To describe the longitudinal trends in patients with obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) undergoing TKA and the associated impact on complications and lengths of hospital stay.

We identified patients who underwent primary TKA between 2006 – 2017 within the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database. We recorded patient demographics, length of stay (LOS), and 30-day major and minor complications. We labelled those with an obese Body Mass Index (BMI ≥ 30), hypertension, and diabetes as having MetS. We evaluated mean BMI, LOS, and 30-day complication rates in all patients, obese patients, and those with MetS from 2006-2017. We used multivariable regression to evaluate the trends in BMI, complications, and LOS over time in all patients and those with MetS, and the effect of BMI and MetS on complication rates and LOS, stratified by year.

270,846 patients underwent primary TKA at hospitals participating in the NSQIP database. 63.71% of patients were obese (n = 172,333), 15.21% were morbidly obese (n = 41,130), and 12.37% met criteria for MetS (n = 33,470). Mean BMI in TKA patients increased at a rate of 0.03 per year (0.02-0.05; p < 0 .0001). Despite this, the rate of adverse events in obese patients decreased: major complications by an odds ratio (OR) of 0.94 (0.93-0.96; p < 0 .0001) and minor complications by 0.94 (0.93-0.95; p < 0 .001). LOS also decreased over time at an average rate of −0.058 days per year (-0.059 to −0.057; p < 0 .0001). The proportion of patients with MetS did not increase, however similar improvements in major complications (OR 0.94 [0.91-0.97] p < 0 .0001), minor complications (OR 0.97 [0.94-1.00]; p < 0 .0330), and LOS (mean −0.055 [-0.056 to −0.054] p < 0 .0001) were found. In morbidly obese patients (BMI ≥ 40), there was a decreased proportion per year (OR 0.989 [0.98-0.994] p < 0 .0001). Factors specifically associated with major complications in obese patients included COPD (OR 1.75 [1.55-2.00] p < 0.0001) and diabetes (OR 1.10 [1.02-1.1] p = 0.017). Hypertension (OR 1.12 [1.03-1.21] p = 0.0079) was associated with minor complications. Similarly, in patients with MetS, major complications were associated with COPD (OR 1.72 [1.35-2.18] p < 0.0001). Neuraxial anesthesia was associated with a lower risk for major complications in the obese cohort (OR 0.87 [0.81-0.92] p < 0.0001). BMI ≥ 40 was associated with a greater risk for minor complications (OR 1.37 [1.26-1.50] p < 0.0001), major complications (1.11 [1.02-1.21] p = 0.015), and increased LOS (+0.08 days [0.07-0.09] p < 0.0001).

Mean BMI in patients undergoing primary TKA increased from 2006 - 2017. MetS comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertension elevated the risk for complications in obese patients. COPD contributed to higher rates of major complications. The obesity-specific risk reduction with spinal anesthesia suggests an improved post-anesthetic clinical course in obese patients with pre-existing pulmonary pathology. Encouragingly, the overall rates of complications and LOS in patients with obesity and MetS exhibited a longitudinal decline. This finding may be related to the decreased proportion of patients with BMI ≥ 40 treated over the same period, possibly the result of quality improvement initiatives aimed at delaying high-risk surgery in morbidly obese patients until healthy weight loss is achieved. These findings may also reflect increased awareness and improved management of these patients and their elevated risk profiles.

There has been a substantial increase in the surgical treatment of unstable chest wall injuries recently. While a variety of fixation methods exist, most surgeons have used plate and screw fixation. Rib-specific locking plate systems are available, however evidence supporting their use over less-expensive, conventional plate systems (such as pelvic reconstruction plates) is lacking. We sought to address this by comparing outcomes between locking plates and non-locking plates in a cohort of patients from a prior randomized trial who received surgical stabilization of their unstable chest wall injury.

We used data from the surgical group of a previous multi-centred, prospective, randomized controlled trial comparing surgical fixation of acute, unstable chest wall injuries to non-operative management. In this substudy, our primary outcome was hardware-related complications and re-operation. Secondary outcomes included ventilator free days (VFDs) in the first 28 days following injury, length of ICU and hospital stay, and general health outcomes (SF-36 Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) scores). Categorical variables are reported as frequency counts and percentages and the two groups were compared using Fisher's Exact test. Continuous data are reported as median and interquartile range and the two groups were compared using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.

From the original cohort of 207 patients, 108 had been treated surgically and had data available on the type of plate construct used. Fifty-nine patients (55%) had received fixation with non-locking plates (primarily 3.5 or 2.7 mm pelvic reconstruction plates) and 49 (45%) had received fixation with locking plates (primarily rib-specific locking plates). The two groups were similar in regard to baseline and injury characteristics. In the non-locking group, 15% of patients (9/59) had evidence of hardware loosening versus 4% (2/49 patients) in the locking group (p = 0.1). The rate of re-operation for hardware complications was 3% in the non-locking group versus 0% in the locking group (p = 0.5). No patients in either group required revision fixation for loss of reduction or nonunion. There were no differences between the groups with regard to VFDs (26.3 [19.6 – 28] vs. 27.3 [18.3 – 28], p = 0.83), length of ICU stay (6.5 [2.0 – 13.1] vs 4.1 [0 – 11], p = 0.12), length of hospital stay (17 [10 – 32] vs. 17 [10 – 24], p = 0.94) or SF-36 PCS (40.9 [33.6 – 51.0] vs 43.4 [34.1 – 49.6], p = 0.93) or MCS scores (47.8 [36.9 – 57.9] vs 46.9 [40.5 – 57.4], p = 0.95).

We found no statistically significant differences in outcomes between patients who received surgical stabilization of their unstable chest wall injury when comparing non-locking plates versus locking plates. However, the rate of hardware loosening was nearly 4 times higher in the non-locking plate group and trended towards statistical significance, although re-operation related to this was less frequent. This finding is not surprising, given the inherent challenges of rib fixation including thin bones, comminution, potential osteopenia and a post-operative environment of constant motion. We believe that the increased cost of locking plate fixation in this setting is likely justifiable given these findings.

This study aimed to determine if multiple failed closed reductions (CRs) prior to fixation of distal radius fracture is associated with the odds of complication-related reoperation up to two years post fracture.

We identified all distal radius fracture patients aged 18 or older between the years of 2003-2016 in Ontario, Canada from linked administrative databases. We used procedural and fee codes to identify patients who underwent primary outpatient surgical fixation between 8 and 14 days post fracture, and grouped patients by the number of CRs they underwent prior to definitive fixation. We excluded patients who underwent fixation within 7 days of their fracture to exclude more complex fracture types and/or patients who required more immediate surgery. We grouped patients according to the number of CRs they underwent prior to definitive fixation. We used intervention and diagnostic codes to identify reoperations within two years of fixation. We used multi-level multivariable logistic regression to compare the association between the number of CRs and reoperation while accounting for clustering at the surgeon level and adjusting for other relevant covariables. We performed an age-stratified analysis to determine if the association between the number of CRs and reoperation differed by patient age.

We identified 5,464 patients with distal radius fractures managed with outpatient fixation between 8 and 14 days of their fracture. A total of 1,422 patients (26.0%) underwent primary surgical fixation (mean time to fixation 10.6±2.0 days), while 3,573 (65.4%) underwent secondary fixation following one failed CR (mean time to fixation 10.1±2.2 days, time to CR 0.3±1.2 days), and 469 (8.6%) underwent fixation following two failed CRs (mean time to fixation 10.8±2.2 days, time to first CR 0.0±0.1 days, time to second CR 4.7±3.0 days). The CR groups had higher proportions of female patients compared to the primary group, and patients who underwent two failed CRs were more likely to be fixed with a plate (vs. wires or pins). The unadjusted proportion of reoperations was significantly higher in the group who underwent two failed CRs (7.5%) compared to those who underwent primary fixation (4.4%), and fixation following one failed CR (4.9%). Following covariable adjustment, patients who underwent two failed CRs had a significantly higher odds of reoperation (odds ratio [OR] 1.72 [1.12-2.65]) compared to those who underwent primary fixation. This association appeared to worsen for patients over the age of 60 (OR 3.93 [1.76-8.77]). We found no significant difference between the odds of reoperation between patients who underwent primary fixation vs. secondary fixation following one failed CR.

We found that patients with distal radius fractures who undergo multiple CRs prior to definitive fixation have a significantly higher odds of reoperation compared to those who undergo primary fixation, or fixation following a single CR. This suggests that surgeons should offer fixation if indicated following a single failed CR rather than attempt multiple closed reductions. Prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.

Delayed management of high energy femoral shaft fractures is associated with increased complication rates. It has been suggested that there is less urgency to stabilize lower energy femoral shaft fractures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of surgical delay on 30-day complications following fixation of lower energy femoral shaft fractures.

Patients ≥ 18 years who underwent either plate or nail fixation of low energy (falls from standing or up to three steps' height) femoral shaft fractures from 2005 – 2016 were identified from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) via procedural codes. Patients with pathologic fractures, fractures of the distal femur or femoral neck were excluded. Patients were categorized into early (< 2 4 hours) or delayed surgery (2–30 days) groups. Bivariate analyses were used to compare demographics and unadjusted rates of complications between groups. A multivariable logistic regression was used to compare the rate of major and minor complications between groups, while adjusting for relevant covariables. Head injury patients and polytrauma patients are not included in the NSQIP database.

Of 2,716 lower energy femoral shaft fracture patients identified, 2,412 (89%) were treated within 1 day of hospital admission, while 304 (11.2%) were treated between 2 and 30 days post hospital admission. Patient age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification score, presence of diabetes, functional status, smoking status, and surgery type (nail vs. plate) were significantly different between groups (p After adjusting for all relevant covariables, delayed surgery significantly increased the odds of 30-day minor complications (p=0.02, OR = 1.48 95%CI 1.01–2.16), and 30-day mortality (p < 0 .001), OR = 1.31 (95%CI 1.03–2.14).

The delay of surgical fixation of femoral shaft fractures appears to significantly increase patients' risk of minor adverse events as well as increase mortality. With only 89% of patients being treated in the 24 hour timeframe that constitutes best practice for treatment of femoral shaft fractures, there remains room for improvement. These results suggest that early treatment of all femoral shaft fractures, even those with a lower energy mechanism of injury, leads to improved outcomes.

Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is commonly used to manage severe open fracture wounds. The recently completed X randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluated the effect of NPWT versus standard wound management on 12-month disability and rate of deep infection among patients with severe open fractures of the lower limb and reported no differences. Using data from the Y trial of open fracture patients, we aimed to evaluate the impact of NPWT on the odds of having deep infections and health-related quality of life (HRQL).

Our analyses included participants from the Y trial who had Gustilo II and III lower extremity fractures. To adjust for the influence of injury characteristics on type of dressing received, a propensity score was developed from the dataset. A one-to-one matching algorithm was then used to pair patients with a similar propensity for NPWT.

Mixed effects logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between type of wound dressing and development of a deep infection requiring operative management (dependent variable) in the matched cohort. Gustilo type, irrigation solution, fracture location, mechanism of injury, and degree of contamination were included as adjustment variables. To determine any differences in HRQL between the NPWT and standard wound dressing groups, we conducted two multi-level models with three levels (centre, patient, and time) and included Short Form-12 (SF-12) Physical Health Component (PCS) and SF-12 Mental Health Component (MCS) as dependent variables. Gustilo type, irrigation solution, fracture location, mechanism of injury, degree of contamination, and pre-injury SF-12 scores were included as adjustment variables. All tests were 2-tailed with alpha=0.05.

After applying propensity score-matching to adjust for the influence of injury characteristics on type of dressing used, there were 270 matched pairs of patients available for comparison. The odds of developing a deep infection requiring operative management within 12 months of initial surgery was 4.22 times higher in patients who received NPWT compared to those who did not receive NPWT (Odds Ratio (OR) 4.22, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 2.26–7.87.

1,329 participants were included in our HRQL analysis and those treated with NPWT had significantly lower SF-12 PCS at all follow-up visits (6w, 3m, 6m, 12m) post fracture (p=0.01). Participants treated with NPWT had significantly lower SF-12 MCS at 6-weeks post-fracture (p=0.03).

Unlike the X trial, our analysis found that patients treated with NPWT had higher odds of developing a deep infection requiring operative management and that being treated with NPWT was associated with lower physical quality of life in the 12 months post-fracture. While there may have been other potential adjustment variables not controlled for in this analysis, our results suggest that the use of this treatment should be re-evaluated.

Increased operative time has been previously identified as a risk factor for complications following total joint arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of surgical time on 30-day complications following Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) and to determine if there were specific time intervals associated with worse outcomes.

The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database was utilized to identify patients ≥18 years who underwent TKA between 2005 and 2016 using procedural codes. Patients with surgical durations >240 minutes were excluded. Patient demographics, operation length, and 30-day major and minor complication rates were captured. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine if the rate of complications differed depending on length of operation, while adjusting for age, sex, American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) class, functional status, smoking status, comorbidities, anesthesia type, and Body Mass Index (BMI). Multivariable linear regression was used to identify independent predictors of duration of surgery.

A total of 213,921 TKA patients (average age 67 ± 10 years) were identified from the database. Within 30-days of the index procedure, 3,321 (1.55%) experienced a major complication, and 6,144 (2.86%) experienced a minor complication. Mean surgical duration was 92 minutes (range 20 – 240). Underweight, or overweight/obese BMI, male sex, hypertension, cancer, dependent functional status, epidural anaesthesia, and ASA class III and IV were determined to be independent predictors of prolonged operation length, while COPD, current smoking, spinal anesthesia, and older age predicted lower operation times.

Operation lengths ≥ 90 minutes significantly increased the risk of both major and minor complications (P>0.01). Specifically, the rates of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), unplanned reintubation, surgical site infection (SSI), sepsis, and wound disruption were higher for patients whose operations lasted ≥ 90 minutes (p 0.05). With respect to specific complications, following covariate adjustment, operation lengths ≥ 90 minutes increased the risk of DVT, deep and superficial incisional SSI, and wound disruption, while operation lengths ≥ 120 minutes increased the risk of deep, non-incisional SSI, and sepsis (P < 0 .01).

Surgical times of ≥90 minutes independently increase the 30-day risk of DVT, infection, and wound disruption following TKA after controlling for other variables that influence operation length. This study confirms the importance of surgical duration on early outcomes following TKA.

The purpose of this investigation is to assess the rate of wear the effect once the “bedding in period”/ poly creep had been eliminated. Creep is the visco-elastic deformation that polyethylene exhibits in the first 6–12 weeks. We also assessed the wear pattern of four different bearing couples in total hip arthroplasty (THA): cobalt-chrome (CoCr) versus oxidized zirconium (OxZir) femoral heads with ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) versus highly-crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) acetabular liners.

This was a randomized control study involving 92 patients undergoing THA. They were randomized to one of four bearing couples: (1) CoCr/UHMWPE (n= 23), (2) OxZir/UHMWPE (n=21), (3) CoCr/XLPE (n=24), (4) OxZir/XLPE (n=24). Patients underwent a posterior approach from one of three surgeons involved in the study. All patients received a porous-coated cementless acetabular shell and a cylindrical proximally coated stem with 28 mm femoral heads. Each patient was reviewed clinically and radiographically at six weeks, three and 12 months, two, five and 10 years after surgery. Standardized anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were taken. All polyethylene wear was measured by an independent blinded reviewer. Linear and volumetric wear rates were measured on radiographs using a validated computer software (Polyware Rev. 5). Creep was defined as the wear at 6 or 12 weeks, depending on if there was a more than 10% difference between both measurements. If a greater than 10% difference occurred than the later period's wear would be defined as creep.

72 hips were included in analysis after exclusion of seven revisions, three deaths and 10 losses to follow-up. The annual linear wear rates (in mm/y) at 10 years were (1) 0.249, (2) 0.250, (3) 0.074 and (4) 0.050. After adjusting for creep these rates become were (1) 0.181, (2) 0.142, (3) 0.040 and (4) 0.023. There is statistical differences between raw and adjusted linear wear rates for all bearing couples. The percentage of the radiographically measured wear at 10 years due to creep is (1) 30% (2) 44%, (3) 58.5% and (4) 51.5% with significant differences in couples with XLPE versus those with UHMWPE. There was no significant correlation between age, gender, cup size, tilt, planar anteversion and the linear or volumetric wear rates.

The linear wear rate of both UHMWPE and XLPE are even lower thxdsxzan previously described when creep is factored out. XLPE has again demonstrated far superior linear wear rates at 10 years than UHMWPE. There were no significant differences in wear rate at 10 years between CoCr and OxZir, this may be due to an underpowered study. XLPE exhibits proportionally more creep than UHMWPE within the first 6–12 weeks and accounts for more of the total wear at 10 years as measured radiographically at the end period.

Distal radius fractures are the most common adult fractures, yet there remains some uncertainty surrounding optimal treatment modalities. Recently, the rate of operative treatment of these injuries has been increasing, however, predictors of outcomes in patients treated surgically remain poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate independent predictors of 30-day readmission and complications following internal fixation of distal radius fractures.

Patients ≥18 years who underwent surgical intervention for distal radius fractures between 2005 and 2016 were identified from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) using procedural codes. Patient demographics, as well as 30-day readmission, complication, and mortality rates were ascertained. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine independent predictors of 30-day outcomes while adjusting for patient age, sex, American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) class, functional status, smoking status, comorbidities, and Body Mass Index (BMI).

A total of 10,051 patients were identified (average age 58 ±16). All patients received open reduction and internal fixation with no cases of external fixation identified in the data set. Included fractures were 37% extraarticular and 63% intraarticular. Within 30-days of initial fixation 143 (1.42%) patients were readmitted to the hospital, 71 patients experienced a complication, and 18 (0.18%) patients died. After adjusting for relevant covariables, current smoking increased the odds of readmission by 1.73 (95%Confidence interval [95%CI] 1.15 – 2.50), ASA class III/IV vs. I/II increased the odds of readmission by 2.74 (95%CI 1.85 – 4.06), and inpatient surgery vs. outpatient surgery increased the odds of readmission by 2.10 (95%CI 1.46 – 3.03). Current smoking also increased the odds of complications by 2.26 (95%CI 1.32 – 3.87), while ASA class III/IV increased it by 2.78 (95%CI 1.60 – 4.85), inpatient surgery increased it by 2.26 (95%CI 1.37 – 3.74), and dependent functional status increased it by 2.55 (1.16 – 5.64).

In conclusion, patients with severe systemic disease, current smokers and patients undergoing inpatient surgery are at risk for 30-day readmissions and complications following operative treatment of distal radius fractures. In addition, patients with dependent functional statuses are more likely to experience a complication within 30-days.

Fragility fractures associated with osteoporosis (OP) reduce quality of life, increase risk for subsequent fractures, and are a major economic burden. In 2010, Osteoporosis Canada produced clinical practice guidelines on the management of OP patients at risk for fractures (Papaioannou et al. CMAJ 2010). We describe the real-world incidence of primary and subsequent fragility fractures in elderly Canadians in Ontario, Canada in a timespan (2011–2017) following guideline introduction.

This retrospective observational study used de-identified health services administrative data generated from the publicly funded healthcare system in Ontario, Canada from the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences. The study population included individuals ≥66 years of age who were hospitalized with a primary (i.e. index) fragility fracture (identified using ICD-10 codes from hospital admissions, emergency and ambulatory care) occurring between January 1, 2011 and March 31, 2015. All relevant anatomical sites for fragility fractures were examined, including (but not limited to): hip, vertebral, humerus, wrist, radius and ulna, pelvis, and femur. OP treatment in the year prior to fracture and subsequent fracture information were collected until March 31, 2017. Patients with previous fragility fractures over five years prior to the index fracture, and those fractures associated with trauma codes, were excluded.

115,776 patients with an index fracture were included in the analysis. Mean (standard deviation) age at index fracture was 80.4 (8.3) years. In the year prior to index fracture, 32,772 (28.3%) patients received OP treatment. The incidence of index fractures per 1,000 persons (95% confidence interval) from 2011–2015 ranged from 15.16 (14.98–15.35) to 16.32 (16.14–16.51). Of all examined index fracture types, hip fractures occurred in the greatest proportion (27.3%) of patients (Table). The proportion of patients incurring a second fracture of any type ranged from 13.4% (tibia, fibula, knee, or foot index fracture) to 23% (vertebral index fracture). Hip fractures were the most common subsequent fracture type and the proportion of subsequent hip fractures was highest in patients with an index hip fracture (Table). The median (interquartile range [IQR]) time to second fracture ranged from 436 (69–939) days (radius and ulna index fracture) to 640 (297–1,023) days (tibia, fibula, knee, or foot index fracture). The median (IQR) time from second to third fracture ranged from 237 (75–535) days (pelvis index fracture) to 384 (113–608) days (femur index fracture).

This real-world study found that elderly patients in Ontario, Canada incurring a primary fragility fracture from 2011–2015 were at risk for future fractures occurring over shorter periods of time with each subsequent fracture. These observations are consistent with previous reports of imminent fracture risk and the fragility fracture cascade in OP patients (Balasubramanian et al. ASBMR 2016, Toth et al. WCO-IOF-ESCEO 2018). Overall, these data suggest that in elderly patients with an index fragility fracture at any site (with the exception of the radius or ulna), the most likely subsequent fracture will occur at the hip in less than 2 years.

Previous studies have indicated that prolonged surgical time may lead to higher rates of infection following total hip arthroplasty (THA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of surgical time on 30-day complications following THA and to determine if there was a time interval associated with worse outcomes.

Patients ≥18 years who underwent THA between 2005 and 2016 were identified from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database using procedural codes. Patients with surgical durations >240 minutes were excluded. Patient demographics, operation length, and 30-day major and minor complications were ascertained. Multivariable regression was used to determine if the rate of complications differed depending on length of operation, while adjusting for relevant covariables, and to identify independent predictors of operation length. Covariables of interest included age, sex, American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) class, smoking status, functional status, comorbidities, anesthesia type, and Body Mass Index (BMI).

A total of 131,361 THA patients (average age 65 ±12 years) were identified from the database. Of these, 2,177 (1.64%) experienced a major complication, and 3,504 (2.64%) experienced a minor complication within 30-days of the initial procedure. Average operation length was 91.9 minutes (range 20 – 240 minutes). Independent predictors of prolonged operation length included overweight/obese BMI, male sex, cancer, dependent functional status, epidural anaesthetic, lower pre-operative hematocrit, and ASA class II, III or IV vs. I Alternatively, older age, current smoking, and spinal anaesthetic were associated with shorter surgical durations.

Unadjusted rates of both major and minor complications were significantly higher for patients whose operation lengths were ≥ 120 minutes (P>0.001). Specifically, patients whose operations lasted ≥ 120 minutes had higher rates of septic shock, sepsis, pulmonary embolism (PE), deep vein thrombosis (DVT), urinary tract infection (UTI), renal insufficiency, surgical site infection(SSI) and wound disruption. After covariable adjustment, surgical durations of 90–119 minutes increased the risk of minor complications by 1.2 (95%Confidence interval [95%CI] 1.1–1.3), while surgical durations of 120–179 minutes increased the risk of major complications by 1.4 (95%CI 1.3 – 1.6), and minor complications by 1.4 (95%CI 1.2 – 1.5), and surgical durations ≥180 minutes increased the risk of major complications by 2.1 (95%CI 1.8 – 2.6), and minor complications by 1.9 (95%CI 1.6 – 2.3). There was no difference in the overall risk of complications for operation times lasting 20 – 39, 40 – 59, or 60 – 89 minutes (P>0.05).

In terms of specific complications, operation length ≥90 minutes was determined to be an independent risk factor for deep and superficial incisional SSI, as well as wound disruption, while operation length ≥ 120 minutes was an independent risk factor for sepsis, UTI, and deep, non-incisional SSI and operation length ≥ 180 minutes was an independent risk factor for PE, DVT, and cardiac arrest (p < 0 .05). These data indicate that prolonged surgical durations may be an independent predictor of major and minor complications following THA. This suggests that quality improvements could be made to improve operating room efficiency and surgical times and therefore postoperative outcomes.

The Masquelet or induced membrane technique (IMT) is a two-stage surgical procedure used for the treatment of segmental bone defects. In this technique, the defect is first filled with a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) spacer, which triggers the formation of a membrane that will encapsulate the defect. During the second surgery, the spacer is carefully removed and replaced by autologous bone graft while preserving the membrane. This membrane is vascularized, contains growth factors, and provides mechanical stability to the graft, all of which are assumed to prevent graft resorption and promote bone healing.

The technique is gaining in popularity and several variations have been introduced in the clinical practice. For instance, orthopaedic surgeons now often include antibiotics in the spacer to treat or prevent infection. However, the consequences of this approach on the properties of the induce membrane are not fully understood. Accordingly, in a small animal model, this study aimed to determine the impact on the induced membrane of impregnating spacers with antibiotics frequently used in the IMT.

We surgically created a five-mm segmental defect in the right femur of 25 adult male Sprague Dawley rats. The bone was stabilized with a plate and screws before filling the defect with a PMMA spacer. Animals were divided into five equal groups according to the type and dose of antibiotics impregnated in the spacer: A) no antibiotic (control), B) low-dose tobramycin (1.2 g/40 g of PMMA), C) low-dose vancomycin (1 g/40 g of PMMA), D) high-dose tobramycin (3.6 g/40 g of PMMA), E) high-dose vancomycin (3 g/40 g of PMMA). The animals were euthanized three weeks after surgery and the induced membranes were collected and divided for analysis. We assessed the expression of selected genes (Alpl, Ctgf, Runx2, Tgfb1, Vegfa) within the membrane by quantitative real-time PCR. Moreover, frozen sections of the specimens were used to quantify vascularity by immunohistochemistry (CD31 antigen), proliferative cells by immunofluorescence (Ki-67 antigen), and membrane thickness. Microscopic images of the entire tissue sections were taken and analyzed using FIJI software. Finally, we measured the concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the membranes by ELISA.

No significant difference was found among the groups regarding the expression of genes related to osteogenesis (Alpl, Runx2), angiogenesis (Vegfa), or synthesis of extracellular matrix (Ctgf, Tgfb1) (n = four or five). Similarly, the density of proliferative cells and blood vessels within the membrane, as well as the membrane thickness, did not vary substantially between the control, low-dose, or high-dose antibiotic groups (n = four or five). The concentration of VEGF was also not significantly influenced by the treatment received (n = four or five).

The addition of tobramycin or vancomycin to the spacer, at the defined low and high doses, does not significantly alter the bioactive characteristics of the membrane. These results suggest that orthopaedic surgeons could use antibiotic-impregnated spacers for the IMT without compromising the induced membrane and potentially bone healing.

Purpose

There is no clear definition of a critical sized defect of the tibia. We defined it as a fracture gap at least one centimeter in length and involving over 50% of the cortical diameter. We explored if the presence of a critical-sized defect predicted reoperation, and which other factors predict reoperation in patients with the critical defect. The patient based outcomes of these patients were compared to patients without a critical defect.

Purpose

Our hypothesis was that closed tibia fractures treated with intramedullary nails are impacted by surgeon and center volumes.

Purpose

The recent emergence of autologous blood concentrates, such as platelet rich plasma (PRP), as a treatment option for patients with orthopaedic injuries has led to an extensive debate about their clinical benefit. Our objective was to determine the effectiveness of autologous blood concentrates compared with control therapy in improving pain in patients with orthopaedic bone and soft tissue injuries.

Purpose

Computer navigation for hip resurfacing has been shown to reduce the incidence of technical error during femoral head preparation and provides increased accuracy compared to conventional instrumentation for insertion of the initial femoral guidewire. Limitations to the widespread use of navigation in hip resurfacing include access and cost. A novel, patient specific nylon jig has been developed as a cost effective alternative for placement of the initial guidewire. The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of femoral guidewire insertion between imageless navigation, conventional instrumentation and a new type of CT-based custom jig.

Purpose

There is increasing evidence that primary fixation of displaced mid-shaft fractures of the clavicle results in superior short-term outcomes when compared to traditional non-operative methods. However, the results from published studies are limited to relatively short-term (one year or less) follow-up. Accurate data of longer follow-up is important for a number of reasons, including patient prognostication, counseling and care, the design of future trials, and the economic analysis of treatment. The purpose of this paper was to examine the results of the two year follow up of patients enrolled in a previously published randomized clinical trial of operative versus non-operative treatment of displaced fractures of the clavicle.

Purpose

To review prospectively collected data on patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty utilizing two different cementless acetabular components.

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to determine the rate of conversion from RSA to THR in a number of Canadian centers performing resurfacings

Purpose

Cross-linking of polyethylene greatly reduces its wear rate in hip simulator studies. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing cross-linked to conventional polyethylene liners for total hip arthroplasty to determine if there is a clinical reduction of: 1) wear rates, 2) radiographic osteolysis, and 3) need for total hip revision.

Purpose

Displaced midshaft clavicular fractures are a common injury with a high occurrence rate in young, active individuals. Non-operative care has traditionally been the standard of care for such fractures, but more recent studies have suggested benefits following primary operative fixation. The purpose of this study was to review the literature on displaced midshaft clavicle fractures, identify randomized controlled trials of operative versus non-operative treatment, and pool the functional outcome and complication rates (including nonunion and symptomatic malunion), to arrive at summary estimates of these outcomes.