The range of allograft products for spinal fusion has been extended with the development of cellular bone matrices (CBMs). Most of these combine demineralized bone with viable cancellous bone prepared in a manner that retains cells with differentiation potential. The purpose of this study was to compare commercially-available human CBMs in the athymic rat model of posterolateral spinal fusion. The products compared were Trinity ELITE® (TEL, OrthoFix), ViviGen (VIV, DePuy Synthes), Cellentra (CEL, Zimmer Biomet), Osteocel® Pro (OCP, NuVasive), Bio4 (BIO, Stryker) and map3 (MAP, RTI Surgical). Bone from the ilia of syngeneic rats was used as a control to approximate the human gold standard.

All implants were stored, thawed, and prepared per manufacturer's instructions and all implantations occurred within the manufacturer's time allowance for use after preparation. In total, fifteen 9–10 week old male rats were implanted per implant type, with three different lots of each implant used per five rats to account for lot-to-lot variability. Under anesthesia, a posterior midline longitudinal skin and subcutaneous incision was made, followed by bilateral longitudinal paraspinal myofascial incisions to expose the transverse processes at the L4–5 level. Implants (0.3 cc of allograft or freshly harvested syngeneic iliac bone graft) were placed bilaterally. Surgeons were blinded as to CBM implant type. Incisions were closed with sutures and in vivo microCT scans performed within 48 hours of surgery. A second microCT scan was taken at euthanasia, six weeks after surgery, and the lumbar spines harvested. Fusion was evaluated by manual palpation by three independent, blinded reviewers. MicroCT analysis was performed by an independent CRO (ImageIQ, Cleveland OH). Anonymity of implant type was rigorously kept to avoid bias.

By manual palpation, 5/15 (33%) spines of the syngeneic bone group were fused at 6 weeks. The TEL (8/15, 53%) and CEL (11/15, 73%) groups were not significantly different from each other but were from all other CBM groups. Only 2/15 (13%) of VIV-implanted spines fused and none (0/15, 0%) of the OCP, BIO and MAP CBMs produced stable fusion. The mineralized cancellous bone component of the allografts confounded radiographic analysis but microCT analysis indicated bone volume increased over six weeks for all groups except the syngeneic bone (−4.3%). TEL (+65%) and CEL (+73%) were not different from each other but were significantly increased over all other groups (VIV 29%, OCP 37%, BIO 19%, and MAP 45%, respectively).

CBMs have distinct formulations and are likely processed differently. The claimed live cell and stem cell contents differ between products. Additionally, map3 has cells added at the time of surgery, whereas the other CBMs are processed to retain matrix-adherent cells. Given the wide range of formulations, differences in performance were not surprising, and Trinity ELITE and Cellentra did significantly better than other implants at both forming new bone and achieving fusion. The other CBMs did not have greater bone formation than the control and were very poor at forming a solid fusion. These findings suggest more careful consideration of these allograft products is needed at the clinical level.

Introduction

Little guidance exists regarding the minimum screw length and number necessary to achieve fixation with reverse shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA). The goal of this study is to quantify the pre- and post-cyclic baseplate displacements associated with two baseplate designs of different sizes using multiple screw lengths and numbers in a low density polyurethane bone substitute model.

Introduction

In recent years, there has been an increase in hip joint replacement surgery using short bone-preserving femoral stem. However, there are very limited data on postoperative periprosthetic fractures after cementless fixation of these stem although the periprosthetic fracture is becoming a major concern following hip replacement surgery. The purpose of this study is to determine incidence of postoperative periprosthetic femoral fractures following hip arthroplasty using bone preserving short stem in a large multi-center series.

Isolated liner and head exchange procedure has been an established treatment method for polyethylene wear and osteolysis when the acetabular component remains well-fixed. In this study, its mid-term results were evaluated retrospectively in 34 hips.

Among the consecutive patients operated upon from September 1995, 2 patients (3 hips) were excluded because of inadequate follow-up and the results of remaining 34 hips of 34 patients were evaluated. They were 20 men and 14 women with a mean age of 49 years at the time of index surgery. Conventional polyethylene liner was used in 26 cases and highly cross-linked polyethylene liner was used in 8 cases. In 3 cases, liner was cemented in the metal shell because compatible liner could not be used. After a minimum follow-up of 5 years (range, 5∼20.2), re-revision surgery was necessary in 10 cases (29.4%); 8 for wear and osteolysis, 2 for acetabular loosening. In all re-revision cases, conventional polyethylene was used. There was no failure in the cases in which highly cross-linked polyethylene was used. There was no case complicated with dislocation.

The results of this study suggest more promising results with the use of highly cross-linked polyethylene in isolated liner exchange.

Injection before total knee arthroplasty(TKA) is the one of the postoprative risk factors after TKA and Infection after TKA can result in disastrous consequences. When the duration between injection and TKA is longer than 6 months, the risk is no longer elevated. Evaluation of synovial WBC number in frozen section slide is needed to check the presence of infection in revision total knee arthroplasty. Currently many patients have a history of multiple intraarticular injection before the primary TKA. Purpose of this study is to evaluate the synovial WBC findings in primary TKA and compare between injection group and no injection group. Materials and Methods. The synovial specimen(suprapatella pouch and posterior capsule) of 68 primary total knee arthroplasty were evaluated by the pathologist and reported the number of the WBC in frozen section /5 separate high power fields(HPF) (500x).. Injection group were 37 cases and non -injection group were 31 cases. Preoperative CRP and ESR were recorded and followe-up duration was more than 2 years. Joint fluid was sent to be cultured and analysed. Results. WBC count in frozen section shoed was average 4 WBCs/HPF (range < 0∼ 25) in both specimen and the suprapatella specimen was 3 WBCs/HPW (range 0∼25) and posterior capsule specimen was 1 WBCs/HPF(range 0∼14). The WBC count of injection group was 8 (range, 0∼25) and that of no injection group was 1.2 cells (range 0∼12) (p<0.05). The WBC counts in joint fluid was average 240 cells/ml (range. 1∼300) in non injection group and 643 cells/ml(range, 50∼1000) (p<0.05). The duration from the intraarticular injection to index surgery was 9 months(range, 6 weeks∼ 7 momths). The number of injection and duration bwtween injection and operationto has no significant correlation with the WBC counts. Eight percentage of specimen showed more than 10 WBCs in injection group and these patients have been not infected after more than 24 moths after TKA. Conclusion. The WBC count of the synovium in priamry TKA with injection history for degenerative osteoarthritis is variable and we could not recommend the routine frozen section analysis in primary TKA who have a history of intraarticualr injection..

Clinical and radiological results of total hip arthroplasty (THA) using proximally coated single wedge (PSW) cementless stems are generally excellent. The geometry of cementless stems and the morphology of proximal femurs (Dorr types) provide optimal fit for primary stability and secondary biologic fixation. Because the geometry of PSW shape is designed to be engaged at the metaphysis, cementless PSW stem is not traditionally recommended to Dorr type C femurs with concerns of inadequate implant-host bone contact and the risk of femoral fracture. Nevertheless, previous studies on PSW cementless stems have not examined long-term survivorship according to Dorr types of femur. Paucity of a long-term comparative study makes it difficult to know whether the PSW stem plays a role in Dorr type C femurs or not. We postulated that the PSW stem could achieve stable fixation without increased risk of femoral fracture even in Dorr type C femurs, and demonstrate acceptable long-term results. The aim of this study was to investigate differences of clinical and radiological outcomes of THA using PSW stem according to proximal femoral geometry (Dorr types) in more than a 10-year follow-up.

Three hundred and seven primary THA in 247 patients, which was performed with use of a single-designed PSW stem from 1997 to 2003 and was followed up for over 10 years, were included in this retrospective study. According to Dorr's criteria, 89 femora were classified as Type A, 156 as Type B, and 62 as Type C. The patients' mean age at operation was 43.2 years (range, 18.4 – 69.6 years). They were followed-up for an average of 13.2 years (the range, 10.0 – 17.3 years). All of the hips were evaluated clinically and radiologically with special attention to the occurrence of implant loosening and periprosthetic femoral fracture.

The mean preoperative Harris hip score (50.4±20.6 points) improved significantly to 95.6±9.0 points at the final follow-ups. The improvements were observed regardless of Dorr types (p<0.001 in all 3 groups). The incidence of thigh pain (p=0.704) was not significantly different among groups. Implant survivorship was 100% in all 3 groups. None of the stems were loosened or revised. No significant differences were observed in osteolysis (p=0.492), pedestal formation (p=0.323), or cortical hypertrophy (p=0.169) among the groups [Fig. 1]. Radiolucent lines less than 2mm in thickness in Gruen zone 4 were observed more in Dorr type C femora than in Dorr type A or B (p=0.003) [Fig. 2]. Spot weld (p<0.001) and stress shielding (p=0.010) of proximal femur were more pronounced in Dorr C type femora than in type A or B [Fig. 3]. The prevalence of intraoperative (p=0.550) or postoperative (p=0.600) femoral fractures were not significantly different among the groups.

From over a 10-year follow-up, the PSW stem provided excellent stem survivorship regardless of Dorr type with satisfactory outcomes. The remodeling process around the stem was more pronounced in Dorr type C femur. The present study shows that the PSW stem is a recommendable option for Dorr type C femur.

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Alternative bearing surfaces has been introduced to reduce wear debris-induced osteolysis after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and offered favorable results. Large population-based data for total joint surgery permit timely recognition of adverse results and prediction of events in the future. The purpose of this study was to present the epidemiology and national trends of bearing surface usage in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) in Korea using nationwide database.

A total of 30,881 THAs were analyzed using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database for 2007 through 2011. Bearing surfaces were sub-grouped according to device code for national health insurance claims and consisted of ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC), metal-on-polyethylene (MoP), ceramic-on-polyethylene (CoP), and metal-on-metal (MoM). The prevalence of each type of bearing surface was calculated and stratified by age, gender, hospital type, primary payer, and procedure volume of each hospital.

The number of primary THAs increased by 25.2% from 5,484 in 2007 to 6,866 in 2011. The average age of the entire study population was 58.1 years, and 53.5% were male [Table 1]. CoC was the most commonly used bearing surface (76.7%), followed by MoP (11.9%), CoP (7.3%), and MoM (4.1%). The distribution of bearing surfaces was identical to that in the general population regardless of age, gender, hospital type, and primary payer [Table 2]. The mean age of patients that received hard-on-hard bearing surfaces (CoC and MoM) was significantly younger than that of patients receiving hard-on-soft bearing surfaces (CoP and MoP) (56.9 years vs. 62.6 years). During the study period, 55.1% of THAs that used a hard-on-hard bearing surface were performed in males, while 53.0% of THAs that used a hard-on-soft bearing surface were performed in females. The order of prevalence of bearing surfaces was identical in low- and medium-volume hospitals (CoC was first, MoP was second, CoP was third, and MoM was fourth). The mean hospital charges did not differ according to the bearing surface used, with the exception of CoP, which was associated with a lower mean hospital charge. There were no changes in the distribution of bearing surfaces in each year between 2007 and 2011. Overall, the percentage of THAs that used CoC bearing surfaces increased substantially from 71.6% in 2007 to 81.4% in 2011, while the percentage that used CoP, MoP, and MoM decreased significantly [Fig. 1].

One of the reasons for the dominant usage of hard-on-hard bearing surfaces may be that the principal diagnosis of primary THAs and the patient age group distribution in Korea differ from those in other countries. The most common indication for primary THA is osteonecrosis of the femoral head in Korea. In contrast, the majority of primary THAs are performed for osteoarthritis in Western countries. The choice of bearing surface may be affected by many factors, including the nation's medical delivery system, payment type, disease pattern, and age distribution of patients that undergo THA. In future, the results of a large-scale nationwide study on primary THAs using CoC bearing surfaces in Korea will be reported.

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Background

A cell-based tissue-engineered construct can be employed for treating meniscal lesions occurring in the non-vascularized inner two-thirds. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that both pre-differentiation of human bone marrow derived stromal cells (hBMSCs) into chondrogenic lineage before cell seeding and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) pretreatment on a PLGA mesh scaffold enhances the healing capacity of the meniscus with hBMSCs-seeded scaffolds in vivo.

Few epidemiological studies from Asian countries have addressed this issue and reported that FAI is less prevalent in Asian population. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of radiographic hip abnormalities associated with FAI in asymptomatic Korean volunteers. The authors hypothesized that the prevalence of FAI in Korean population would not be less than that in western population.

Two hundred asymptomatic volunteers with no prior hip surgery or childhood hip problems underwent three-view plain radiography (pelvis anteroposterior (AP) view, Sugioka view, and 45° Dunn view) of both hips. Cam lesions were defined as the presence of the following signs on each views: pistol-grip deformity, osseous bump at the femoral head-neck junction, flattening of the femoral head-neck offset, or alpha angle >50°. Pincer lesions were determined by radiographic signs, including crossover sign, posterior wall deficient sign, or lateral center-edge (CE) angle >40°. Only positive cases agreed by both observers were defined as true FAI-related deformities.

There were 146 male and 254 female hips, with a mean age of 34.7 years. On pelvis AP view, the prevalence of pistol grip deformity, bump, flattening, and alpha angle >50° was 1.3% (male 3.4%, female 0%), 0.8% (male 2.1%, female 0%), 0.8% (male 2.1%, female 0%), and 1.0% (male 2.7%, female 0%), respectively. On Sugioka view, the prevalence of bump, flattening, and alpha angle >50° was 9.8% (male 14.4%, female 7.1%), 13.5% (male 20.5%, female 9.4%), and 14.0% (male 26.7%, female 6.7%), respectively. On 45° Dunn view, the prevalence of bump, flattening, and alpha angle >50° was 8.0% (male 14.4%, female 4.3%), 17.5% (male 27.4%, female 11.8%), and 27.5% (male 44.5%, female 17.7%), respectively. The prevalence of cam lesion which was identified on at least one radiograph was 42.5% (male 62.3%, female 31.1%). The prevalence of cam lesion which was identified on ≥2 radiographs was 19.3% (male 30.8%, female 12.6%). The prevalence of cam type FAI (at least one cam lesion) was 2.0% (male 5.5%, female 0%) on pelvis AP view, 25.8% (male 37.0%, female 19.3%) on Sugioka view, and 35.8% (male 55.5%, female 24.4%) on 45° Dunn view. On pelvis AP view, the prevalence of crossover sign, posterior wall sign, and CE angle >40° was 20.0% (male 23.3%, female 18.1%), 20.8% (male 22.6%, female 19.7%), and 2.0% (male 2.7%, female 1.6%), respectively. The prevalence of pincer type of FAI (at least one pincer lesion) was 23.0% (male 27.4%, female 20.5%).

In asymptomatic Korean volunteers, the prevalence of cam type FAI was low on AP pelvis radiographs, whereas the prevalence of cam type FAI on Sugioka and 45° Dunn view was found to be comparable to that previously reported in Western populations. The prevalence of pincer type FAI in asymptomatic Korean volunteers was also comparable that in Western populations and was similar in both gender. Considering the high prevalence of FAI morphologic features on plain radiographs in asymptomatic Korean populations, it is also important to determine whether FAI is a cause of hip pain when considering surgery in Asian patients.

Introduction

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD), a juvenile osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), can remain sequelae around hip joint, and results in osteoarthritis necessitating total hip arthroplasty (THA) in middle-age. THA for sequelae of LCPD needs specific concerns for anatomical deformity, leg length discrepancy (LLD), and relatively young patient's age. To date, few studies are available for the results of THA for LCPD sequelae. Moreover, there was no study for the result of Alumina-Alumina THA (Al-Al THA) in patient with LCPD sequelae, even excellent long term outcome of Al-Al THA has been documented in relatively young patients. The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcome of Al-Al THA for LCPD sequelae, especially in terms of the restoration of LLD and the occurrence of complication. In addition, we compared the results of THA for LCPD sequelae with those for adult onset ONFH, in which THA is necessitated in relatively young age and excellent long term outcome has been proven after Al-Al THA.