We tested in compression specimens of human proximal tibial trabecular bone from 31 normal donors
Chondrocytes of the growth plate are generally assumed to undergo apoptosis, but the mechanisms which induce this cell death are not known. The Fas receptor is a mediator of the apoptotic signal in some systems. We studied its expression in situ in growth plates of rabbits
We analysed the effects of commonly used medications
on human osteoblastic cell activity in vitro, specifically proliferation
and tissue mineralisation. A list of medications was retrieved from
the records of patients
The medial periosteal hinge plays a key role in fractures of the head of the humerus, offering mechanical support during and after reduction and maintaining perfusion of the head by the vessels in the posteromedial periosteum. We have investigated the biomechanical properties of the medial periosteum in fractures of the proximal humerus using a standard model in 20 fresh-frozen cadaver specimens comparable in
The purposes of this study were to define the range of laxity of the interosseous ligaments in cadaveric wrists and to determine whether this correlated with
Sex hormones play important roles in the regulation of the proliferation, maturation and death of chondrocytes in the epiphyseal growth plate. We have investigated the effects of male castration on the cell kinetics of chondrocytes as defined by the numbers of proliferating and dying cells. The growth plates of normal rabbits and animals castrated at eight weeks of
We carried out a cross-sectional study with analysis of the demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with metal-on-metal hip resurfacing, ceramic-on-ceramic and metal-on-polyethylene hip replacements. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between metal-on-metal replacements, the levels of cobalt and chromium ions in whole blood and the absolute numbers of circulating lymphocytes. We recruited 164 patients (101 men and 63 women) with hip replacements, 106 with metal-on-metal hips and 58 with non-metal-on-metal hips,
We investigated several factors which affect the stability of cortical screws in osteoporotic bone using 18 femora from cadavers of women
Our aim was to determine the relationship between
The aim of this study was to establish a classification system for the acromioclavicular joint using cadaveric dissection and radiological analyses of both reformatted computed tomographic scans and conventional radiographs centred on the joint. This classification should be useful for planning arthroscopic procedures or introducing a needle and in prospective studies of biomechanical stresses across the joint which may be associated with the development of joint pathology. We have demonstrated three main three-dimensional morphological groups namely flat, oblique and curved, on both cadaveric examination and radiological assessment. These groups were recognised in both the coronal and axial planes and were independent of
We aimed to highlight the relationship between
Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) components for total joint replacement generate wear particles which cause adverse biological tissue reactions leading to osteolysis and loosening. Sterilisation of UHMWPE components by gamma irradiation in air causes chain scissions which initiate a long-term oxidative process that degrades the chemical and mechanical properties of the polyethylene. Using a tri-pin-on-disc tribometer we studied the effect of
We used a biodegradable mesh to convert an acetabular defect into a contained defect in six patients at total hip replacement. Their mean
We assessed the prevalence of abnormal ankle reflexes in 1074 adult patients attending orthopaedic clinics and related it to
We investigated the distribution of compressive ‘stress’ within cadaver intervertebral discs, using a pressure transducer mounted in a 1.3 mm diameter needle. The needle was pulled along the midsagittal diameter of a lumbar disc with the face of the transducer either vertical or horizontal while the disc was subjected to a constant compressive force. The resulting ‘stress profiles’ were analysed in order to characterise the distribution of vertical and horizontal compressive stress within each disc. A total of 87 discs from subjects
We evaluated the histological changes before and after fixation in ten knees of ten patients with osteochondritis dissecans who had undergone fixation of the unstable lesions. There were seven males and three females with a mean
An injectable material consisting of calcium sulphate mixed with hydroxyapatite was investigated as a possible alternative to autograft in the restoration of bone defects. The material was studied both in vitro in simulated body fluid (SBF) and in vivo when implanted in rat muscles and into the proximal tibiae of rabbits. Variation in the strength and weight of the material during
Medial open-wedge high tibial osteotomy has been gaining popularity in recent years, but adequate supporting material is required in the osteotomy gap for early weight-bearing and rapid union. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the implantation of a polycaprolactone-tricalcium phosphate composite scaffold wedge would enhance healing of the osteotomy in a micro pig model. We carried out open-wedge high tibial osteotomies in 12 micro pigs
The operative treatment of fractures of the proximal humerus can be complicated by poor bone quality. Our aim was to evaluate a new method which allows prediction of the bone quality of the proximal humerus from radiographs. Anteroposterior radiographs were taken of 19 human cadaver humeri. The cortical thickness was measured at two levels of the proximal humeral diaphysis. The bone mineral density (BMD) was determined for the humeral head (HH), the surgical neck (SN), the greater tuberosity (GT) and lesser tuberosity (LT) using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. The mean cortical thickness was 4.4 ± 1.0 mm. Specimens
Previous studies have shown that low-density, rod-like trabecular structures develop in regions of low stress, whereas high-density, plate-like trabecular structures are found in regions of high stress. This phenomenon suggests that there may be a close relationship between the type of trabecular structure and mechanical properties. In this study, 160 cancellous bone specimens were produced from 40 normal human tibiae