The purpose of this study is to determine the re-operation rate following plate fixation of the olecranon with contoured anatomic plates. Plate fixation of the olecranon allows for management of different fracture patterns as well as osteotomies with anatomic reduction and stable fixation for early elbow mobilization. However, olecranon hardware prominence can be troublesome. Our hypothesis was with the newer generation of low profile contoured anatomic plates, the rate of hardware removal should be lower compared to previously described literature. Retrospective review for patients treated with operative fixation of the olecranon between 2010 and 2015 in the Edmonton zone was identified using population level administrative data. Radiographic screening of these patients was then carried out to identify those who received plate fixation. Fracture patterns were also characterized. Chart reviews followed to determine the indications for re-operation and other post-operative complications. Main outcome measures were re-operation rate and their indications, including hardware prominence. During the screening process, 600 surgically treated olecranon patients were identified and 321 patients were found to have plate fixation of the olecranon. Chart review determined 90 patients had re-operations demonstrating a 28% re-operation rate. Re-operation due to hardware prominence was found to be 15.6%. Other indications included hardware failure (5.3%), infection (2.8%), or contracture (2.8%). Compared to patients that did not require re-operation, the re-operation group had a higher incidence of Type III olecranon fractures (17.4% vs 8.4%, p = 0.036) and Monteggia pattern injuries (13.5% vs 4.9%, p = 0.008). Recent heteregenous data suggests the hardware removal rate related to implant prominence is between 17–54%. Compared to the literature, this study demonstrated a lower rate at 15.6% with contoured anatomic plating. Also, those with more complex fracture patterns were more likely to require re-operation

The choice of whether to perform antegrade intramedullary nailing (IMN) or plate fixation (PF) poses a conundrum for the surgeon who must strike the balance between anatomical restoration while reducing elbow and shoulder functional impairment. Most humeral middle third shaft fractures are amenable to conservative management given the considerable acceptable deformity and anatomical compensation by patients. This study is concerned with the patient reported outcomes regarding shoulder and elbow function for IMN and PF respectively. A prospective cohort study following up all the cases treated surgically for middle third humeral fractures from 2016 to 2022 at a single centre. Telephonically an analogue pain score, an American Shoulder and Elbow Society (ASES) score for shoulder function and the Oxford Elbow score (OES) for elbow function were obtained. One hundred and three patients met the inclusion criteria. Twenty four patients participated in the study, fifteen had IMN (62.5%) and nine had PF (37.5%.). The shoulder function outcomes showed no statistical difference with an average ASES score of sixty-six for the IMN group and sixty-nine for the PF group. Women and employed individuals expressed greater functional impairment. Hand dominance has no impact on the scores of elbow and shoulder function post operatively. The impairment of abduction score post antegrade nailing was higher in the antegrade nailing group than the plated group. The OES demonstrated greater variance in elbow function in the PF group with the IMN group expressing greater elbow disfunction. This study confirms that treatment of middle third humerus shaft fractures by plate fixation is marginally superior to antegrade intramedullary nailing in preserving elbow function and abduction ability

We report the results of anterior plate fixation for symptomatic, mid-shaft clavicle non-union. The superior surface is most commonly used for plate fixation. To the best of our knowledge, there are no clinical reports where anterior plate fixation of the clavicle was used. We included 12 consecutive patients, with symptomatic mid-shaft clavicular non-union, aged between 23 and 56 years during a four-year period (1998-2002). The injury was secondary to RTA in 6 cases, sports-related in 5 and skiing in one. In three patients, the non-union was secondary to superior plating using one third tubular plate, in acute fractures. The most common complaint was anterior shoulder pain (12 cases) followed by brachialgia (4 patients). The operation was performed through an anterior approach. A 3.5mm reconstruction plate was contoured and fixed onto the anterior surface of the clavicle. Bone graft was used in all cases. The average follow up was 22 months. All 12 patients achieved union at an average union time of seventeen weeks. Compared to superior plating, anterior plating has the distinct advantage that the longer screws can be used (as the clavicle is a flat bone, and the AP diameter is larger compared to superoinferior diameter) thus improving the stability of fixation. Our results show that anterior clavicle fixation is safe and effective in achieving union, even in cases following failed superior plate fixation. We therefore recommend anterior plate fixation and bone grafting in symptomatic nonunions of mid third clavicle fractures

Operative management of clavicle fractures is increasingly common. In the context of explaining the risks and benefits of surgery, understanding the impact of incisional numbness as it relates to the patient experience is key to shared decision making. This study aims to determine the prevalence, extent, and recovery of sensory changes associated with supraclavicular nerve injury after open reduction and plate internal fixation of middle or lateral clavicle shaft fractures. Eighty-six patients were identified retrospectively and completed a patient experience survey assessing sensory symptoms, perceived post-operative function, and satisfaction. Correlations between demographic factors and outcomes, as well as subgroup analyses were completed to identify factors impacting patient satisfaction. Ninety percent of patients experienced sensory changes post-operatively. Numbness was the most common symptom (64%) and complete resolution occurred in 32% of patients over an average of 19 months. Patients who experienced burning were less satisfied overall with the outcome of their surgery whereas those who were informed of the risk of sensory changes pre-operatively were more satisfied overall. Post-operative sensory disturbance is common. While most patients improve, some symptoms persist in the majority of patients without significant negative effects on satisfaction. Patients should always be advised of the risk of persistent sensory alterations around the surgical site to increase the likelihood of their satisfaction post-operatively

Purpose. Open reduction and plate fixation of displaced mid-shaft clavicle fractures has gained significant popularity following a recent multi-center randomized control trial. The purpose of this study is to describe the incidence of reoperation following plate fixation of displaced mid-shaft clavicle fractures. The secondary objective is to determine if plate design influences the incidence of reoperation. Method. A retrospective search of our hospital database was performed to identify subjects treated with plate fixation for a displaced clavicle fracture between 2001 and 2009. Radiographs and medical records were used to identify demographic data, fracture classification, plate design, and reoperation events. Only mid-shaft (AO/OTA 15-B) fractures treated with either a Low-Contact Dynamic Compression (LCDC) plate or Pre-contoured Locking (PCL) plate were included. Results. 144 subjects were included in the study. The mean age was 36 years (95% CI 33 38 years) and the mean duration of follow-up was 60 weeks (95% CI 46 74 weeks). 60% of included fractures were wedge pattern (15-B2), followed by 35% simple (15-B1) fractures, and 5% complex (15-B3) fracture patterns. Pre-contoured locking plates were used in 92 cases (64%) and LCDC plates were used in the remaining 52 subjects (36%). 21 subjects (15%) underwent reoperation: 17% of subjects treated with LCDC plates and 13% of subjects treated with PCL plates (p=0.62). Indications for reoperation included painful hardware (86%), hardware failure (9%), and refracture (5%). There was no association between reoperation and age (p = 0.23), gender (p = 0.56), fracture type (p = 0.53), or plate design (p = 0.49). Conclusion. This study represents a large series of displaced clavicle fractures treated with open reduction and plate fixation. Reoperation following plate fixation is relatively common and is primarily due to painful hardware. No difference in reoperation rates between LCDC and pre-contoured plates could be detected in the current sample size

Distal radius fractures (DRF) are the most common fracture type in all age groups combined. Unstable DRF may be surgically managed with volar or dorsal plate fixation. Dorsal plating has traditionally been associated with decreased range of motion (ROM). However, this assumption has not been recently assessed to determine whether functional ROM is achievable (approximately 54o of flexion and 60o of extension) with recent advances in lower profile dorsal plate design. The aim of this study was therefore to compare ROM and patient reported outcome measures between volar and dorsal plating methods for DRF. A meta-analysis was performed to directly compare ROM and DASH scores between dorsal and volar plate fixation for DRF. Separate literature searches for each plating method were performed using MedLine and EMBase on January 28, 2018. Exclusion criteria consisted of non-English articles, basic science articles, animal/cadaver studies, case studies/series, combined operative approaches, papers published more than 20 years ago and paediatric studies. Only articles with at least one year patient follow-up and a) ROM and AO distal radius fracture classification, or b) DASH scores were included. Raw data was extracted from all articles that met inclusion criteria to compile a comprehensive dataset for analysis. Descriptive statistics with z-score comparison for AO classification or a two-tailed independent samples t-test for ROM and DASH scores for dorsal versus volar plating were performed. Significance was defined as p < 0 .05. After rigorous screening, 6 dorsal plating and 43 volar plating articles met inclusion criteria for ROM/AO classification versus 6 dorsal plating and 44 volar plating articles for DASH scores. The weighted means of flexion (dorsal 54.9o, SD 9.3, n=257, volar 61.3o, SD 11.5, n=1906) and extension (dorsal 60.0o, SD 12, n=257, volar 62.8o, SD 11.4, n=1906) were statistically significantly different (both p < 0 .001) between the two plating methods. The volar plating group had a significantly higher proportion of AO type C fractures (dorsal 0.5, n =169, volar 0.6, n=1246, p < 0 .001). The weighted means of reported DASH scores were not significantly different between dorsal (14.01, SD 14.8) versus volar (13.6, SD 12.8) plating (p=0.54). Though mean wrist flexion and extension were statistically different between the dorsal versus volar plating methods, the difference between group means was less than 5o, which is unlikely to be clinically significant. Additionally, we did not find a significant difference in DASH scores between the two plating methods. Taken together, these findings imply that the statistical difference in ROM outcomes are likely not clinically significant and should therefore not dictate choice of plating method for fixation of DRF

Distal radius fractures (DRF) are the most common fracture type in all age groups combined. Unstable DRF may be surgically managed with volar or dorsal plate fixation. Dorsal plating has traditionally been associated with decreased range of motion (ROM). However, this assumption has not been recently assessed to determine whether functional ROM is achievable (approximately 54 degrees of flexion and 60 degrees of extension) with recent advances in lower profile dorsal plate design. The aim of this study was therefore to compare ROM and patient reported outcome measures between volar and dorsal plating methods for DRF. A meta-analysis was performed to directly compare ROM and Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) scores between dorsal and volar plate fixation for DRF. Separate literature searches for each plating method were performed using MedLine and EMBase on January 28, 2018. Exclusion criteria consisted of non-English articles, basic science articles, animal/cadaver studies, case studies/series, combined operative approaches, papers published more than 20 years ago and paediatric studies. Only articles with at least one year patient follow-up and a) ROM and AO-OTA distal radius fracture classification, or b) DASH scores were included. Raw data was extracted from all articles that met inclusion criteria to compile a comprehensive dataset for analysis. Descriptive statistics with z-score comparison for AO-OTA classification or a two-tailed independent samples t-tests for ROM and DASH scores for dorsal versus volar plating were performed. Significance was defined as p < 0 .05. After rigorous screening, six dorsal plating and 43 volar plating articles met inclusion criteria for ROM/AO-OTA classification versus six dorsal plating and 44 volar plating articles for DASH scores. The weighted means of flexion (dorsal 54.9 degrees, SD 9.3, n=257, volar 61.3 degrees, SD 11.5, n=1906) and extension (dorsal 60 degrees, SD 12, n=257, volar 62.8 degrees, SD 11.4, n=1906) were significantly different (both p < 0 .001) between the two plating methods. The volar plating group had a significantly higher proportion of type C fractures (dorsal 0.5, n =169, volar 0.6, n=1246, p < 0 .001). The weighted means of reported DASH scores were not significantly different between dorsal (14, SD 14.8) versus volar (13.6, SD 12.8) plating (p=0.54). Though mean wrist flexion and extension were statistically different between the dorsal versus volar plating methods, the difference between group means was less than 5-degrees, which is unlikely to be clinically significant. Additionally, there was no significant difference in DASH scores between the two plating methods. Taken together, these findings imply that the statistical difference in ROM outcomes are likely not clinically significant and should therefore not dictate choice of plating method for fixation of DRF

Purpose of Study. Debate exists in the literature about the surgical management of sub-axial cervical burst fractures regarding the approach and types of fixation of these injuries. Our Acute Spinal Injury (ASCI) unit prefers anterior only cervical corpectomy and plate fixation in the management of these injuries. The objective of this study was to radiologically assess the long term outcomes (minimum 2 yrs) of our series. Patients and Methods. Patients were identified using the Acute Spinal Injury Unit (ASCI) database that had had anterior only corpectomy and plate fixation for trauma as a standardised procedure between 2006 and 2009. Initial post-op radiological review included the sagittal alignment, hardware characteristics and surgical technique. Radiological review after a minimum of 24 months involved the union, sagittal alignment, hardware characteristics, graft incorporation and adjacent level degeneration at the site of injury. Results. A total of 51 patients were identified but only 11 were available for review at the minimum 24 months. There were 10 males and 1 female with an average age of 28.1years (18–62). The follow up duration was on average 50.6months (27–71) median 60 months. The levels fused were C3-5 (2), C4-6 (5), C5-7 (3), and C4-7 (1 double level). There was NO metalwork failure, NO screw osteolysis and a varying degree of degenerative changes but a 100% FUSION RATE. The average loss of cervical lordosis was 2.5 ° over the follow up period. Conclusion. Anterior stand alone cervical corpectomy and plating alone appears to be a safe, cost effective and time saving alternative in the management of cervical burst fractures in the sub axial spine with no significant long term complications. NO DISCLOSURES

The ITS volar radial plate (Implant Technology Systems, Graz/Austria) is a fixation device that allows for the distal locking screws to be fixed at variable angles (70°-110°). This occurs by the different material properties, with the screws (titanium alloy) cutting a thread through the plate holes (titanium). We present our experience with the ITS plate. We retrospectively studied 26 patients who underwent ITS plate fixation for unstable multifragmentary distal radial fractures (AO types A3, B2, B3, C2, C3). The surgery was performed either by a consultant orthopaedic hand surgeon or senior registrar. A volar approach was used every time and 10 cases required synthetic bone grafting. Post-operatively they were immobilised for an average of 2.5 weeks. The 26 patients had a mean age of 58 and the dominant side was affected in 46% of cases. 5 cases were open fractures and 10 cases followed failed manipulation under general anaesthesia. The average interval between injury and surgery was 7 days. Union was achieved in all cases. No implant infections, failure or tendon rupture/irritation occurred. There were two fractures which loss reduction, of which one required revision surgery. There was one case of CRPS. The six month average DASH score was 27.5. We consider the ITS plate a technically easy plate to use and a reliable implant at early follow-up. We value the versatility of its variable angle screw fixation ability for complex intra-articular distal radial fractures

Introduction

The condition of the soft tissues surrounding an ankle fracture influences timing and treatment of injuries. Conventional treatment used an open approach to facilitate anatomical reduction and rigid internal fixation. Intramedullary devices for fibular fractures provide a safe alternative in patients in which the condition of the soft tissue envelope or the patient's co-morbidities may benefit from a less invasive approach. We compared outcomes for patients treated with open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) with those undergoing treatment with fibular nails (FN)

The aim of this study is to compare functional, clinical and radiological outcomes in K-wire fixation versus volar fixed-angle plate fixation in unstable, dorsally angulated distal radius fractures. Fifty-four adult patients with an isolated closed, unilateral, unstable, distal radius fracture were recruited to participate in the study. Only dorsally displaced fractures with no articular comminution were included. Patients were randomised to have their fracture treated with either closed reduction and K-wire fixation (3 wires) or fixed-angle volar plating. Both groups were immobilised in a below elbow cast for six weeks. The wires removed in the outpatients at six weeks and both groups were referred for physiotherapy. Independent clinical review was performed at three and six months post injury. Functional scoring was performed using the DASH and Gartland and Werley scoring systems. Radiographs were evaluated by an independent orthopaedic surgeon. Twenty-five patients were treated with a plate and twenty-nine with wires. There were no complications in the plate group. There were 9 complications in the K-wire group with 3 patients requiring a second operation (1 corrective osteotomy for malunion, 1 median nerve decompression and 1 retrieval of a migrated wire). The remaining complications included: 5 pin site infections (3 treated with early pin removal and 2 with oral antibiotics only), and 1 superficial radial nerve palsy. There were no tendon ruptures. Both groups scored satisfactory functional results with no statistical difference. There was a statistically significant difference in the radiological outcomes with the plate group achieving better results. We conclude that in unstable dorsally angulated distal radius fractures volar fixed-angle plate fixation is able to achieve comparable functional results to K-wire fixation with better radiological results and fewer complications. This has resulted in a change in our clinical practice

Biological reconstruction techniques after diaphyseal tumour resection have increased in popularity in recent years. High complication and failure rates have been reported with intercalary allografts, with recent studies questioning their role in limb-salvage surgery. We developed a technique in which large segment allografts are augmented with intramedullary cement and fixed using compression plating. The goal of this study was to evaluate the survivorship, complications and functional outcomes of these intercalary reconstructions. Forty-two patients who had reconstruction with an intercalary allograft following tumour resection between 1989 and 2010 were identified from our prospectively collected database. Allograft survival, local recurrence-free, disease-free and overall survival were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Patient function was assessed using the Musculoskeletal Tumour Society (MSTS) scoring system and the Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS). The 23 women and 19 men had a mean age of 33 years (14–77). The most common diagnoses were osteosarcoma (n=16) and chondrosarcoma (n=9). There were 9 humerus, 18 femur and 15 tibia reconstructions. At a mean follow-up of 95 months (5–288), 31 patients were alive without disease, 10 were dead of disease and 1 was deceased of other causes. There were 4 local recurrences and 11 patients developed metastatic disease. 5-year local recurrence free survival was 92%, 5-year disease-free survival was 70% and overall survival was 75%. Fourteen of 42 patients (33%) experienced complications: 5 wound healing complications, 4 infections, 2 non-unions, 2 fractures and 1 nerve palsy. Four allografts (9.5%) were revised for complications and 2 (5%) for local recurrence. Mean allograft survival was 85 months (4–288). Mean time to union was 8.2 (3–36) months for the proximal osteotomy site and 8.1 (3–23) months for the distal osteotomy site. The mean score for MSTS 87 was 29.4 (+/− 4.4), MSTS 93 was 83.7 (+/−14.8) and TESS was 81.6 (+/−16.9). An intercalary allograft augmented with intramedullary cement and compression plate fixation provides a reliable and durable method of reconstruction after tumour resection. Complication rates are comparable to the literature and are associated with high levels of patient function and satisfaction

Aims. The aim of this study was to compare biomechanical properties of pre-contoured plate fixation using different screw fixation modes in a mid-shaft clavicle fracture model. Methods. Fourth generation biomechanical clavicle sawbones with a mid-shaft osteotomy were plated in one of three modes: nonlocking bicortical, locking bicortical and locking unicortical mode. The specimens were then tested to failure in four-point bending and pull-off tests. Results. Failure due to fracture through the sawbone was more common in nonlocking bicortical mode while plate bending was more common in the locking bicortical group. The ultimate load at failure was significantly lower in the locking bicortical group compared to the nonlocking bicortical group, however there was no significant difference between the locking unicortical group and nonlocking bicortical group. In the pull-off tests 100% of nonlocking bicortical and locking bicortical plates failed by fracture of the sawbone. 100% of the locking unicortical plates failed by plate and screw pull-off from the sawbone. The load at failure was highest for the locking unicortical plate but this was not significantly different to the other groups. Conclusion. This study shows that specimens fixed with locking unicortical screw fixation withstood comparable or superior loads in four-point bending and pull-off test when compared to nonlocking bicortical and locking bicortical screw fixation. In addition both locking screws and unicortical screws appear to provide a protective effect against periprosthetic sawbone fracture. Locking unicortical screw fixation of pre-contoured plates may be a viable alternative in the fixation of mid-shaft clavicle fractures

There is controversy regarding the optimum method of stabilising traumatic anterior pelvic ring injuries. This study aimed to evaluate the role of pubic symphysis plating. Methods. All patients who underwent pubic symphysis plating in a regional pelvic and acetabular unit were studied. Fracture classification, type of fixation, complications, and incidence of metalwork failure were recorded. Results. Out of 178 consecutive patients, 159 (89%) were studied for a mean of 37.6 months. There were 121 males and 38 females (mean age 43 years). Symphysis pubic fixation was performed in 100 AO-OTA type B and 59 type C injuries using a Matta symphyseal plate (n=92), reconstruction plate (n=65), or DCP (n=2). Supplementary posterior pelvic fixation was performed in 102 patients. 5 patients required revision for failure of fixation or symptomatic instability of the pubic symphysis. A further 7 patients had metalwork removed for other reasons. Metalwork breakage occurred in 63 patients (40%). 62 of these 63 patients were asymptomatic and metalwork was left in situ. Conclusions. Plate fixation of the symphysis pubis is an effective method of stabilising anterior pelvic ring injuries with a low complication rate. There is a high rate of late metalwork breakage, but this is not clinically significant

Introduction. To compare the union rates and post-operative mobility of antegrade intramedullary nailing of osteoporotic traumatic supracondylar femoral fractures (AO classification A to C2) with those of plating. Materials/Methods. We studied any traumatic intra or extra-articular supracondylar femoral fracture from 2005–2010. Patients were either admitted directly to our level 1 trauma centre or were referred from another hospital. Nineteen patients were identified, consisting of primarily fixation with five antegrade nails and fourteen plates. We defined osteoporotic bone as being present in anyone over sixty years old or who had a clinical diagnosis. One nail and six plates were excluded due to young age or fracture severity. This left four nails, six less invasive stabilisation system plates and two dynamic condylar screw plates. Both groups were comparable with respect to age, sex and AO fracture classification. Results. There was a significant difference in achieving union between the two groups (p=0.040). Union occurred within three months in all four fractures in the nail group but only three fractures (38%) united after primary fixation in the plate group. There were two failures due to screw pullout, one failure due to screw breakage, one broken plate after delayed-union and one screw breakage after non-union. The patients in the nail group had better mobility and less pain than the plate group but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion. We have shown that for patients with osteoporotic, supracondylar femoral fractures, fixation with an antegrade IM nail provides significantly better healing compared to plate fixation

Backgrounds

The rigid fixation of glenoid base plate is essential for the prevention of dissociation of the construct in the reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. For the rigid fixation, ideal placement of fixation screw is crucial but it is difficult to determine the best direction and length of screws. The purpose of this study was to determine configuration of optimal screw in cadaveric scapulae and compare with that in patient who underwent reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.

High tibial osteotomy generally helps patients to postpone the TKA or even stay in peace for rest of their life, but sometimes these procedures enhance the process of osteoarthritis (1) several reasons like unhealthy lateral compartment of the knee or age or weight or concomitant debilitating diseases could be included in account.

In this study we focused on those patients that were selected properly with correct procedure but still shows the knee OA enhancement.

Hypothesis: probably bone bruise around the site of osteotomy as trauma of surgery can make a bad condition.

As a RCT study between 2 groups with different technique of osteotomy especially the distance of osteotomy site from the joint line of proximal tibia was our main reason to choose the different procedures.

We did a randomized clinical trial with not more than a year follow up and mostly emphasis in geometry of bone bruise around osteotomy site.

Group A: 50 knees, open wedge and plate technique.

Group B: reversed-v MIS the same 50 other knees (FM)

Method: All patient asked for MRI before and in 1st 10 days post surgery from their target knees.

Those with positive bone bruise sign before surgery were excluded. In post op MRIs we measured the geometry of bone bruise.

1- Our finding shows upward-downward length of bone bruise in MIS (F.M) reversed-v = 14–40 mm and in open wedge = 14–37 mm

Depth (Medial-lateral) and AP diameter almost the same.

2- To omit the bias of bone bruise around the open wedge technique we ignored this part.

Result and conclusion:

Group A: had 14 – 40 mm bone bruise that in 61% reached to sub chondral bone (distance of osteotomy's site from sub chondral bone).

Area was (17−4mm).

Group B: because of the distance of osteotomy site from joint line were 60–70 mm. in no one bone bruise was closer than 26mm to sub chondral bone.

So, our Iatrogenic bone bruise from joint line in reversed - v is in safer zone than open wedge and plating with p. value of 0.0001.

In future we need to follow our patients to be sure if bone bruise makes any hazard for the knees.

The purpose of this study is to describe the use of the PHILOS plate (Synthes) in reverse configuration to treat complex distal humeral non-unions.

Non-union is a frequent complication of distal humeral fracture. It is a challenging problem due to the complex anatomy of the distal humerus, small distal fragment heavily loaded by the forearm acting as a long lever arm with powerful forces increasing the chances of displacement. Rigid fixation and stability with a device of high “pull-out” strength is required. The PHILOS plate has been used in reverse configuration to achieve good fixation while allowing central posterior placement of the implant.

11 patients with established non-union of distal humeral fractures were included in this study. No patient in whom this implant was used has been excluded. Initial fixation was revised using the PHILOS plate in reverse configuration and good fixation was achieved. Bone graft substitutes were used in all cases. Patients were followed to bony union, and functional recovery.

All fractures united. One required revision of plate due to fatigue failure. Average time to union was 8 months with excellent restoration of elbow function.

A reversed PHILOS plate provides an excellent method of fixation in distal humeral non-union, often complicated by distorted anatomy and previous surgical intervention. It has a high “pull-out” strength and may be placed in the centre of the posterior humerus, allowing proximal extension of the fixation as far as is required. It provides secure distal fixation without impinging on the olecranon fossa. It is more versatile and easier to use than available pre contoured plating systems.

Volar Locking Plates (VLP) have revolutionised the treatment of distal radius fractures allowing the anatomic reduction and stable fixation of the more comminuted and unstable of fractures. The benefits of this in terms of range of movement (ROM), pain and earlier return to work and daily activities is documented. However we were interested in was what improvements in wrist function patients made from 6 to 12 months after injury?

Background

Both-bone diaphyseal forearm fractures constitute up to 5.4% of all fractures in children under 16 years of age in the United Kingdom. Most can be managed with closed reduction and cast immobilisation. Surgical fixation options include flexible intramedullary nailing and plating. However, the optimal method is controversial.