Background. Neglected clubfoot in this series is defined as untreated equino-cavo-adducto-varus in older children, or adults. Relapsed clubfoot is the residual deformity that remains after single or multiple surgical interventions. Severe neglected clubfoot rarely exists today in developed countries, except in some emigrants from low- and middle-income countries. Acute surgical management with corrective mid-foot osteotomy and elongation of the Achilles tendon has excellent functional outcome. Objective. To assess the functional outcome of acute correction of neglected Talipes-quino-varus deformity in adults. Methods. This is cross sectional, hospital–based study that took place in Khartoum, Sudan. Forty patients were included in this study. Midfoot osteotomy and elongation of the Achilles tendon were performed to all patients. Data was collected using a questionnaire and the functional outcome has been assessed using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Score (AOFAS). This score was measured before surgery and one years after surgery. Results. The mean age was 19.9±4.7 years. Males were 25 (62.5%) and females were 15 (37.5%). The mean preoperative AOFAS score was 37.7±7.1 (poor). This score improved to 80.7±13.7 (good to excellent), two years after surgery. However, this indicates significant change in the functional outcome after the operation (P value < 0.05). Excellent post-operative functional outcome was found among patients aged 18 – 23 years 18 (50%) P. value: 0.021. The majority of patients 36(90%) were fully satisfied with the operation, 2(5%) partially satisfied and 2(5%) were unsatisfied. Conclusion. Acute correction of neglected and relapsed TEV with elongation of the Achilles tendon and single midfoot osteotomy has excellent functional outcome as assessed by AOFAS Score. The satisfaction with this procedure is impressive. The younger age population showed better outcomes with this procedure

Rocker bottom deformity may occur during the conservative treatment of idiopathic congenital clubfoot. Between 1975 and 1996, we treated 715 patients (1120 clubfeet) conservatively. A total of 23 patients (36 feet; 3.2%) developed a rocker bottom deformity. It is these patients that we have studied. The pathoanatomy of the rocker bottom deformity is characterised by a plantar convexity appearing between three and six months of age with the hindfoot equinus position remaining constant. The convexity initially involves the medial column, radiologically identified by the talo-first metatarsal angle and secondly by the lateral column, revealed radiologically as the calcaneo-fifth metatarsal angle. The apex of the deformity is usually at the midtrasal with a dorsal calcaneocuboid subluxation. Ideal management of clubfoot deformity should avoid this complication, with adequate manipulation and splinting and early Achilles’ percutaneous tenotomy if plantar convexity occurs. Adequate soft-tissue release provides satisfactory correction for rocker bottom deformity. However, this deformity requires more extensive and complex procedures than the standard surgical treatment of clubfoot. The need for lateral radiographs to ensure that the rocker bottom deformity is recognised early, is demonstrated

Background. Treatment of arthrogrypotic clubfoot (AC) presents a challenging problem. Over time many different methods have been proposed, with variable rates of success, recurrence and other complications. In this study we describe our 20-year experience in treatment of AC. Materials and methods. Between 1996 and 2016, 165 AC in 90 children (51 males and 39 females) were treated in our department. Their mean age was 7.6 years (3 months-16 years). Ponseti casting and Achilles tendon release (PCATR) was performed on 38 children (68 feet) and soft tissue release and casting (STRC) on 35 children (67 feet). The remaining 17 children (30 feet) underwent wide soft tissue release and correction using the Ilizarov method (STRIL). The results of each subgroup were graded according to clinical (pain, foot appearance, residual deformities, walking and standing status and shoe modifications) and radiological (anteroposterior and lateral talocalcanear angles, the angle between longitudinal axes of talus and the first metatarsal and the position of talus in the lateral view) criteria. Results. The average follow up was 6.4 (2–10) years. Results were excellent (plantigrade, painless, properly loaded feet, without deformities, adapted to common shoes) in 56 PCATR group feet, 59 STRC group feet and 23 STRIL group feet. Good results (required orthopaedic shoes) were obtained in 10 PCATR group feet, 6 STRC group feet and 7 STRIL group feet. Fair results (residual temporary pain and/or mild deformity) presented 2 PCATR group feet and 1 STRC group foot, while bad results (reoccurrence of clubfoot) were found in 1 STRC group foot. Conclusions. On the basis of our 20-year clinical experience we believe that pediatric AC can be successfully treated with PCATR in the age of less than 1 year old (y.o), with STRC between 1–5 y.o. and with STRIL in children over the age of 5 y.o

The outcome in 83 patients with congenital clubfoot was evaluated at a mean age of 64 years using three validated questionnaires assessing both quality of life (short-form (SF)-36 and EQ-5D) and foot and ankle function (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) Foot and Ankle questionnaire). In SF-36, male patients scored significantly better than male norms in seven of the eight domains, whereas female patients scored significantly worse than female norms in two of the eight. Male patients scored better than male norms in both the EQ-5D index (p = 0.027) and visual analogue scale (VAS) (p = 0.013), whereas female patients scored worse than female norms in the VAS (p < 0.001). Both male and female patients had a significantly worse outcome on the AAOS Core Scale than did norms. There was a significant correlation for both genders between the SF-36 Physical Component Summary Score and the AAOS Core Scale. The influence on activities of daily life was limited to foot and ankle problems in all patients, and in females there was an adverse effect in physical aspects of quality of life

We investigated 60 patients (89 feet) with a mean age of 64 years (61 to 67) treated for congenital clubfoot deformity, using standardised weight-bearing radiographs of both feet and ankles together with a functional evaluation. Talocalcaneal and talonavicular relationships were measured and the degree of osteo-arthritic change in the ankle and talonavicular joints was assessed. The functional results were evaluated using a modified Laaveg-Ponseti score. The talocalcaneal (TC) angles in the clubfeet were significantly lower in both anteroposterior (AP) and lateral projections than in the unaffected feet (p < 0.001 for both views). There was significant medial subluxation of the navicular in the clubfeet compared with the unaffected feet (p < 0.001). Severe osteoarthritis in the ankle joint was seen in seven feet (8%) and in the talonavicular joint in 11 feet (12%). The functional result was excellent or good (≥ 80 points) in 29 patients (48%), and fair or poor (< 80 points) in 31 patients (52%). Patients who had undergone few (0 to 1) surgical procedures had better functional outcomes than those who had undergone two or more procedures (p < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between the functional result and the degree of medial subluxation of the navicular (p < 0.001, r. 2 . = 0.164), the talocalcaneal angle on AP projection (p < 0.02, r2 = 0.025) and extent of osteoarthritis in the ankle joint (p < 0.001). We conclude that poor functional outcome in patients with congenital clubfoot occurs more frequently in those with medial displacement of the navicular, osteoarthritis of the talonavicular and ankle joints, and a low talocalcaneal angle on the AP projection, and in patients who have undergone two or more surgical procedures. However, the ankle joint in these patients appeared relatively resistant to the development of osteoarthritis

Clubfoot deformity is the most common congenital musculoskeletal disorder (1). Approximately one in one thousand people are born with at least one clubfoot; between 150,000 and 200,000 babies are born with a clubfoot each year (2). Eighty percent of these cases occur in developing countries, and the majority is left untreated. When infants are treated with a non-invasive casting technique pioneered by Ignacio Ponseti M.D., they generally can be “cured” with relative ease. In the United States, 97% of patients given this treatment can walk successfully and are able to live normal lives (3). The Ponseti Method requires several plaster casts but either no or minimal surgery, can be taught fairly easily not only to doctors but also to healthcare workers, nurses, and other people who have some knowledge and training in healthcare. Also, it requires plaster casting, making it an inexpensive treatment. Dr. Ignacio Ponseti first performed his non-invasive treatment in 1949, but didn't publish his results until 1963. Two more papers, published in 1979 and 1995 described the long-term outcomes of treatment. In 1996 Oxford Press published a book detailing his approach. Although the treatment has always had high success rates, a lack of publicity prevented it from becoming more widely used until the late 1990s. Its basic mechanism consists of a series of plaster casts and manipulations that gradually reshape the foot around a fixed talus to obtain correction. Generally, between five and seven casts are required. The casts extend from the toes to the upper thigh and hold the knees at a right angle. One of the most important aspects of this method is timing: infants can be given treatment starting at seven days old and ideally should begin treatment before reaching eight months of age. Brazil, Uganda, Malawi and Chile now have official national programs, which are sponsored by each country's Ministries of Health, in which clinics in each country treat clubfoot disorder using the Ponseti Method. China set up a national program in 2005, but with a population of 1.3 billion people, it will take several years to complete the training. The prevalence of the Ponseti Method varies in the sixty other countries with healthcare workers trained in the treatment. This talk will review the principles of treatment and focus on results of recurrence after initial treatment with the Ponseti Method

Aims

The Vantage Total Ankle System is a fourth-generation low-profile fixed-bearing implant that has been available since 2016. We aimed to describe our early experience with this implant.

Aims

Implant failure has become more common as the number of primary total ankle arthroplasties (TAAs) performed has increased. Although revision arthroplasty has gained attention for functional preservation, the long-term results remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the long-term outcomes of revision TAA using a mobile-bearing prosthesis in a considerably large cohort; the risk factors for failure were also determined.

Aims

This study reports updates the previously published two-year clinical, functional, and radiological results of a group of patients who underwent transfibular total ankle arthroplasty (TAA), with follow-up extended to a minimum of five years.

The aim of this study was to identify the incidence of post-operative symptomatic deep-vein thrombosis (DVT), as well as the risk factors for and location of DVT, in 665 patients (701 ankles) who underwent primary total ankle replacement. All patients received low-molecular-weight heparin prophylaxis. A total of 26 patients (3.9%, 26 ankles) had a symptomatic DVT, diagnosed by experienced radiologists using colour Doppler ultrasound. Most thrombi (22 patients, 84.6%) were localised distally in the operated limb. Using a logistic multiple regression model we identified obesity, a previous venous thromboembolic event and the absence of full post-operative weight-bearing as independent risk factors for developing a symptomatic DVT.

The incidence of symptomatic DVT after total ankle replacement and use of low-molecular-weight heparin is comparable with that in patients undergoing total knee or hip replacement.

We developed the Oxford ankle foot questionnaire to assess the disability associated with foot and ankle problems in children aged from five to 16 years. A survey of 158 children and their parents was carried out to determine the content, scaling, reliability and validity of the instrument. Scores from the questionnaire can be calculated to measure the effect of foot or ankle problems on three domains of children’s lives: physical, school and play, and emotional. Scores for each domain were shown to be internally consistent, stable, and to vary little whether reported by child or parent. Satisfactory face, content and construct validity were demonstrated. The questionnaire is appropriate for children with a range of conditions and can provide clinically useful information to supplement other assessment methods. We are currently carrying out further work to assess the responsiveness of questionnaire scores to change over time and with treatment.