We present 346 consecutive revision procedures for aseptic loosening with acetabular impaction bone grafting (AIBG) and a cemented polyethylene cup. Defects were contained with mesh alone. Mean follow up of 6.6 years, range 8 days-13 years. The Oxford Hip (OHS) and Harris Hip (HHS) scores were collected prospectively. Radiological definition of cup failure was either > 5mm displacement, or > 5° rotation. Cox regression analysis was performed on ten separate patient and surgical factors to determine their significance on survivorship. Kaplan Meier survivorship at 10 years (42 cases remaining at risk) for aseptic loosening was 87% (95% confidence Interval (CI): 81.6 to 92.2) and 85.6% (95% CI: 80.3 to 90.9) for all revisions. These results are comparable to other reported series utilising AIBG. However, there were 88 cases (25%) that exceeded the radiological migration parameters, but their functional scores were not significantly different to the non-migrators: OHS p=0.273, HHS p=0.16. The latest post-operative mean OHS was 33 (SD 10.66). Female gender (p=0.039), increasing graft thickness (p=0.006) and the use of mesh (p=0.037) were significant risk factors for revision, but differing techniques in graft preparation, including artificial graft expanders (p=0.73), had no significant effect when analysed using Cox regression

THA in patients with acetabular bone defects is associated with a high risk of dislocation. Dual mobility (DM) cups are known to prevent and treat chronic instability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dislocation rate and survival of jumbo DM cups. This was a retrospective, continuous, multicenter study of all the cases of jumbo DM cup implantation between 2010 and 2017 in patients with acetabular bone loss (Paprosky 2A: 46%, 2B: 32%, 2C: 15% and 3A: 6%). The indications for implantation were revisions for aseptic loosening of the cup (n=45), aseptic loosening of the femoral stem (n=3), bipolar loosening (n=11), septic loosening (n=10), periprosthetic fracture (n=5), chronic dislocation (n=4), intraprosthetic dislocation (n=2), cup impingement (n=1), primary posttraumatic arthroplasty (n=8), and acetabular dysplasia (n=4). The jumbo cups used were COPTOS TH (SERF), which combines press-fit fixation with supplemental fixation (acetabular hook, two superior flanges with one to four screws, two acetabular pegs). A bone graft was added in 74 cases (80%). The clinical assessment consisted of the Harris hip score. The primary endpoint was surgical revision for aseptic acetabular loosening or the occurrence of a dislocation episode. In all, 93 patients were reviewed at a mean follow-up of 5.3 ± 2.3 years [0, 10]. As of the last follow-up, the acetabular cup had been changed in five cases: three due to aseptic loosening (3.2%) and two due to infection (2.1%). The survivorship free of aseptic loosening was 96.8%. Three patients (3%) suffered a dislocation. At the last follow-up visit, the mean HSS scores were 72.15, (p < 0.05). Use of a jumbo DM cup in cases of acetabular bone defects leads to satisfactory medium-term results with low dislocation and loosening rates

Increasing femoral offset in total hip replacement (THR) has several benefits including improved hip abductor strength and enhanced range of motion. Biomechanical studies have suggested that this may negatively impact on stem stability. However, it is unclear whether this has a clinical impact. Using data from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR), the aim of this study was to determine the impact of stem offset and stem size for the three most common cementless THR prostheses revised for aseptic loosening. The study period was September 1999 to December 2020. The study population included all primary procedures for osteoarthritis with a cementless THR using the Corail, Quadra-H and Polarstem. Procedures were divided into small and large stem sizes and by standard and high stem offset for each stem system. Hazard ratios (HR) from Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for age and gender, were performed to compare revision for aseptic loosening for offset and stem size for each of the three femoral stems. There were 55,194 Corail stems, 13,642 Quadra-H stem, and 13,736 Polarstem prostheses included in this study. For the Corail stem, offset had an impact only when small stems were used (sizes 8-11). Revision for aseptic loosening was increased for the high offset stem (HR=1.90;95% CI 1.53–2.37;p<0.001). There was also a higher revision risk for aseptic loosening for high offset small size Quadra-H stems (sizes 0-3). Similar to the Corail stem, offset did not impact on the revision risk for larger stems (Corail sizes 12-20, Quadra-H sizes 4-7). The Polarstem did not show any difference in aseptic loosening revision risk when high and standard offset stems were compared, and this was irrespective of stem size. High offset may be associated with increased revision for aseptic loosening, but this is both stem size and prosthesis specific

Instability and aseptic loosening are the two main complications after revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA). Dual-mobility (DM) cups were shown to counteract implant instability during rTHA. To our knowledge, no study evaluated the 10-year outcomes of rTHA using DM cups, cemented into a metal reinforcement ring, in cases of severe acetabular bone loss. We hypothesized that using a DM cup cemented into a metal ring is a reliable technique for rTHA at 10 years, with few revisions for acetabular loosening and/or instability. This is a retrospective study of 77 rTHA cases with severe acetabular bone loss (Paprosky ≥ 2C) treated exclusively with a DM cup (NOVAE STICK; SERF, DÉCINES-CHARPIEU, FRANCE) cemented into a cage (Kerboull cross, Burch-Schneider, or ARM rings). Clinical scores and radiological assessments were performed preoperatively and at the last follow-up. The main endpoints were revision surgery for aseptic loosening or recurring dislocation. With a mean follow-up of 10.7 years [2.1-16.2], 3 patients were reoperated because of aseptic acetabular loosening (3.9%) at 9.6 years [7-12]. Seven patients (9.45%) dislocated their hip implant, only 1 suffered from chronic instability (1.3%). Cup survivorship was 96.1% at 10 years. No sign of progressive radiolucent lines were found and bone graft integration was satisfactory for 91% of the patients. The use of a DM cup cemented into a metal ring during rTHA with complex acetabular bone loss was associated with low revision rates for either acetabular loosening or chronic instability at 10 years. That's why we also recommend DM cup for all high risk of dislocation situations

The benefits of HXLPE in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have not been as evident as total hip arthroplasty (THA). A systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the impact of highly-crosslinked polyethylene (HXLPE) on TKA outcomes compared to conventional polyethylene (CPE) is described. All studies comparing HXLPE with CPE for primary TKA were included for analysis. The minimum dataset included revision rates, indication for revision, aseptic component loosening and follow-up time. The primary outcome variables were all-cause revision, aseptic revision, revision for loosening, radiographic component loosening, osteolysis and incidence of radiolucent lines. Secondary outcome measures included postoperative functional knee scores. A random-effects meta-analysis allowing for all missing data was performed for all primary outcome variables. Six studies met the inclusion criteria. In total, there were 2,234 knees (1,105 HXLPE and 1,129 CPE). The combined mean follow-up for all studies was 6 years. The aseptic revision rate in the HXLPE group was 1.02% compared to 1.97% in the CPE group. There was no difference in the rate of all-cause revision (p = 0.131), aseptic revision (p = 0.298) or revision for component loosening (p = 0.206) between the two groups. Radiographic loosening (p = 0.200), radiolucent lines (p = 0.123) and osteolysis (p = 0.604) was similar between both groups. Functional outcomes were similar between groups. The use of HXLPE in TKA yields similar results for clinical and radiographic outcomes when compared to CPE at midterm follow-up. HXLPE does not confer the same advantages to TKA as seen in THA

The benefit of using acetabular screws in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been questioned in recent years. The disadvantages of using screws include increased operative time, risk of injury to surrounding neurovascular structures and metal ware breakage. Recent large registry studies have reported that screws do not confer a protective effect against acetabular loosening or the presence of osteolysis. Other studies have even described an increased risk of aseptic acetabular loosening with the selective use of screws. We report findings from a multicentre cohort study. This large cohort study compared clinical outcomes between primary acetabular components that were inserted with and without screws. Independent variables included the presence (or absence) of screws, the total number of screws used and the cumulative screw length (CSL). Outcome measures included all-cause revision, acetabular component revision and acetabular component loosening. Statistical software (Stata/IC 13.1 for Mac [64-bit Intel]) was used to conduct all statistical analyses. A p-value < 0 .05 taken to be significant. There were 4,583 THAs performed in total. Screws were used in 15.9% (n=733). At a mean follow-up of 5.2 years, the all-cause revision rate in the screw cohort was 1.5% compared to 0.83% in the no screw cohort (p=0.085). There was no difference in acetabular component revision rates for screws (3/733, 0.41%) versus no screws (12/3,850, 0.31%) (p=0.439). The rate of acetabular loosening noted during the time of revision surgery was significantly higher when screws were used in the index procedure (2/733, 0.2%) compared to the no screw cohort (1/3,850, 0.02%) (p=0.017). There was no difference in outcomes when stratifying by the number of screws used or the cumulative screw length. Primary acetabular components do not require screws for fixation. All cause revision rates and acetabular component revision rates are comparable for the screw and the no screw cohorts. The rate of acetabular component loosening, as observed during revision surgery, is significantly higher when screws are used in the index total hip replacement

Constrained implants with intra-medullary fixation are expedient for complex TKA. Constraint is associated with loosening, but can correction of deformity mitigate risk of loosening?. Primary TKA's with a non-linked constrained prosthesis from 2010-2018 were identified. Indications were ligamentous instability or intra-medullary fixation to bypass stress risers. All included fully cemented 30mm stem extensions on tibia and femur. If soft tissue stability was achieved, a posterior stabilized (PS) tibial insert was selected. Pre and post TKA full length radiographs showed. i. hip-knee-ankle angles (HKAA). ii. Kennedy Zone (KZ) where hip to ankle vector crosses knee joint. 77 TKA's in 68 patients, average age 69.3 years (41-89.5) with OA (65%) post-trauma (24.5%) and inflammatory arthropathy (10.5%). Pre-op radiographs (62 knees) showed varus in 37.0%. (HKAA: 4. o. -29. o. ), valgus in 59.6% (HKAA range 8. o. -41. o. ) and 2 knees in neutral. 13 cases deceased within 2 years were excluded. Six with 2 year follow up pending have not been revised. Mean follow-up is 6.1 yrs (2.4-11.9yrs). Long post-op radiographs showed 34 (57.6%) in central KZ (HKKA 180. o. +/- 2. o. ). . Thirteen (22.0%) were in mechanical varus (HKAA 3. o. -15. o. ) and 12 (20.3%) in mechanical valgus: HKAA (171. o. -178. o. ). Three failed with infection; 2 after ORIF and one with BMI>50. The greatest post op varus suffered peri-prosthetic fracture. There was no aseptic loosening or instability. Only full-length radiographs accurately measure alignment and very few similar studies exist. No cases failed by loosening or instability, but PPF followed persistent malalignment. Infection complicated prior ORIF and elevated BMI. This does not endorse indiscriminate use of mechanically constrained knee prostheses. Lower demand patients with complex arthropathy, especially severe deformity, benefit from fully cemented, non-linked constrained prostheses, with intra-medullary fixation. Hinges are not necessarily indicated, and rotational constraint does not lead to loosening

Introduction. The mobile-bearing (MB) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) design was introduced with the aim of reducing polyethylene wear and component loosening seen in the fixed-bearing (FB) design. A recent joint registry study has revealed increased risk for all-cause revision, but not revision for infection, in MB-TKA. We used the New Zealand Joint Registry (NZJR) to compare all-cause revision rates, and revision rates for aseptic loosening of MB-TKA compared with fixed bearing (FB) TKA. Methods. All patients who underwent a primary TKA registered in the NZJR between the 1st January 1999 to 31st December 2021 were identified. Analysis compared MB to FB designs, with sub analysis of implants from a single company. We identified 135,707 primary TKAs, with 104,074 (76.7%) FB-TKAs and 31,633 (23.3%) MB-TKAs recorded. We examined all-cause revision rates, reasons for revision and performed survival analyses. Results. For all-comers, MB-TKA had an all-cause revision rate of 0.43/100-component-years (OCY) compared with 0.42/OCY for FB-TKA (p=0.09). The all-cause revision rate was higher for those age < 65 years (MB TKA 0.60/OCY vs. FB-TKA 0.59/OCY) compared to those > 65 years at time of primary TKA (MB-TKA 0.29/OCY vs. FB-TKA 0.32/OCY), however there was no statistically significant difference between implant design in either age group (p=0.16 and p=0.64; respectively). Similarly, there was no difference in revision rates for aseptic loosening between implant designs. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrates no statistically significant difference in revision-free survival of implants, with both MB-TKA and FB-TKA demonstrating ∼93% revision free survival at 23 years. Conclusions. Both FB- and MB-TKA demonstrated excellent survivorship, with no significant difference in all-cause revision rates or revision for aseptic loosening between implant designs

Hip and knee arthroplasty (HKA) are two of the most successful orthopaedic procedures. However, one major complication necessitating revision surgery is osteolysis causing aseptic loosening of the prosthesis. JAK-STAT has been demonstrated to influence bone metabolism and can be regulated by microRNA (miRNA). Adult patients with osteolysis or aseptic loosening undergoing revision HKA were recruited. Age and gender matched patients undergoing primary hip or knee arthroplasty were our controls. Samples of bone, tissue and blood were collected and RNA isolation was performed. The best quality samples were used for RNA-sequencing. Data analysis was performed using RStudio and Galaxy to identify differentially expressed genes. Western blotting of IL6 was used to confirm protein expression. Five circulating miRNA were identified which had 10 differentially expressed genes in bone and 11 differentially expressed genes in tissue related to the JAK-STAT pathway. IL6 in bone and EpoR in bone were highly significant and IL6 in tissue, MPL in bone, SOCS3 in tissue, JAK3 in bone and SPRED1 in bone were borderline significant. Western blot results demonstrated up-expression of IL6 in bone tissue of revision patients. Periprosthetic osteolysis and aseptic loosening can be attributed to miRNA regulation of the JAK-STAT pathway in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, leading to increased bone resorption. These findings can be used for further experiments to determine utility in the clinical setting for identifying diagnostic markers or therapeutic targets

The external fixator is an invaluable device when treating acute complex trauma and in limb reconstruction. It is therefore important to ensure its efficient and safe application to avoid complications. A lot of research has been done to evaluate the factors around external fixator stability, pin site infections and more is still being done to understand pin loosening. The purpose of this study was to evaluate other factors that may contribute in external fixator pin loosening. The aim was to evaluate if the different Schanz pin insertion techniques contribute to pin loosening. Two tibia diaphyses from two cadavers were each divided into three sections. Three different drilling techniques were repeated in each of the sections. A total of 36 Schanz pins were inserted and a section cut out of the bone in front of the pins was done allowing visual inspection of the pin hole for features of thread stripping. These features were predefined as thread pattern disruption, smoothening and shallow imprint on the cortex. Evidence of pin thread stripping was seen in all of the pin insertion techniques. The first method where the hole was pre-drilled and pin inserted with the drill showed 100% thread stripping. The second method of pre-drilling and hand insertion showed the least amount with 16.7% of pin stripping noted and 66.7% pin thread stripping was observed when inserting the pin with power without pre-drilling the pilot hole using the third method. Different pin insertion techniques result in varying amounts of pin thread stripping. The most amount of thread stripping occurs when a Schanz pin is inserted with power after pre-drilling. This finding, although not measured scientifically, supports the current recommendation of pre-drilling and manual insertion of the pin. In future, more scientific measurement are necessary to quantify these findings and assess their clinical significance

Introduction. Acetabular component loosening with associated bone loss is a challenge in revision hip arthroplasty. Trabecular Metal (TM) by Zimmer Biomet has been shown to have greater implant survivorship for all-cause acetabular revision in small cohort retrospective studies. Our study aims to review outcomes of acetabular TM implants locally. Method. This is a retrospective observational study using data from Auckland City and North Shore Hospitals from 1st of January 2010 to 31st of December 2020. Primary outcome is implant survivorship (re-revision acetabular surgery for any cause) demonstrated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Secondary outcome is indication for index revision and re-revision surgery. Multivariate analysis used to identify statistically significant factors for re-revision surgery. Results. 225 cases used acetabular TM implants (shells and/or augments) over 10 years. Indications include aseptic loosening (63%), instability (15%) and infection (13%). Of these, 12% (n=28) had further re-revision for infection (54%) and instability (21%). Median time to re-revision was 156 days (range 11 – 2022). No cases of re-revision were due to failure of bony ingrowth or acetabular component loosening. Ethnicity, smoking status, and age were not risk factors for re-revision procedures. Additionally, previous prosthetic joint infection, ethnicity, sex and age were not significant risk factors for re-revision due to infection. Implant survivorship was 80% at 1 year, 71% at 5 years and 64% at 10 years. Discussion. Main indications for re-revision were infection and instability. Demographic factors and co-morbidities did not correlate with increased re-revision risk. Survivorship is poorer compared to cumulative survivorship reported by the New Zealand Joint Registry (NZJR). Explanations are multifactorial and possibly contributed by underestimation of true revision rates by registry data. Conclusions. We need to identify alternate causes for poorer survivorship and review the role of TM implants in acetabular revision within our specified population

Aim. In recent years, many studies on revision for infection after arthroplasty have been published. In national arthroplasty registers, revision for infection is defined as surgical debridement, with or without removal or exchange of the entire or parts of the prosthesis due to deep infection, and should be reported to the register immediately after surgery. The diagnosis of infection is made at the surgeon's discretion, based on pre- and perioperative assessment and evaluation, and is not to be corrected to the register based on peroperative bacterial cultures. Due to this lack of validation, the rate of revision for infection will only be an approximation of the true rate of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Our aim was to validate the reporting of infection after total hip arthroplasty, and to assess if revisions for infection actually represented true PJI. Methods. We investigated the reported revisions for infection and aseptic loosening after total hip arthroplasty from 12 hospitals, representing one region of the country, reported during the period 2010–2020. The electronic patient charts were investigated for information on surgical treatment, use of antibiotics, biochemistry and microbiology findings. PJI was defined as growth of at least two phenotypically identical microbes in perioperative tissue samples. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were calculated. Results. 145 revisions for infection and 137 revisions for aseptic loosening were reported. Of the reported infections, there were 141/145 true positives and 4/145 false positives. Of the reported aseptic loosenings, there were 126/137 true negatives and 11/137 false negatives. This gives a positive predictive value of 0.97, negative predictive value of 0.92, sensitivity of 0.93, specificity of 0.97 and accuracy of 0.95. Interpretation. We found the reporting revision for infection after total hip arthroplasty to the national register accurate. There was high correlation between reported revision for infection and PJI. Studies on revision for infection from arthroplasty registers may therefore be considered as reliable as studies of true PJI

Background. Exebacase, an antistaphylococcal lysin in Phase 3 of development as a treatment for S. aureus bacteremia/right-sided endocarditis has demonstrated antibiofilm activity in vitro and has previously been used as salvage therapy in four patients with relapsing multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. epidermidis knee prosthetic joint infection (PJI) using a procedure called LysinDAIR (administration of the lysin during the performance of an arthroscopic DAIR). Materials/methods. We performed a single center, exploratory, open-label prospective study using the LysinDAIR procedure in patients with chronic (inoculation >3 months prior to treatment) coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) PJI of the knee with two different clinical presentations and treatment paradigms. Cohort A: first episode of CNS knee PJI, for whom the LysinDAIR was followed by clindamycin + levofloxacin planned to be prescribed for three months and then stopped; and Cohort B: relapsing episodes of MDR CNS knee PJI for whom the LysinDAIR was followed by primary antimicrobial therapy for three months, followed by suppressive antimicrobial therapy (SAT). Exebacae susceptibility testing was performed before treatment for each patient. In agreement with the French Health authority, exebacase (2 to 3.5 total mg in 30–50 ml (∼0.067 – 0.075 mg/m) was administered directly into the joint during arthroscopy. Results. Eight patients were treated. Exebacase administration was well tolerated by all patients and no serious adverse drug reactions to exebacase were reported. In cohort A (n=4), patients had susceptible S. epidermidis PJI, a painful joint effusion without fistula and without loosening, and received three months of levofloxacin + clindamycin (one patient received an alternative regimen following antibiotic adverse events) and then antibiotics were stopped. During a follow-up of 14, 19, 26 and 36 months, no relapse, no recurrence of the joint effusion and no loosening occurred. In cohort B (n=4), patients had MDR CNS, clinical signs of septic arthritis with a joint effusion without fistula and without loosening and received daptomycin + linezolid or doxycycline. One patient died from COVID-19 at week 4. SAT (tedizolide, n=2; doxycycline, n=1) was then prescribed to other patients. One experienced an infection relapse involving S. caprae under tedizolid therapy at six months. The two other patients continue to do well under SAT 8 and 12 months after the LysinDAIR procedure. Conclusions. The LysinDAIR procedure is a minimally invasive procedure, which has been shown to be easy-to-perform, safe, and has the potential for use as initial treatment or salvage therapy in patients with CNS chronic knee PJI

Increased femoral head size reduces the rate of dislocation after total hip arthroplasty (THA). With the introduction of highly crosslinked polyethylene (HXLPE) liners in THA there has been a trend towards using larger size femoral heads in relatively smaller cup sizes, theoretically increasing the risk of liner fracture, wear, or aseptic loosening. Short to medium follow-up studies have not demonstrated a negative effect of using thinner HXLPE liners. However, there is concern that these thinner liners may prematurely fail in the long-term, especially in those with thinner liners. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term survival and revision rates of HXLPE liners in primary THA, as well as the effect of liner thickness on these outcomes. We hypothesized that there would be no significant differences between the different liner thicknesses. We performed a retrospective database analysis from a single center of all primary total hip replacements using HXLPE liners from 2010 and earlier, including all femoral head sizes. All procedures were performed by fellowship trained arthroplasty surgeons. Patient characteristics, implant details including liner thickness, death, and revisions (all causes) were recorded. Patients were grouped for analysis for each millimeter of PE thickness (e.g. 4.0-4.9mm, 5.0-5.9mm). Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were estimated with all-cause and aseptic revisions as the endpoints. A total of 2354 patients (2584 hips) were included (mean age 64.3 years, min-max 19-96). Mean BMI was 29.0 and 47.6% was female. Mean follow-up was 13.2 years (range 11.0-18.8). Liner thickness varied from 4.9 to 12.7 mm. Seven patients had a liner thickness <5.0mm and 859 had a liner thickness of <6.0mm. Head sizes were 28mm (n=85, 3.3%), 32mm (n=1214, 47.0%), 36mm (n=1176, 45.5%), and 40mm (n=109, 4.2%), and 98.4% were metal heads. There were 101 revisions, and in 78 of these cases the liner was revised. Reason for revision was instability/dislocation (n=34), pseudotumor/aseptic lymphocyte-dominant vasculitis associated lesion (n=18), fracture (n=17), early loosening (n=11), infection (n=7), aseptic loosening (n=4), and other (n=10). When grouped by liner thickness, there were no significant differences between the groups when looking at all-cause revision (p=0.112) or aseptic revision (p=0.116). In our cohort, there were no significant differences in all-cause or aseptic revisions between any of the liner thickness groups at long-term follow-up. Our results indicate that using thinner HXPE liners to maximize femoral head size in THA does not lead to increased complications or liner failures at medium to long term follow-up. As such, orthopedic surgeons can consider the use of larger heads at the cost of liner thickness a safe practice to reduce the risk of dislocation after THA when using HXLPE liners

Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is characterised by increased bone resorption and development of an erratic bone structure that is highly fragile and susceptible to fracture. In addition, altered joint biomechanics lead to arthritis, more often in the hip and pelvis, resulting in disability and a Total hip Arthroplasty (THA) may be required. THA in PDB is associated with more complications compared to normal population. There is no consensus on the type of arthroplasty that performs better in people with PDB. To our knowledge, there is no meta-analysis in literature on this rare problem. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the effectiveness of cemented versus cementless THA in patients with PDB. PRISMA guidelines were followed. Search strings were generated based on Boolean operators for identification of the reference articles. 31 studies were included overall. Revision rate was lower in the cementless group compared to the cemented group (chi square=4.36, p=0.04), aseptic loosening was lesser in the cementless group compared to the cemented group (chi square=4.13, p=0.04). The type of the arthroplasty did not affect the infection rate (chi square=2.51, p=0.11), pre and post op Harris Hip Score showed statistically significant difference, but there was no difference between types of arthroplasty. We conclude that THA with uncemented components is better and provided lower revision and aseptic loosening when compared to cemented groups in patients with PDB

Abstract. Background. Although tantalum is a well recognised implant material used for revision arthroplasty, little is known regarding the use of the same in primary total hip arthroplasty. Methods. A literature search was performed to find all relevant clinical studies until March 2020, which then underwent a further selection criteria. The inclusion criteria was set as follows: Reporting on human patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty; Direct comparison between tantalum acetabular cups with conventional acetabular cups. for use in primary total hip arthroplasty; Radiological evaluation (cup migration, osteointegration); Clinical (functional scores, need for subsequent revision, patient-reported outcomes; Post-operative complications; Reporting findings in the English Language. After a thorough search a total of six studies were included in the review. The primary outcome. measures were clinical outcomes, implant migration, change in bone mineral density and rate of revision and infection. Results. Tantalum was found superior to titanium with regards to fewer radiolucencies, survivorship, osteointegration, decreased osteolysis and mechanical loosening. No significant difference in radioisometric analysis, bone mineral density or Harris Hip Score was found. Revision and infection rates were found to be significantly lower in tantalum group at 10 years from pooled data of national joint registry. Conclusion. The use of tantalum can be reserved for cases of high risk of failure or mechanical loosening, where failure of a contralateral joint occurred as it carries lower risk of failure and infection. Further studies with longer follow-up would be useful in drawing further conclusions

The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to investigate the reasons for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) revisions at a tertiary hospital over a four-year period. The study aimed to identify the primary causes of TKA revisions and shed light on the implications for patient care and outcomes. The study included 31 patients who underwent revisions after primary knee arthroplasty between January 2017 and December 2020. A retrospective approach was employed, utilizing medical records and radiological findings to identify the reasons for TKA revisions. The study excluded oncology patients to focus on non-oncologic indications for revision surgeries. Patient demographics, including age and gender, were recorded. Data analysis involved categorizing the reasons for revision based on clinical assessments and radiological evidence. Among the 31 patients included in the study, 9 were males and 22 were females. The age of the patients ranged from 43 to 81, with a median age of 65 and an interquartile range of 18.5. The primary reasons for TKA revisions were identified as aseptic loosening (10 cases) and prosthetic joint infection (PJI) (13 cases). Additional reasons included revision from surgitech hemicap (1 case), patella osteoarthritis (1 case), stiffness (2 cases), patella maltracking (2 cases), periprosthetic fracture (1 case), and patella resurfacing (1 case). The findings of this retrospective cohort study highlight aseptic loosening and PJI as the leading causes of TKA revisions in the examined patient population. These results emphasize the importance of optimizing surgical techniques, implant selection, and infection control measures to reduce the incidence of TKA revisions. Future research efforts should focus on preventive strategies to enhance patient outcomes and mitigate the need for revision surgeries in TKA procedures

The 2021 Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry report indicated that total shoulder replacement using both mid head (TMH) length humeral components and reverse arthroplasty (RTSA) had a lower revision rate than stemmed humeral components in anatomical total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA) - for all prosthesis types and diagnoses. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of component variables in the various primary total arthroplasty alternatives for osteoarthritis in the shoulder. Data from a large national arthroplasty registry were analysed for the period April 2004 to December 2020. The study population included all primary aTSA, RTSA, and TMH shoulder arthroplasty procedures undertaken for osteoarthritis (OA) using either cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) or non-cross-linked polyethylene (non XLPE). Due to the previously documented and reported higher revision rate compared to other anatomical total shoulder replacement options, those using a cementless metal backed glenoid components were excluded. The rate of revision was determined by Kaplan-Meir estimates, with comparisons by Cox proportional hazard models. Reasons for revision were also assessed. For a primary diagnosis of OA, aTSA with a cemented XLPE glenoid component had the lowest revision rate with a 12-year cumulative revision rate of 4.7%, compared to aTSA with cemented non-XLPE glenoid component of 8.7%, and RTSA of 6.8%. The revision rate for TMH was lower than aTSA with cemented non-XLPE, but was similar to the other implants at the same length of follow-up. The reason for revision for cemented aTSR was most commonly component loosening, not rotator cuff deficiency. Long stem humeral components matched with XLPE in aTSA achieve a lower revision rate compared to shorter stems, long stems with conventional polyethylene, and RTSA when used to treat shoulder OA. In all these cohorts, loosening, not rotator cuff failure was the most common diagnosis for revision

This study aimed to analyze the effect of two different techniques of cement application: cement on bone surface (CoB) versus cement on bone surface and implant surface (CoBaI) on the short-term effect of radiolucent lines (RLL) in primary fully cemented total knee arthroplasties (TKA) with patella resurfacing. 379 fully cemented TKAs (318 patients) were included in this monocentric study. Preoperative and postoperative at week 4 and 12 month after surgery all patients had a clinical and radiological examination and were administered the Oxford Knee Score (OKS). Cement was applied in two different ways among the two study groups: cement on bone surface (CoB group) or cement on bone surface and implant surface (CoBaI group). The evaluation of the presence of RLL or osteolysis was done as previously described using the updated Knee Society Radiographic Evaluation System. The mean OKS and range of motion improved significantly in both groups at the 4-week and 12-month follow-up, with no significant difference between the groups (CoB vs. CoBaI). RLL were present in 4.7% in the whole study population and were significantly higher in the CoBaI group (10.5%) at the 4-week follow-up. At the 12-month follow-up RLL were seen in 29.8% of the TKAs in the CoBaI group, whereas the incidence was lower in the CoB group (24.0% (n.s.)). There were two revisions in each group. None of these due to aseptic loosening. Our study indicated that the application of bone cement on bone surface only might be more beneficial than onto the bone surface and onto the implant surface as well in respect to the short-term presence of RLL in fully cemented primary TKA. The long-term results will be of interest, especially in respect to aseptic loosening and might guide future directions of bone cement applications in TKA

Hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA) is a bone conserving alternative to total hip arthroplasty. We present the early 1 and 2-year clinical and radiographical follow-up of a novel ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC) HRA in a multi-centric Australian cohort. Patient undergoing HRA between September 2018 and April 2021 were prospectively included. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMS) in the form of the Forgotten Joint Score (FJS), HOOS Jr, WOMAC, Oxford Hip Score (OHS) and UCLA Activity Score were collected preoperatively and at 1- and 2-years post-operation. Serial radiographs were assessed for migration, component alignment, evidence of osteolysis/loosening and heterotopic ossification formation. 209 patients were identified of which 106 reached 2-year follow-up. Of these, 187 completed PROMS at 1 year and 90 at 2 years. There was significant improvement in HOOS (p< 0.001) and OHS (p< 0.001) between the pre-operative, 1-year and 2-years outcomes. Patients also reported improved pain (p<0.001), function (p<0.001) and reduced stiffness (p<0.001) as measured by the WOMAC score. Patients had improved activity scores on the UCLA Active Score (p<0.001) with 53% reporting return to impact activity at 2 years. FJS at 1 and 2-years were not significantly different (p=0.38). There was no migration, osteolysis or loosening of any of the implants. The mean acetabular cup inclination angle was 41.3° and the femoral component shaft angle was 137°. No fractures were reported over the 2-year follow-up with only 1 patient reporting a sciatic nerve palsy. There was early return to impact activities in more than half our patients at 2 years with no early clinical or radiological complications related to the implant. Longer term follow-up with increased patient numbers are required to restore surgeon confidence in HRA and expand the use of this novel product. In conclusion, CoC resurfacing at 2-years post-operation demonstrate promising results with satisfactory outcomes in all recorded PROMS