The transtibial approach is widely used for femoral tunnel positioning in ACL reconstruction. Controversy exists over the superiority of this approach over others. Few studies reflected on the reproducibility rates of the femoral tunnel position in relation to the approach used. We reviewed AP and Lat X-ray radiographs post isolated ACL reconstruction for 180 patients for femoral tunnel position, tibial tunnel position and graft inclination angle. All patients had their operations performed by one surgeon in one hospital between March 2006 and Sep 2010. All operations were performed using one standard technique using transtibial approach for femoral tunnel positioning. Two orthopaedic fellows, with similar experiences, reviewed blinded radiographs. A second reading was done 8 weeks later. Pearson inter-observer and intra-observer correlation analyses were done using SPSS. Mean age was 29 years (range 16–54).Introduction
Methods
Tendon injuries remain challenging, secondary healing and prolonged immobilisation result in suboptimal outcome. Previous study by our group showed that demineralised bone matrix (DBM) can result in faster healing of a tendon enthesis. The aim of this study is to test different ways augmenting tendon with DBM to enhance tendon repair and regeneration. DBM strips were prepared from tibias of mature ewes. Patella, patellar tendon and tibias were dissected and the distal 1 cm of the patellar tendon was excised. 4 models were designed; Model-1, DBM strip was used to bridge the gap between the tendon and the tibial tuberosity. The DBM strip was stitched to the tendon using one bone anchor. Model-2, similar to model 1 with the use of 2 anchors. Model-3, similar to model 2, construct was off loaded by continuous thread looped twice through bony tunnels sited in the patella and in the tibial tuberosity. Model-4, similar to model 3 with 3 threads as off loading loop. All models were tested for pullout force and mode of failure.Introduction
Methods
Demineralised Bone Matrix (DBM) is widely used in Orthopaedics and dentistry as a bone graft substitute and may be used to augment bone formation in load bearing applications. In this study we examine the effect of gamma irradiation and freeze drying on the tensile strength of Demineralised Cortical Bone (DCB). Tibias were harvested from mature ewes and cut into bony strips. Demineralisation was done using 0.6M HCL and confirmed by X-ray. Specimens were washed until a pH of 7.0 +/_ 0.2 was achieved in the washing solutions. Specimens were allocated into 4 groups; group (A) non freeze dried non gamma irradiated, group (B) freeze dried non gamma irradiated, group (C) non freeze dried gamma irradiated mention the level of gamma irradiation and group (D) freeze dried and gamma irradiated. The maximum tensile force and stress were measured. Statistical analysis using the Mann-Whitney U test was carried out.Introduction
Methods
The transtibial approach is widely used for femoral tunnel positioning in ACL reconstruction. Controversy exists over the superiority of this approach over others. Few studies reflected on the reproducibility rates of the femoral tunnel position in relation to the approach used. We reviewed AP and Lat X-ray radiographs post isolated ACL reconstruction for 180 patients for femoral tunnel position, tibial tunnel position and graft inclination angle. All patients had their operations performed by one surgeon in one hospital between March 2006 and Sep 2010. All operations were performed using one standard technique using transtibial approach for femoral tunnel positioning. Two orthopaedic fellows, with similar experiences, reviewed blinded radiographs. A second reading was done 8 weeks later. Pearson inter-observer, intra-observer correlation and Bland-Altman agreements plots statistical analyses were done. Mean age was 29 years (range 16–54), Pearson intra-observer correlation shows substantial to perfect agreement while Pearson's inter-observer correlation shows moderate to substantial agreement. Previous literature proved that optimal femoral tunnel position for the best clinical and biomechanical outcome is for the centre of the tunnel to be at 43% from the lateral end of the width of the femoral condyles on the AP view and at 86% from the anterior end of the Blumensaat's line on the lateral view. In our study 85% of the femoral tunnels were within +/− 5% of the optimal tunnel position on the AP views, and more than 70% of the femoral tunnels were within +/−5% of the optimal tunnel position on the Lateral view. Interobserver and intraobserver corelations show moderate to substantial agreement, Bland-Altman agreement plots show substantial agreements for interobserver and intraobserver measurements. These results were found to be statistically significant at 0.01 Based on our results we conclude that using one standardised transtibial technique for ACL reconstruction can result in high reproducibility rates of optimal femoral tunnel position. Further studies are needed to validate our results and to study the reproducibility rates for different approaches and techniques.
“No routine post-operative follow up appointments” policy has been implemented in NHS hospitals in different specialties for uncomplicated surgical procedures. In trauma and orthopaedics few studies to date reviewed this practice and reflected on the patients' opinions. A total of 121 patients were recruited over 2 years, each patient had post operative follow up by the hand therapist for 3 months. 50 patients post Trapeziectomy and 71 patients post single digit Dupuytren's fasciectomy were prospectively surveyed for their opinion on their post operative care and whether they would have liked to be reviewed by the surgeon in a routine post operative follow up appointment or not. All operations were done by one surgeon in one hospital. All patients were reviewed by a hand therapist within 2 weeks post operatively and treatment protocols were followed with all the patients. During their final appointment with the hand therapist all patients completed a questionnaire.Introduction
Methods
In this study we reviewed all Total Elbow Replacements (TER) done in our hospital over eight years period (1997 – 2005), 21 patients (16 females, 5 males) were available for follow up and four were lost (two died and two moved out of the region) with average age of 65 years (range 44 – 77), all procedures were done by two upper limb surgeons (CHB & RGW). 16 patients (14 females, 2 males) had the procedure for Rheumatoid Arthritis and 5 patients (3 males, 2 females) undergone the procedure for post-traumatic arthritis. The average follow up was 61 months (range 12 – 120 months), the Mayo Clinic performance index, the DASH scores and activities of daily living (adopted from Secec Elbow Score) assessment tools were used. In addition, all patients were assessed for loosening using standard AP and lateral radiographs. Sixteen patients had Souter-Starthclyde prosthesis whilst three had Kudo and two had Conrad-Moorey prosthesis. All procedures were done through dorsal approach and all were cemented, the ulnar nerve was not transposed in any of the cases. The average elbow extension lag was 27 degrees (range 15 – 35) with flexion up to 130 degrees (range 110 – 140). Supination was 65 degrees (range 15 – 90) and pronation was 77 (range 55 – 90). The average DASH score was 51.3 (range 19 – 95), the Mayo elbow score was 82 (range 55 – 100) and the average Activities of daily living Secec Score was 17 (range 10 – 20). There were four complications, three ulnar nerve paresis which recovered and one wound complication which needed a flap cover. Two needed revision surgery, one for a periprosthetic fracture and one for loosening. Two patients showed radiological signs of loosening but were asymptomatic. The survival rate with revision as the end point is 95% for aseptic loosening and 90% for any other reason. Our study proves TER has good medium term results with good functional outcome and high patient satisfaction rate.
In this study we reviewed all Total Elbow Replacements (TER) done in our hospital over eight years period (1997 – 2005), 21 patients (16 females, 5 males) were available for follow up and four were lost (two died and two moved out of the region) with average age of 65 years (range 44 – 77), all procedures were done by two upper limb surgeons (CHB & RGW). 16 patients (14 females, 2 males) had the procedure for Rheumatoid Arthritis and 5 patients (3 males, 2 females) undergone the procedure for post-traumatic arthritis. The average follow up was 61 months (range 12 – 120 months), the Mayo Clinic performance index, the DASH scores and activities of daily living (adopted from Secec Elbow Score) assessment tools were used. In addition, all patients were assessed for loosening using standard AP and lateral radiographs. Sixteen patients had Souter-Starthclyde prosthesis whilst three had Kudo and two had Conrad-Moorey prosthesis. All procedures were done through dorsal approach and all were cemented, the ulnar nerve was not transposed in any of the cases. The average elbow extension lag was 27 degrees (range 15 – 35) with flexion up to 130 degrees (range 110 – 140). Supination was 65 degrees (range 15 – 90) and pronation was 77 (range 55 – 90). The average DASH score was 51.3 (range 19 – 95), the Mayo elbow score was 82 (range 55 – 100) and the average Activities of daily living Secec Score was 17 (range 10 – 20). There were four complications, three ulnar nerve paresis which recovered and one wound complication which needed a flap cover. Two needed revision surgery, one for a periprosthetic fracture and one for loosening. Two patients showed radiological signs of loosening but were asymptomatic. The survival rate with revision as the end point is 95% for aseptic loosening and 90% for any other reason. Our study proves TER has good medium term results with good functional outcome and high patient satisfaction rate.
