) or non-FAI hip pathology, with that of asymptomatic control hips. A total of 56 hips in 55 patients underwent a 3Tesla MRI of the hip. These included 40 patients with 41 hips with arthroscopically proven hip disease (16 with cam-FAI; nine men, seven women; mean age 39 years, 22 to 58) and 25 with non-FAI chondrolabral pathology (four men, 21 women; mean age 40 years, 18 to 63) as well as 15 asymptomatic volunteers, whose hips served as controls (ten men, five women; mean age 62 years, 33 to 77). The maximal capsule thickness was measured anteriorly and superiorly, and compared within and between the three groups with a gender subanalysis using student’s Objectives
Methods
In total hip arthroplasty (THA), the cementless, tapered-wedge stem design contributes to achieving initial stability and providing optimal load transfer in the proximal femur. However, loading conditions on the femur following THA are also influenced by femoral structure. Therefore, we determined the effects of tapered-wedge stems on the load distribution of the femur using subject-specific finite element models of femurs with various canal shapes. We studied 20 femurs, including seven champagne flute-type femurs, five stovepipe-type femurs, and eight intermediate-type femurs, in patients who had undergone cementless THA using the Accolade TMZF stem at our institution. Subject–specific finite element (FE) models of pre- and post-operative femurs with stems were constructed and used to perform FE analyses (FEAs) to simulate single-leg stance. FEA predictions were compared with changes in bone mineral density (BMD) measured for each patient during the first post-operative year.Objectives
Patients and Methods
T-cells are considered to play an important role in the inflammatory response causing arthroplasty failure. The study objectives were to investigate the composition and distribution of CD4+ T-cell phenotypes in the peripheral blood (PB) and synovial fluid (SF) of patients undergoing revision surgery for failed metal-on-metal (MoM) and metal-on-polyethylene (MoP) hip arthroplasties, and in patients awaiting total hip arthroplasty. In this prospective case-control study, PB and SF were obtained from 22 patients (23 hips) undergoing revision of MoM (n = 14) and MoP (n = 9) hip arthroplasties, with eight controls provided from primary hip osteoarthritis cases awaiting arthroplasty. Lymphocyte subtypes in samples were analysed using flow cytometry.Objectives
Methods
Total hip replacement causes a short-term increase
in the risk of mortality. It is important to quantify this and to identify
modifiable risk factors so that the risk of post-operative mortality
can be minimised. We performed a systematic review and critical
evaluation of the current literature on the topic. We identified
32 studies published over the last 10 years which provide either
30-day or 90-day mortality data. We estimate the pooled incidence
of mortality during the first 30 and 90 days following hip replacement
to be 0.30% (95% CI 0.22 to 0.38) and 0.65% (95% CI 0.50 to 0.81),
respectively. We found strong evidence of a temporal trend towards
reducing mortality rates despite increasingly co-morbid patients.
The risk factors for early mortality most commonly identified are
increasing age, male gender and co-morbid conditions, particularly
cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular complications appear to have
overtaken fatal pulmonary emboli as the leading cause of death after
hip replacement. Cite this article:
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the femoral
head–neck contour, characterised by the alpha angle, varies with
the stage of physeal maturation using MRI evaluation of an asymptomatic
paediatric population. Paediatric volunteers with asymptomatic hips were recruited to
undergo MRI of both hips. Femoral head physes were graded from 1
(completely open) to 6 (completely fused). The femoral head–neck
contour was evaluated using the alpha angle, measured at the 3:00
(anterior) and 1:30 (anterosuperior) positions and correlated with
physeal grade, with gender sub-analysis performed.Objectives
Methods
The number of surgical procedures performed each year to treat
femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) continues to rise. Although there
is evidence that surgery can improve symptoms in the short-term,
there is no evidence that it slows the development of osteoarthritis
(OA). We performed a feasibility study to determine whether patient
and surgeon opinion was permissive for a Randomised Controlled Trial
(RCT) comparing operative with non-operative treatment for FAI. Surgeon opinion was obtained using validated questionnaires at
a Specialist Hip Meeting (n = 61, 30 of whom stated that they routinely
performed FAI surgery) and patient opinion was obtained from clinical
patients with a new diagnosis of FAI (n = 31).Objectives
Methods
To quantify and compare peri-acetabular bone mineral density
(BMD) between a monoblock acetabular component using a metal-on-metal
(MoM) bearing and a modular titanium shell with a polyethylene (PE)
insert. The secondary outcome was to measure patient-reported clinical
function. A total of 50 patients (25 per group) were randomised to MoM
or metal-on-polyethlene (MoP). There were 27 women (11 MoM) and
23 men (14 MoM) with a mean age of 61.6 years (47.7 to 73.2). Measurements
of peri-prosthetic acetabular and contralateral hip (covariate)
BMD were performed at baseline and at one and two years’ follow-up.
The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index
(WOMAC), University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) activity score,
Harris hip score, and RAND-36 were also completed at these intervals.Objectives
Methods
The Oxford hip score (OHS) is a 12-item questionnaire designed
and developed to assess function and pain from the perspective of
patients who are undergoing total hip replacement (THR). The OHS
has been shown to be consistent, reliable, valid and sensitive to
clinical change following THR. It has been translated into different
languages, but no adequately translated, adapted and validated Danish
language version exists. The OHS was translated and cross-culturally adapted into Danish
from the original English version, using methods based on best-practice
guidelines. The translation was tested for psychometric quality
in patients drawn from a cohort from the Danish Hip Arthroplasty
Register (DHR).Objectives
Methods
We aimed to determine the effect of surgical approach on the
histology of the femoral head following resurfacing of the hip. We performed a histological assessment of the bone under the
femoral component taken from retrieval specimens of patients having
revision surgery following resurfacing of the hip. We compared the
number of empty lacunae in specimens from patients who had originally
had a posterior surgical approach with the number in patients having alternative
surgical approaches.Objectives
Methods
