Aims

The paediatric trigger thumb is a distinct clinical entity with unique anatomical abnormalities. The aim of this study was to present the long-term outcomes of A1 pulley release in idiopathic paediatric trigger thumbs based on established patient-reported outcome measures.

This study compared the pullout forces of the initial implantation and the “cement-in-cement” revision technique for short and standard-length (125 mm vs. 150 mm) Exeter. ®. V40 femoral stems used in total hip arthroplasty (THA). The idea that the pullout force for a double taper slip stem is relative to the force applied to the femur and that “cement-in-cement” revision provides the same reproduction of force. A total sample size of 15 femoral stems were tested (Short, n = 6 and Standard, n = 9). 3D printed fixtures for repeatable sample preparation were used to minimize variance during testing. To promote stem subsidence and to simulate an in vivo environment, the samples were placed in an incubator at 37°C at 100% humidity and experienced a constant compressive loading of 1335 N for 14 days. The samples underwent a displacement-controlled pullout test. After the initial pullout test, “cement-in-cement” revision will be performed and tested similar to the initial implantation to observe the efficacy of the revision technique. To compare the pullout forces between the two groups, a Kruskal-Wallis test using a significance level of 0.05 was conducted. The mean maximum pullout force for the short and standard-length femoral stems were 3939 ± 1178 N and 5078 ± 1168 N, respectively. The Kruskal-Wallis test determined no statistically significant difference between the two groups for the initial implantation (p = 0.13). The “cement-in-cement” revision pullout force will be conducted in future testing. This study demonstrated the potential use of short stem designs for THA as it provides similar levels of fixation as the standard-length femoral stem. The potential benefits for using a short stem design would be providing similar load transfer to the proximal femur, preserving proximal metaphyseal femoral bone in primary replacement, and reducing the invasiveness during revision

For all the research into arthroplasty, provision of total knee arthroplasty (TKR) services based on gender in the Australian context is yet to be explored. International literature points toward a heavily gender biased provision of TKA services, skewed away from female patients. This research has aimed to assess the current experience of Australian female patients and to explore better assessment techniques that could provide more equitable services. A retrospective cohort analysis has been conducted using pre-op PROMs data, where available, from the Australian National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR), between 7 August 2018 and 31 December 2021, including: EQ VAS Health; Oxford Knee Score; joint pain; and KOOS-12. Data was adjusted for age, ASA score, BMI, primary diagnosis, public vs private hospital, surgeon gender and years of practice (as estimated from years of registry data available). Of 1,001,231 procedures performed, 27,431 were able to be analysed (12,300 male and 15,131 female). Gender-based bias against female patients reached statistical significance across all PROM scores, according to the Kruskal-Wallis test of difference (p-value <0.0001). Males were more likely to undergo TKR than females, with odds ratios remaining statistically significant when adjusted for age, ASA score, BMI, primary diagnosis, and hospital type. Numbers were further analysed for surgeon years of recorded practice and surgeon gender with mixed results. This study found that women were less likely to undergo TKR despite worse scores on every pre-op PROM available, thus we demonstrate a statistically significant gender-based bias against female patients. More effort needs to be made to identify the base of this bias and find new ways to assess patients that can provide more equitable provision of healthcare

Aims. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the sagittal alignment of the femoral component in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and new Knee Society Score (2011KSS), under the hypothesis that outliers such as the excessive extended or flexed femoral component were related to worse clinical outcomes. Methods. A group of 156 knees (134 F:22 M) in 133 patients with a mean age 75.8 years (SD 6.4) who underwent TKA with the cruciate-substituting Bi-Surface Knee prosthesis were retrospectively enrolled. On lateral radiographs, γ angle (the angle between the distal femoral axis and the line perpendicular to the distal rear surface of the femoral component) was measured, and the patients were divided into four groups according to the γ angle. The 2011KSSs among groups were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. A secondary regression analysis was used to investigate the association between the 2011KSS and γ angle. Results. According to the mean and SD of γ angle (γ, 4.0 SD 3.0°), four groups (Extended or minor flexed group, −0.5° ≤ γ < 2.5° (n = 54)), Mild flexed group (2.5° ≤ γ < 5.5° (n = 63)), Moderate flexed group (5.5° ≤ γ < 8.5° (n = 26)), and Excessive flexed group (8.5° ≤ γ (n = 13)) were defined. The Excessive flexed group showed worse 2011KSSs in all subdomains (Symptoms, Satisfaction, Expectations, and Functional activities) than the Mild flexed group. Secondary regression showed a convex upward function, and the scores were highest at γ = 3.0°, 4.0°, and 3.0° in Satisfaction, Expectations, and Functional activities, respectively. Conclusion. The groups with a sagittal alignment of the femoral component > 8.5° showed inferior clinical outcomes in 2011KSSs. Secondary regression analyses showed that mild flexion of the femoral component was associated with the highest score. When implanting the Bi-Surface Knee prosthesis surgeons should pay careful attention to avoiding flexing the femoral component extensively during TKA. Our findings may be applicable to other implant designs. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(6 Supple A):36–42

Aims. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine if there are differences in short-term clinical outcomes among four different types of matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation (MACT). Methods. A total of 88 patients (mean age 34 years (SD 10.03), mean BMI 25 kg/m. 2. (SD 3.51)) with full-thickness chondral lesions of the tibiofemoral joint who underwent MACT were included in this study. Clinical examinations were performed preoperatively and 24 months after transplantation. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Form, the Brittberg score, the Tegner Activity Scale, and the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain. The Kruskal-Wallis test by ranks was used to compare the clinical scores of the different transplant types. Results. The mean defect size of the tibiofemoral joint compartment was 4.28 cm. 2. (SD 1.70). In total, 11 patients (12.6%) underwent transplantation with Chondro-Gide (matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI)), 40 patients (46.0%) with Hyalograft C (HYAFF), 21 patients (24.1%) with Cartilage Regeneration System (CaReS), and 15 patients (17.2%) with NOVOCART 3D. The mean IKDC Subjective Knee Form score improved from 35.71 (SD 6.44) preoperatively to 75.26 (SD 18.36) after 24 months postoperatively in the Hyalograft group, from 35.94 (SD 10.29) to 71.57 (SD 16.31) in the Chondro-Gide (MACI) group, from 37.06 (SD 5.42) to 71.49 (SD 6.76) in the NOVOCART 3D group, and from 45.05 (SD 15.83) to 70.33 (SD 19.65) in the CaReS group. Similar improvements were observed in the VAS and Brittberg scores. Conclusion. Two years postoperatively, there were no significant differences in terms of outcomes. Our data demonstrated that MACT, regardless of the implants used, resulted in good clinical improvement two years after transplantation for localized tibiofemoral defects. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(7):370–379

Aims. The adequate provision of personal protective equipment (PPE) for healthcare workers has come under considerable scrutiny during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to evaluate staff awareness of PPE guidance, perceptions of PPE measures, and concerns regarding PPE use while caring for COVID-19 patients. In addition, responses of doctors, nurses, and other healthcare professionals (OHCPs) were compared. Methods. The inclusion criteria were all staff working in clinical areas of the hospital. Staff were invited to take part using a link to an online questionnaire advertised by email, posters displayed in clinical areas, and social media. Questions grouped into the three key themes - staff awareness, perceptions, and concerns - were answered using a five-point Likert scale. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare results across all three groups of staff. Results. Overall, 315 staff took part in our study. There was a high awareness of PPE guidance at 84.4%, but only 52.4% of staff reported adequate PPE provision. 67.9% were still keen to come to work, despite very high levels of anxiety relating to contracting COVID-19 despite wearing PPE. Doctors had significantly higher ratings for questions relating to PPE awareness compared to other staff groups, while nursing staff and OHCPs had significantly higher levels of anxiety compared to doctors in relation to PPE and contracting COVID-19 (p < 0.05 using a Kruskal-Wallis test). Conclusion. We believe four recommendations are key to improve PPE measures and decrease anxiety: 1) nominated ward/department PPE champions; 2) anonymized reporting for PPE concerns; 3) formal PPE education sessions; and 4) drop-in counselling sessions for staff. We hope the insight and recommendations from this study can improve the PPE situation and maintain the health and wellbeing of the clinical work force, in order to care for COVID-19 patients safely and effectively

Abstract. OBJECTIVES. To determine if force measured using a strain gauge in circular external fixation frames is different for 1) different simulated stages of bone healing, and for 2) fractures clinically deemed either united or un-united. METHODS. In a laboratory study, 3 similar Ilizarov frame constructs were assembled using a Perspex bone analogue. Constructs were tested in 10 different clinical situations simulating different stages of bone healing including with the bone analogue intact, with 1,3 and 50mm gaps, and with 6 materials of varying stiffness's within the 50mm gap. A Bluetooth strain gauge was inserted across the simulated fracture focus, replacing one of the 4 threaded rods used to construct the frame. Constructs were loaded to 700N using an Instron testing machine and maximum force during loading was measured by the strain gauge. Testing was repeated with the strain gauge replacing each of the 4 threaded rods in turn, with measurements being repeated 3 times, across all 3 frame constructs for all 10 simulated clinical situations (n=360). Force measurements between the situations were compared using a Kruskal-Wallis test (KW) and a post-hoc Steel test was used for multiple comparison against control (intact bone model). Additionally, a pilot study has been initiated to assess clinical efficacy of the strain gauge measurement in patients with circular frames. The strain gauge replaced the anterior rod across the fracture focus for each patient. Patients were asked to step on a weighing scale with their affected limb, and maximum weight transfer through the limb and maximal force measured in the frame were recorded. This was repeated 3 times and a mean ratio of force to weight through affected limb was calculated for each patient. The clinical situation at each measurement was designated as united or un-united by one of the senior authors for analysis. Force measurements between the situations were compared using a Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS. In the laboratory study, including all constructs with the strain gauge in all positions, a statistically significant relationship between model stability and force measured was identified (KW test for overall relationship p<0.0001). The largest force was measured in the model with a 50mm gap (median 170N, IQR 155–192, range 83–213) and the smallest in the intact bone model (median 3N, IQR 1–8, range 0–11). Multiple comparison testing found a significant difference between intact bone and all the unstable situations (p=0.002 or better). Examining initial results from our pilot clinical study, nine measurements were available in seven patients. Three of these were taken in patients with fractures yet to unite, six in patients where union has since been confirmed clinically. The median force measured was significantly greater where the fracture was not united (median 1.66 N/kg, range 1.07–1.99 vs 0.12 N/kg, range 0.05–0.73, p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS. This laboratory study demonstrates that force measurement may be different at different stages of healing, and although only limited data was available, a pilot clinical study showed a significant relationship between the force measured and clinical union of the patient's fracture. Declaration of Interest. (b) declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported:I declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research project

A growing number of recent investigations on the human genome, gut microbiome, and proteomics suggests that the loss of mucosal barrier function, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract, may substantially affect antigen trafficking, ultimately influencing the close bidirectional interaction between the gut microbiome and the immune system. This cross-talk is highly influential in shaping the host immune system and ultimately clinical infections. The hypothesis of the current study was that a change in microbiome and/or breach in GI epithelial barrier could be partially responsible for development of periprosthetic joint infections (PJI). Multiple biomarkers of gut barrier disruption were tested in parallel in plasma samples collected as part of a prospective cohort study of patients undergoing revision arthroplasty for aseptic failures or PJI (As defined by the 2018 ICM criteria). All blood samples were collected before any antibiotic was administered. Samples were tested for Zonulin, soluble CD14 (sCD14), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Statistical analysis consisted of descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney t-test, and Kruskal-Wallis test. A total of 134 patients were consented and included in the study. 44 were classified as PJI (30 chronic and 14 acute), and 90 as aseptic failures (26 primaries and 64 aseptic revisions). Both Zonulin and sCD14, but not LPS, were found to be significantly increased in the PJI group compared to non-infected cases (p<0.001; p=0.003). Higher levels of Zonulin were found in acute infections compared to chronic PJI (p=0.005. This prospective ongoing study reveals a possible link between gut permeability and the ‘gut-immune-joint axis’ in PJI. If this association continues to be born out with larger cohort recruitment and more in-depth analysis, it would have an immense implication in managing patients with PJI. In addition to administering antimicrobials, patients with PJI and other orthopedic infections may require gastrointestinal modulators such as pro and prebiotics

Aim. This study aims to define the normal postoperative presepsin kinetics in patients undergoing primary cementless total hip replacement (THR). Methods. Patients undergoing primary cementless THR at our Institute were recruited. At enrollment anthropometric data, smocking status, osteoarthritis stage according to Kellgren and. Lawrence, Harris Hip Score (HHS), drugs assumption and comorbidities were recorded. All the patients underwent serial blood tests, including complete blood count, presepsin (PS) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) 24 hours before arthroplasty and at 24-, 48-, 72- and 96-hours postoperatively and at 3-, 6- and 12-months follow-up. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS v25.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). The Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests followed by the Dunn multiple comparison post hoc tests were carried out. Correlations between PS, CRP and TOT were assessed using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. P values below 0.05 were considered significant. Results and conclusion. A total of 96 patients were recruited (51 female; 45 male; mean age= 65.74±5.58) were recruited. The mean PS values were: 137.54 pg/ml at baseline, 192.08 pg/ml at 24-hours post-op; 254.85 pg/ml at 48-hours post-op; 259 pg/ml at 72-hours post-op; 248.6 pg/ml at 96-hour post-op; 140.52 pg/ml at 3-months follow-up; 135.55 pg/ml at 6-months follow-up and 130.11 pg/ml at 12-months follow-up. In two patients (2.08%) a soft-tissue infection was observed; in these patients higher levels (>350pg/mL) were recorded at 3-months follow-up. The lack of a presepsin decrease at 96 hours post-operatively should be a predictive factor of infection

Abstract. Objectives. Oil-based fluids can be used to enhance the properties of polyethylene materials. For example, vitamin E infused polyethylene has a superior oxidation resistance and Lipiodol infused polyethylene has an enhanced X-ray attenuation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term influence of oily fluid on the chemical, physical and tensile properties of polyethylene. Methods. An accelerated ageing procedure (an elevated temperature (80. °. C) for four weeks in air. 1. ) was used to investigate the oxidative stability (ASTM F2012-17). 2. , tensile (ISO 527). 3. and thermal properties. 4. of oil treated polyethylene (n=5, GUR 1050, Celanese, Germany)and compared with clinically used polyethylene controls (oil-free standard and thermally treated polyethylene). All the experiments were performed on aged and unaged specimens in accordance to international standards and compared to currently available literature. A Kruskal-Wallis test was performed using a custom MATLAB code (R2017a, USA); with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results. Samples treated with an oil (Vitamin E or Lipiodol) had a higher oxidation stability than currently used medical grade polyethylene, indicated by a smaller increase in oxidation index after ageing (Vitamin E 36%, Lipiodol 40%, untreated 136 %, thermally treated 164%). The mechanical degradation of oil treated polyethylene was also less significant than the untreated controls, as all the tensile properties of oil treated polyethylene after ageing were significantly higher than the standard controls (p>0.05). There was also no alteration in the percentage crystallinity of oil treated samples after ageing. Conclusion. The result of this study indicate that the presence of an oily fluid in polyethylene does not reduce its oxidative stability or tensile properties, providing improved material properties for long term implant applications. Declaration of Interest. (b) declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported:I declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research project

Introduction and Objective. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with tendon autografts is the “gold standard” technique for surgical treatment of ACL injuries. Common tendon graft choices include patellar tendon (PT), semitendinosus/gracilis “hamstring” tendon (HT), or quadriceps tendon (QT). Healing of the graft after ACLR may be affected by graft type since the tissue is subjected to mechanical stresses during post-operative rehabilitation that play important roles in graft integration, remodeling and maturation. Abnormal mechanical loading can result in high inflammatory and degradative processes and altered extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and remodeling, potentially modifying tissue structure, composition, and function. Because of the importance of load and ligamentization for tendon autografts, this study was designed to compare the differential inflammatory and degradative metabolic responses to loading by three tendon types commonly used for autograft ACL reconstruction. Materials and Methods. With IRB approval (IRB # 2009879) and informed patient consent, portions of 9 QT, 7 PT and 6 HT were recovered at the time of standard of care ACLR surgeries. Tissues were minced and digested in 0.2 mg/ml collagenase solution for two hours and were then cultured in 10% FBS at 5% CO. 2. , 37°C, and 95% humidity. Once confluent, cells were plated in Collagen Type I-coated BioFlex® plates (1 × 10. 5. cells/well) and cultured for 2 days prior to the application of strain. Then, media was changed to supplemented DMEM with 2% FBS for the application of strain. Fibroblasts were subjected to continuous mechanical stimulation (2-s strain and 10-s relaxation at a 0.5 Hz frequency) at three different elongation strains (mechanical stress deprivation-0%, physiologic strain-4%, and supraphysiological strain-10%). 9. for 6 days using the Flexcell FX-4000T strain system. Media was tested for inflammatory biomarkers (PGE2, IL-8, Gro-α, and MCP-1) and degradation biomarkers (GAG content, MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2). Significant (p<0.05) difference between graft sources were assessed with Kruskal-Wallis test and post-hoc analysis. Results are reported as median± interquartile range (IQR). Results. Differences in Inflammation-Related Biomarker Production (Figure 1): The production of PGE2 was significantly lower by HT fibroblasts compared to both QT and PT fibroblasts at all timepoints and strain levels. The production of Gro-α was significantly lower by HT fibroblasts compared to QT at all time points and strain levels, and significantly lower than PT on day 3 at 0% strain, and all strain levels on day 6. The production of IL-8 by PT fibroblasts was significantly lower than QT and HT fibroblast on day 3 at 10% strain. Differences in Degradation-Related Biomarker Production (Figure 2): The production of GAG by HT fibroblasts was significantly higher compared to both QT and PT fibroblasts on day 6 at 0% strain. The production of MMP-1 by the QT fibroblasts was significantly higher compared to HT fibroblasts on day 3 of culture at all strain levels, and in the 0% and 10% strain levels on day 6 of culture. The production of MMP-1 by the QT fibroblasts was significantly higher compared to PT fibroblasts at in the 0% and 4% strain groups on day 3 of culture. The production of TIMP-1 by the HT fibroblasts was significantly lower compared to PT fibroblasts on day 3 of culture. Conclusions. The results of this study identify potentially clinically relevant difference in the metabolic responses of tendon graft fibroblasts to strain, suggesting a lower inflammatory response by hamstring tendon fibroblasts and higher degradative response by quadriceps tendon fibroblasts. These responses may influence ACL autograft healing as well as inflammatory mediators of pain in the knee after reconstruction, which may have implications regarding graft choice and design of postoperative rehabilitation protocols for optimizing outcomes for patients undergoing ACL reconstruction. For any figures or tables, please contact the authors directly

Introduction and Objective. In multiple trauma patients, as well as in the healing of isolated fractures (Fx) with heavy bleeding (trauma haemorrhage, TH), complications occur very often. This is particularly evident in elderly patients over 65 years of age. Since these accompanying circumstances strongly influence the clinical course of treatment, the influence of age on bone regeneration after femoral fracture and severe blood loss was investigated in this study. Materials and Methods. 12 young (17–26 weeks) and 12 old (64–72 weeks) male C57BL / 6J mice per group were examined. The fracture group Fx underwent an osteotomy after applying an external fixator. The THFx group also received blood pressure-controlled trauma hemorrhage (35 mmHg for 90 minutes) and reperfusion with Ringer's solution for 30 minutes. The Sham group received only the catheter and one external fixator. μCT scans of the femora were performed in vivo after 2 weeks and ex vivo after 3 weeks. Histological and biomechanical examinations were also carried out. The statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. The non-normally distributed data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney-U or Kruskal-Wallis test. Results. The histology showed less mineralized bone in the fracture gap in old animals of the Fx (25.41% [1.68%]) and THFx groups (25.50% [4.07%]) compared with the young ones (34.20% [6.36%], p = 0.003; 34.31% [5.12%], p=0.009). Moreover, a severe blood loss lead to more cartilage in both young (6.91% [5.08%]) and old animals (4.17% [1.42%]) compared to animals with only a fracture (2, 45% [1.04%], p=0.004; 2.95% [1.12%], p=0.032). In old animals (11.37 / nm. 2. [17.17 / nm. 2. ]) in contrast the young mice with an isolated fracture (33.6/nm. 2. [8.83/nm. 2. ]) fewer osteoclasts were present (p=0.009). Therefore, the severe blood loss further reduced the number of osteoclasts only in young animals (16.83/nm. 2. [6.07/nm. 2. ]) (p=0.004). In the in vivo μCT, after 2 weeks, a lower volume of bone, cortex and callus was found in old THFx animals (3.14 mm. 3. [0.64 mm. 3. ]); 1.01 mm. 3. [0.04 mm. 3. ]; 2.07 mm. 3. [0.57 mm. 3. ]) compared with the Fx animals (4.29 mm. 3. [0.74 mm. 3. ], p=0.008; 1.18 mm. 3. [0, 25 mm. 3. ], p=0.004; 3.02 mm. 3. [0.77 mm. 3. ], p=0.008) After 3 weeks, the ex vivo μCT scans also showed a reduced callus percentage in old THFx animals (61.18% [13.9 9%]), as well as a low number of trabeculae (1.81 mm. -1. [0.23 mm. -1. ]) compared to animals without blood loss (68.72% [15.71%], p = 0.030; 2.06mm. -1. [0.37mm. -1. ], p=0.041). In the biomechanical test, a reduced elasticity limit of the old THFx mice (7.75 N [3.33 N]) in contrast to the old Fx (10.24 N [3.32 N]) animals was shown (p=0.022). Conclusions. A severe blood loss has a higher negative effect on the healing, morphometry, and biomechanical properties of previously fractured femora in old compared to young individuals

Frailty has been shown to be a risk predictor for peri-operative adverse events (AEs) in patients undergoing various type of spine surgery. However, its relationship with Patient Related Outcome Measures (PROMS) remains unknown. The primary objective of this study was to determine the impact of frailty on PROMS in patients undergoing surgery for thoraco-lumbar degenerative conditions. The secondary objective was to determine the association between frailty and baseline PROMS. This is a retrospective study of a prospective cohort of patients >55 years old who underwent surgery between 2012 and 2018. Patient data and PROMS (EQ-5D, SF-12, ODI, back and leg pain NRS) were extracted from the Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network registry for a single academic centre. Frailty was retrospectively calculated using the modified frailty index (mFI) and patient were classified as frail, pre-frail and non-frail. Patient characteristics and outcomes were analyzed using ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables and Chi square or Fisher's exact test for proportions. A generalized estimating equations (GEEs) regression model was used to assess the association between patients' baseline frailty status and PROMs measures at three and 12 months. 293 patients were included with a mean age of 67 ± 7 years. Twenty-two percent of the patients (n= 65) were frail, 59 % (n=172) were pre-frail and 19% (n=56) were non-frail. At baseline, the three groups had similar PROMS, except for the PCS which was worse in the frail group (mean difference [95% CI], −4.9 [−8.6;-1.1], p= 0.0083). The improvement in the EQ-5D, PCS, MCS, ODI, back and leg pain NRS scores was not significantly different between the three groups (p> 0.05). The was no difference in the evolution of the PROMS at three and 12 months between the three groups (p> 0.05). Although frailty is a known predictor of AEs, it does not predict worse PROMS after spine surgery in that population. At baseline, non-frail, pre-frail and frail patients have similar PROMS

Introduction: Computer navigation systems allow real time evaluation of knee behaviour intraoperatively. Measurements made by navigation reflect soft tissue balance throughout surgery. We studied three different populations of patients undergoing total knee replacement (TKR) with a CT-free navigation system where the goal was to achieve normal alignment. We compared the initial pathological kinematics in each group with the resultant kinematics after correction. Method: The Orthopilot® was used during TKR for three groups of patients A (n=71), B(n=60) and C(n=43) all with endstage osteoarthritis. Patients in groups A and B had TKR performed by surgeon 1, and group C by surgeon 2. Results: Pre-operatively, the mean mechanical femoral axis and the mean mechanical femoro-tibial (MFT) angle were calculated. The mean mechanical femoral axis for group A was −0.5° varus (−6° to 9°), group B was −0.68° varus(−6° to 6°), and for group C was 2.67° valgus (−12° to 10°). P< 0.0001, using Kruskal-Wallis test. Pre-operatively, the mean MFT angle for group A was −3.75° varus(−15° to 17°), group B was −2.98° varus(−17° to 13°), and for group C was 0.16° valgus(−17° to 25°). P=0.003 using Kruskal-Wallis test. These results show that the initial preoperative kinematics are different for the three different populations. Post-operatively we measured the mean MFT angle in groups A, B and C. In group A, the mean MFT angle was −0.38° varus (−4° to 2°), group B was −0.41° varus(−5° to 2°), and group C was −0.02° varus(−3° to 5°). P=0.7 using the Kruskal-Wallis test. These results show that the post-operative kinematics are similar between the three different populations. Discussion: Populations A and B preoperatively exhibited a mean varus MFT angle (−0.5° and −0.68° respectively), compared with a mean valgus MFT angle for group C(2.67°), which were statistically significantly different. Although different surgeons operated on the 3 groups (surgeon 1 operated on groups A and B, and surgeon 2 operated on group C), post-operative kinematics were within a narrow range (−0.02° to −0.41°) and not statistically different (p=0.7). Conclusion: The Orthopilot® results showed that these populations had different initial pathological kinematics. Despite this, and using different operators we obtained similar post-op results within a narrow range. Computer navigation produces reliable, reproducible results independent of population or operator variables

Objectives. The use of the haptically bounded saw blades in robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty (RTKA) can potentially help to limit surrounding soft-tissue injuries. However, there are limited data characterizing these injuries for cruciate-retaining (CR) TKA with the use of this technique. The objective of this cadaver study was to compare the extent of soft-tissue damage sustained through a robotic-assisted, haptically guided TKA (RATKA) versus a manual TKA (MTKA) approach. Methods. A total of 12 fresh-frozen pelvis-to-toe cadaver specimens were included. Four surgeons each prepared three RATKA and three MTKA specimens for cruciate-retaining TKAs. A RATKA was performed on one knee and a MTKA on the other. Postoperatively, two additional surgeons assessed and graded damage to 14 key anatomical structures in a blinded manner. Kruskal–Wallis hypothesis tests were performed to assess statistical differences in soft-tissue damage between RATKA and MTKA cases. Results. Significantly less damage occurred to the PCLs in the RATKA versus the MTKA specimens (p < 0.001). RATKA specimens had non-significantly less damage to the deep medial collateral ligaments (p = 0.149), iliotibial bands (p = 0.580), poplitei (p = 0.248), and patellar ligaments (p = 0.317). The remaining anatomical structures had minimal soft-tissue damage in all MTKA and RATKA specimens. Conclusion. The results of this study indicate that less soft-tissue damage may occur when utilizing RATKA compared with MTKA. These findings are likely due to the enhanced preoperative planning with the robotic software, the real-time intraoperative feedback, and the haptically bounded saw blade, all of which may help protect the surrounding soft tissues and ligaments. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2019;8:495–501

Introduction. Pseudotumors have been reported following metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty (THA); however, the natural history and longitudinal imaging findings of pseudotumors have yet to be fully analyzed. Our hypothesis was that pseudotumor size might change over time following metal-on-metal THA. This hypothesis was studied longitudinally using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods. Screening for pseudotumors was performed using MRI after large-diameter metal-on-metal THA. Initial MRI was conducted at a mean of 36 months postoperatively. Follow-up MRI was performed at a mean of 20 months after the detection of 24 pseudotumors in 20 asymptomatic patients. Pseudotumors were classified as cystic, solid, and mixed types. Fourteen hips were characterized as cystic type and 10 hips were defined as mixed type. There were three men and 17 women with a mean age of 63 years. Pseudotumor size was determined on MRI by manually outlining the greatest size of the mass. Serum cobalt and chromium ion levels were measured in nine patients with unilateral THA at the time of MRI. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and chi square test to compare age, gender, BMI, head diameter, cup inclination, cup anteversion, and pseudotumor type among changes of pseudotumor size. We compared the pseudotumor size for the three groups (increase in size, no change, decrease in size) using Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare median serum metal ion levels over time. A p value < 0.05 was considered significant. This study was approved by the ethics committee of our institution, and all patients provided informed consent. Results. The mean pseudotumor size changed from 729 mm. 2. to 877 mm. 2. Among the 24 hips, pseudotumors increased in size (Fig. 1) in eight (three cystic and five mixed) and decreased in size in six (four cystic and two mixed). Ten hips showed no changes in size (seven cystic and three mixed). We found no significant differences between changes of pseudotumor size and patient characteristics. The mean initial size of pseudotumor was bigger in pseudotumors with increased in size (1002 ± 309 mm. 2. ) than in those with decreased in size (542 ± 295 mm. 2. , p = 0.020) or no change (622 ± 448 mm. 2. , p = 0.041). The median cobalt ion levels at initial MRI and follow-up MRI were 2.0 µg/L and 1.8 µg/L, respectively. The median chromium ion levels at initial MRI and follow-up MRI were 2.0 µg/L and 3.1 µg/L, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the levels of either metal at initial and subsequent MRI. Conclusions. The present results suggest that pseudotumors frequently change in size in asymptomatic patients, and our hypothesis was verified. The initial size of pseudotumor was bigger in pseudotumors with increased in size than in those with decreased in size or no change. And we might predict that bigger pseudotumors would tend to increase in size

The literature indicates that femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) patients do not return to the level of controls (CTRL) following surgery. The purpose of this study was to compare hip biomechanics during stair climbing tasks in FAI patients before and two years after undergoing corrective surgery against healthy controls (CTRL). A total of 27 participants were included in this study. All participants underwent CT imaging at the local hospital, followed by three-dimensional motion analysis done at the human motion biomechanics laboratory at the local university. Participants who presented a cam deformity >50.5° in the oblique-axial or >60° in the radial planes, respectively, and who had a positive impingement test were placed in the FAI group (n=11, age=34.1±7.4 years, BMI=25.4±2.7 kg/m2). The remaining participants had no cam deformity and negative impingement test and were placed in the CTRL group (n=16, age=33.2±6.4 years, BMI=26.3±3.2 kg/m2). The CTRL group completed the biomechanics protocol once, whereas the FAI group completed the protocol twice, once prior to undergoing corrective surgery for the cam FAI, and the second time at approximately two years following surgery. At the human motion biomechanics laboratory, participants were outfitted with 45 retroreflective markers placed according to the UOMAM marker set. Participants completed five trials of stairs task on a three step instrumented stair case to measure ground reaction forces while 10 Vicon MX-13 cameras recorded the marker trajectories. Data was processed using Nexus software and divided into stair ascent and stair descent tasks. The trials were imported into custom written MatLab software to extract peak pelvis and hip kinematics and hip kinetic variables. Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to determine significant (p < 0.05) differences between the groups. No significant differences occurred during the stair descent task between any of the groups. During the stair ascent task, the CTRL group had significantly greater peak hip flexion angle (Pre-Op=58±7.1°, Post-Op=58.1±6.6°, CTRL=64.1±5.1°) and sagittal hip range of motion (ROM) (Pre-Op=56.7±6.7°, Post-Op=56.3±5.5°, CTRL=61.7±4.2°) than both the pre- and post-operative groups. Pre-operatively, the FAI group had significantly less peak hip adduction angle (Pre-Op=2±4.5°, Post-Op=3.4±4.4°, CTRL=5.5±3.7°) and hip frontal ROM (Pre-Op=9.9±3.4°, Post-Op=11.9±5.4°, CTRL=13.4±2.5°) compared to the CTRL group. No significant differences occurred in the kinetic variables. Our findings are in line with the Rylander and colleagues (2013) who also found that hip sagittal ROM did not improve following corrective surgery. Their study included a mix of cam and pincer-type FAI, and had a mean follow-up of approximately one year. Our cohort included only cam FAI and they had a mean follow-up of approximately two years, indicating with the extra year, the patients still did not show sagittal hip kinematics improvement. In the frontal plane, there was no significant difference between the post-op and the CTRL, indicating that the postoperative FAI reached the level of the CTRLs. This is in line with recent work that indicates a more medialized hip contact force vector following surgery, suggesting better hip stabilization

Introduction. It is well-known that wear debris generated by metal-on-metal hip replacements leads to aseptic loosening. This process starts in the local tissue where an inflammatory reaction is induced, followed by an periprosthetic osteolysis. MOM bearings generate particles as well as ions. The influence of both in human bodies is still the subject of debate. For instance hypersensitivity and high blood metal ion levels are under discussion for systemic reactions or pseudotumors around the hip replacement as a local reaction. The exact biopathologic mechanism is still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of local injected metal ions and metal particles. Material and Methods. We used an established murine inflammation model with Balb/c mice and generated three groups. Group PBS (control group, n=10) got an injection of 50µl 0.1 vol% PBS-suspension, Group MI (Metal-ion, n=10) got an injection of 50µl metal ion suspension at a concentration of 200µg/l and Group MP (Metal-particles, n=10) got an injection of 50µl 0.1 vol% metal particle suspension each in the left knee. After incubation for 7 days the mice were euthanized and the extraction of the left knee ensued. Followed by immunhistochemical treatment with markers of inflammation that implied TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, CD 45, CD 68, CD 3, we counted the positive cells in the synovial layer in the left knees by light microscopy, subdivided into visual fields 200× magnified. The statistical analysis was done with Kruskal-Wallis test and a post hoc Bonferroni correction. Results. The Group with metal particles showed significantly elevated inflammatory markers (TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, CD 68, CD 45) compared to all other groups. Interestingly, CD 3 as a marker for T-lymphocytes showed no increased levels in all groups. The metal ion group showed significant elevated CD 45 expressions compared to the control group. Conclusion. The results clearly demonstrate that especially metal wear particles lead to an intensive inflammatory reaction. The tissue formations in the metal particle group show an osseous destructive behavior in previously demonstrated results, comparable to pseudotumors. But, in this study, the expression of the immunohistological markers CD 3, CD 45 and CD 68 indicate that the tissue consists of leucocytes and macrophages, whereas lymphocytes could not be detected. This might be due to an acute inflammatory reaction, whereas the adaptive immune response by T-lymphocytes seems not (yet) to be activated. Overall it must be stated that solid metal wear particles are responsible for local inflammatory reactions, whereas it is still unknown whether wear particles corrode in vivo and release a potentially high level of locally toxic metal ions

Healthy cartilage is essential for optimal joint function. Although, articular cartilage defects are highly prevalent in the active population and might hamper joint function, the effect of articular cartilage defects on knee contact forces and pressures is not yet documented. Therefore, the present study compared knee contact forces and pressures between patients with a tibiofemoral cartilage defect and healthy controls. This might provide additional insights in movement adaptations and the role of altered loading in the progression from defect to OA. Experimental gait data was collected in 15 patients with isolated articular cartilage defects (8 medial-affected, 7 lateral-affected) and 19 healthy asymptomatic controls and was processed using a musculoskeletal model to calculate contact forces and pressures. Differences between medial-affected, lateral-affected and controls were evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis tests and individually compared using Mann-Whitney-U tests (alpha <0.05). The lateral-affected group walked significantly slower compared to the healthy controls. No adaptations in the movement pattern that resulted in decreased loading on the injured condyle were observed. Additionally, the location of loading was not significantly affected. The current results suggest that isolated cartilage defects do not induce changes in the knee joint loading pattern. Consequently, the involved condyle will be equally loaded, indicating that a similar amount of force should be distributed over the remaining cartilage surrounding the articular cartilage defect and may cause local degenerative changes in the cartilage. This in combination with inflammatory responses might play a key role in the progression from articular cartilage defect to a more severe OA phenotype

The purpose of this study is to compare 90-day costs and outcomes for primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients between a non-obese (BMI 18.5–24.9) versus overweight (25–29.9), obese (30–34.9), severely-obese (35–39.9), morbidly-obese (40–44.9), and super-obese (45+) cohorts. We conducted a retrospective review of a prospective institutional database of primary THA patients from 2006–2013, including patients with a minimum of three-year follow-up. Thirty-three super-obese patients were identified, and the other five cohorts were randomly selected in a 2:1 ratio (total n = 363). Demographics, 90-day outcomes (costs, reoperations, and readmissions), and outcomes after three years (revisions and change scores for SF12, HHS, and WOMAC) were collected. Costs were determined using unit costs from our institutional administrative data for all in-hospital resource utilization. Comparisons between the non-obese and other groups were made with Kruskal-Wallis tests for non-normal data and chi-square and Fisher's exact test for categorical data. The 90-day costs in the morbidly-obese ($13,134 ± 7,250 mean ± standard deviation, p <0.01) and super-obese ($15,604 ± 6,783, p <0.01) cohorts were statistically significantly greater than the non-obese cohorts ($10,315 ± 1,848). Only the super-obese cohort had statistically greater 90-day reoperation and readmission rates than the non-obese cohort (18.2% vs 0%, p <0.01 and 21.2% vs 4.5%, p=0.02, respectively). In addition, reoperations and septic revisions after 3 years were greater in the super-obese cohort compared to the non-obese cohort 21.2% vs 3.0% (p = 0.01), and 18.2% vs 1.5% (p= 0.01), respectively. There were no other statistical differences between the other cohorts with the non-obese cohort at 90-days or after 3 years. Improvements in SF12, HHS, and WOMAC were comparable in all cohorts. The 90-day costs of a primary total hip arthroplasty for morbidly-obese (BMI 40–44.9) and super-obese (BMI>45) are significantly greater than for non-obese patients, yet these patients have comparable improvements in outcome scores. Health care policies, when based purely on the economic impact of health care delivery, may place morbidly-obese and super-obese patients at risk of losing arthroplasty care, thereby denying them access to the comparable quality of life improvements

Purpose. In patients with multiple trauma delayed fracture healing is often diagnosed, but the pathomechanisms are not well known yet. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of a severe hemorrhagic shock on fracture healing in a murine model. Methods. 10 male C57BL/6N mice per group (Fx, TH, THFx, Sham) and point in time were used. The Fx-group received an osteotomy after implantation of a fixateur extern. The TH-group got a pressure controlled hemorrhagic shock with a mean arterial blood pressure of 35 mmHg over 90 minutes. Resuscitation with 4 times the shed blood volume of Ringer solution was performed. The THFx group got both. Sham-animals received the implantation of a catheter and a fixateur extern but no blood loss or osteotomy. After 1, 2, 3, 4 or 6 weeks the animals were sacrificed. For the biomechanics the bones were analyzed via X-ray, µCT and underwent a 3-point bending test. The nondecalcified histology based on slices of Technovit 9100. The signaling pathway was analyzed via RT. 2. Profiler™ PCR Array Mouse Osteoporosis, Western Blot and Quantikine ELISA for RankL and OPG. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Comparisons between groups were performed using the Mann–Whitney U (Fx vs. THFx) or Kruskal-Wallis Test (other groups). Results. The experiment showed that after 1 week the bones of the Fx- and THFx-mice were macroscopically instable. After 2 weeks the Fx-group showed macroscopically a stable bridging whereas the bones of the THFx-group were partly not stable bridged. 3 weeks after surgery the bones of both groups were stable bridged. Analysis via µCT showed that trauma hemorrhage leads to decreased density of the bone and callus and also to increased share of callus per bone volume after 2 weeks. The 3-point-bending test showed that the maximum bending moment is decreased in the group THFx compared to Fx after 2 weeks. The studies of the histology showed after 2 weeks a decrease in bone and cartilage after trauma-hemorrhage by optical analysis of photographs of the slices. The analyses of the signaling pathway pointed to an involvement of the RankL/Opg and IL6 pathway. Conclusion. A hemorrhagic shock has a negative effect on fracture healing in terms of reduced density of the bone and callus, increased share of callus per bone volume, decreased maximum bending moment, reduced mineralization of the callus and leads to changes in the RankL/Opg and IL6 pathways

Aims

Transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) plays a major role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases in all organ systems. Despite its importance, NF-κB targeted drug therapy to mitigate chronic inflammation has had limited success in preclinical studies. We hypothesized that sex differences affect the response to NF-κB treatment during chronic inflammation in bone. This study investigated the therapeutic effects of NF-κB decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) during chronic inflammation in male and female mice.

Background. Administration of Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) in patients with spastic cerebral palsy aims to improve mobility by increasing joint range of motion and decreasing passive resistance. However, our recent animal experiments indicated that BTX-A can decrease muscle”s length range of force exertion (Lrange), and increase its passive forces and extracellular matrix (ECM) collagen content. Moreover, BTX-A injected into the tibialis anterior (TA) was shown to spread into non-injected synergistic muscles in the whole anterior crural compartment. These effects that contradict the treatment aims deserve further investigation. Aim. To test in a rat model if: (1) BTX-A injected into the medial and lateral gastrocnemius (GM&GL) muscles spreads into the synergistic soleus (SOL) as well as antagonistic TA and extensor digitorum longus (EDL). (2) The muscles exposed show a wider Lrange, decreased muscle passive force and reduced ECM collagen. Methods. 2×0.1U/20µl of BTX-A (BTX-A group, n=6) or only 2×20µl of saline (Control group, n=6) were prepared and each was injected into the mid-belly of the GM and GL separately. 5 days post injection, forces of all muscles were measured in passive state and also on activation. The GM&GL length was changed whereas; all other muscles were kept at constant length. After biomechanical testing, the muscles were histologically analyzed using Gomori trichrome stain to detect ECM collagen. Two-way ANOVA (factors: GM&GL length and animal group) was used to assess BTX-A effects on forces, and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to test the change in proportion of collagenous tissue for each muscle. Differences were considered significant at p<0.05. Results. Injected muscles: ANOVA showed significant main effects of both factors on GM&GL total forces and a significant interaction. Force reductions are more pronounced at shorter lengths (increase from 80.8% to 88.4% with decreasing length). Lrange decreased (by 24.1%). ANOVA showed significant main effects of only muscle length on GM&GL passive forces and no significant interaction. Non-injected muscles: ANOVA showed significant main effects of both factors (for SOL), or only of BTX-A (for TA and EDL) only on muscle total forces, but no significant interaction. Force drops for the SOL (89.8%) and anterior crural muscles (57.0% and 51.0% for TA and EDL) do indicate spread of BTX-A intra- and extra-compartmentally. Histological analyses showed increased ECM collagen contents of BTX-A group for the GM&GL, TA, and EDL. Conclusion. Narrowed Lrange and increased ECM collagen content are not in accord with the clinical purpose of the treatment. BTX-A did not reduce passive forces, but did not cause an increase either. Remarkably, the results show that BTX-A leakage is a major issue that can affect muscles of even antagonistic muscle compartments. Hence, our animal experiments indicate much more complex BTX-A effects than considered, which requires further testing in patients

Aims

Continuous local antibiotic perfusion (CLAP) has recently attracted attention as a new drug delivery system for orthopaedic infections. CLAP is a direct continuous infusion of high-concentration gentamicin (1,200 μg/ml) into the bone marrow. As it is a new system, its influence on the bone marrow is unknown. This study aimed to examine the effects of high-concentration antibiotics on human bone tissue-derived cells.

Aims

The overall aim of this study was to determine the impact of deprivation with regard to quality of life, demographics, joint-specific function, attendances for unscheduled care, opioid and antidepressant use, having surgery elsewhere, and waiting times for surgery on patients awaiting total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Aims

The aim of this study was to report health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and joint-specific function in patients waiting for total hip or knee arthroplasty surgery (THA or TKA) in Northern Ireland, compared to published literature and a matched normal population. Secondary aims were to report emergency department (ED) and out-of-hours general practitioner (OOH GP) visits, new prescriptions of strong opioids, and new prescriptions of antidepressants while waiting.

Aims

Although low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) combined with disinfectants has been shown to effectively eliminate portions of biofilm in vitro, its efficacy in vivo remains uncertain. Our objective was to assess the antibiofilm potential and safety of LIPUS combined with 0.35% povidone-iodine (PI) in a rat debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) model of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI).

Aims

The purpose of this study was to determine the association between prior sleeve gastrectomy in patients undergoing primary total hip and knee arthroplasty, and 90-day complications, incidence of revision arthroplasty, and patient-reported outcome scores at final follow-up.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the outcomes of arthroscopic decompression of calcific tendinitis performed without repairing the rotator cuff defect.

Aims

This study compared patient-reported outcomes of three total knee arthroplasty (TKA) designs from one manufacturer: one cruciate-retaining (CR) design, and two cruciate-sacrificing designs, anterior-stabilized (AS) and posterior-stabilized (PS).

Aims

The primary aim of this study was to determine the ten-year outcome following surgical treatment for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). We assessed whether the evolution of practice from open to arthroscopic techniques influenced outcomes and tested whether any patient, radiological, or surgical factors were associated with outcome.

Aims

Periprosthetic fractures (PPFs) following hip arthroplasty are complex injuries. This study evaluates patient demographic characteristics, management, outcomes, and risk factors associated with PPF subtypes over a decade.

Lubricin is a proteoglycan that is a boundary lubricant in synovial joints and both a surface and collagen inter-fascicular lubricant in ligaments. The purpose of this study was to characterise the mRNA levels for lubricin in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), medial collateral ligament (MCL), and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) in aging and surgically-induced menopausal rabbits. We hypothesised that lubricin mRNA levels would be increased in ligaments from aging and menopausal rabbits compared with ligaments from normal rabbits. All four knee ligaments (ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL) were isolated from normal (1-year-old rabbits, n=8), aging (3-year-old rabbits, n=6), and menopausal (1-year-old rabbits fourteen weeks after surgical ovariohysterectomy, n=8) female New Zealand White rabbits. RT-qPCR was used to evaluate the mRNA levels for lubricin normalised to the housekeeping gene 18S. After removing outliers, data for normal, aging, and menopausal rabbits for each knee ligament (ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL) were compared using ANOVA with linear contrasts or Kruskal-Wallis test with Conover post-hoc analysis. For ACLs, the mRNA levels for lubricin were increased in menopausal and aging rabbits compared with normal rabbits (p<0.056). For PCLs, trends for increased lubricin mRNA levels were found when comparing menopausal and aging rabbits with normal rabbits (p<0.092). For MCLs, the mRNA levels for lubricin were increased in menopausal and aging rabbits compared with normal rabbits (p<0.050). For LCLs, no differences in lubricin mRNA levels were detected comparing the three groups. For all four knee ligaments (ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL), no differences in lubricin mRNA levels were detected comparing the ligaments from menopausal rabbits with those from aging rabbits. Lubricin plays a role in collagen fascicle lubrication in ligaments (1,2). Increased lubricin gene expression was associated with mechanical changes (including decreased modulus and increased failure strain) in the aging rabbit MCL (3). Detection of similar molecular changes in the ACL, and possibly the PCL, may indicate that their mechanical properties may also change as a result of increased lubricin gene expression, thereby potentially pre-disposing these ligaments to damage accumulation. Compared to aging ligaments, aging tendons exhibited decreased lubricin gene and protein expression, and increased stiffness (4). Although opposite changes than aging ligaments, these findings support the relationship between lubricin and modulus/stiffness. The similarities between ligaments in the aging and menopausal groups may suggest that surgically-induced menopause results in a form of accelerated aging in the rabbit ACL, MCL and possibly PCL

Aims

Cemented hemiarthroplasty is an effective form of treatment for most patients with an intracapsular fracture of the hip. However, it remains unclear whether there are subgroups of patients who may benefit from the alternative operation of a modern uncemented hemiarthroplasty – the aim of this study was to investigate this issue. Knowledge about the heterogeneity of treatment effects is important for surgeons in order to target operations towards specific subgroups who would benefit the most.

Aims

Abduction bracing is commonly used to treat developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) following closed reduction and spica casting, with little evidence to support or refute this practice. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of abduction bracing after closed reduction in improving acetabular index (AI) and reducing secondary surgery for residual hip dysplasia.

Aims

Only a few studies have investigated the long-term health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with an idiopathic scoliosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the overall HRQoL and employment status of patients with an idiopathic scoliosis 40 years after diagnosis, to compare it with that of the normal population, and to identify possible predictors for a better long-term HRQoL.

Aims

Revision total hip arthroplasty in patients with Vancouver type B3 fractures with Paprosky type IIIA, IIIB, and IV femoral defects are difficult to treat. One option for Paprovsky type IIIB and IV defects involves modular cementless, tapered, revision femoral components in conjunction with distal interlocking screws. The aim of this study was to analyze the rate of reoperations and complications and union of the fracture, subsidence of the stem, mortality, and the clinical outcomes in these patients.

Aims

The risk factors for abnormal spinopelvic mobility (SPM), defined as an anterior rotation of the spinopelvic tilt (∆SPT) ≥ 20° in a flexed-seated position, have been described. The implication of pelvic incidence (PI) is unclear, and the concept of lumbar lordosis (LL) based on anatomical limits may be erroneous. The distribution of LL, including a unusual shape in patients with a high lordosis, a low pelvic incidence, and an anteverted pelvis seems more relevant.

Aims

Refobacin Bone Cement R and Palacos R + G bone cement were introduced to replace the original cement Refobacin Palacos R in 2005. Both cements were assumed to behave in a biomechanically similar fashion to the original cement. The primary aim of this study was to compare the migration of a polished triple-tapered femoral stem fixed with either Refobacin Bone Cement R or Palacos R + G bone cement. Repeated radiostereometric analysis was used to measure migration of the femoral head centre. The secondary aims were evaluation of cement mantle, stem positioning, and patient-reported outcome measures.

Aims

The preventive effects of bisphosphonates on articular cartilage in non-arthritic joints are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of oral bisphosphonates on the rate of joint space narrowing in the non-arthritic hip.

Previous retrieval studies demonstrate increased tibial baseplate roughness leads to higher polyethylene backside wear in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Micromotion between the polyethylene backside and tibial baseplate is affected by the locking mechanism design and can further increase backside wear. The purpose of this study was to examine modern locking mechanisms, in the setting of both roughened and polished tibial baseplates, on backside tibial polyethylene wear. Five TKA models were selected, all with different tibial baseplate and/or locking mechanism designs. Six retrieval tibial polyethylenes from each TKA model were matched based on time in vivo (TIV), age at TKA revision, BMI, gender, number of times revised, and revision reason. Two observers scored each polyethylene backside according to a visual damage score and individual damage modes. Primary outcomes were mean damage score and individual damage modes. Demographics were compared by one-way ANOVA. Damage scores and modes were analysed by the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's multiple comparisons test. There were no differences among the groups based on TIV (p=0.962), age (p=0.651), BMI (p=0.951), gender, revision number, or reason for revision. There was a significant difference across groups for mean total damage score (p=0.029). The polished tibial design with a partial peripheral capture locking mechanism and anterior constraint demonstrated a significantly lower score compared to one of the roughened tibial designs with a complete peripheral-rim locking mechanism (13.0 vs. 22.1, p=0.018). Otherwise, mean total damage scores were not significant between groups. As far as modes of wear, there were identifiable differences among the groups based on abrasions (p=0.005). The polished design with a tongue-in-groove locking mechanism demonstrated a significantly higher score compared to both groups with roughened tibial baseplates (5.83 vs. 0.83, p=0.024 and 5.83 vs. 0.92, p=0.033). Only the two designs with roughened tibial baseplates demonstrated dimpling (5.67 and 8.67) which was significant when compared against all other groups (p0.99). No other significant differences were identified when examining burnishing, cold flow, scratching, or pitting. No polyethylene components exhibited embedded debris or delamination. Total damage scores were similar between all groups except when comparing one of the polished TKA design to one of the roughened designs. The other TKA model with a roughened tibial baseplate had similar damage scores to the polished designs, likely due to its updated locking mechanism. Dimpling wear patterns were specific for roughened tibial baseplates while abrasive wear patterns were identified in the design with a tongue-in-groove locking mechanism. Our study showed even in the setting of a roughened tibial baseplate, modern locking mechanisms decrease backside wear similar to that of other current generation TKA designs

Aims

Periprosthetic fractures (PPFs) around the knee are challenging injuries. This study aims to describe the characteristics of knee PPFs and the impact of patient demographics, fracture types, and management modalities on in-hospital mortality.

Aims

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles secreted by all cells, enriched in proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids related to cell-to-cell communication and vital components of cell-based therapies. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-derived EVs have been studied as an alternative for osteoarthritis (OA) treatment. However, their clinical translation is hindered by industrial and regulatory challenges. In contrast, platelet-derived EVs might reach clinics faster since platelet concentrates, such as platelet lysates (PL), are already used in therapeutics. Hence, we aimed to test the therapeutic potential of PL-derived extracellular vesicles (pEVs) as a new treatment for OA, which is a degenerative joint disease of articular cartilage and does not have any curative or regenerative treatment, by comparing its effects to those of human umbilical cord MSC-derived EVs (cEVs) on an ex vivo OA-induced model using human cartilage explants.

Aims

There is a lack of high-quality research investigating outcomes of Ponseti-treated idiopathic clubfeet and correlation with relapse. This study assessed clinical and quality of life (QoL) outcomes using a standardized core outcome set (COS), comparing children with and without relapse.

Aims

Clear cell sarcoma (CCS) of soft-tissue is a rare melanocytic subtype of mesenchymal malignancy. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and therapeutic factors associated with increased survival, stratified by clinical stage, in order to determine the optimal treatment.

Aims

Bacterial infection activates neutrophils to release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in bacterial biofilms of periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the increase in NET activation and release (NETosis) and haemostasis markers in the plasma of patients with PJI, to evaluate whether such plasma induces the activation of neutrophils, to ascertain whether increased NETosis is also mediated by reduced DNaseI activity, to explore novel therapeutic interventions for NETosis in PJI in vitro, and to evaluate the potential diagnostic use of these markers.

Introduction. Successful cementless acetabular designs require sufficient initial stability between implant and bone (with interfacial motions <150 μm) and close opposition between the porous coating and the reamed bony surface of the acetabulum to obtaining bone ingrowth and secondary stability. While prior generations of cementless components showed good clinical results for long term fixation, modern designs continue to trend toward increased porosity and improved frictional characteristics to further enhance cup stability. Objectives. We intend to experimentally assess the differences in initial stability between a hemispherical acetabular component with a highly porous trabecular tantalum fixation surface (Continuum. ®. Acetabular System, Zimmer Inc, Warsaw, IN)(Fig 1) and a hemispherical component with the new highly porous Trabecular Titanium. ®. surface (Delta TT, Lima Corporate, Italy)(Fig 2) manufactured by electron beam melting. Material and methods. A total of 16 cups were used, 8 for each type. Each cup was used 4 times. Cups were implanted in polyurethane foam blocks with 1mm interference fit and subsequently edge loaded to failure. Two different foam block densities (0.24 g/cm. 3. and 0.32g/cm. 3. ) were used to model low- and high-density bone stock. Each cup was seated into a block under displacement control using a servohydraulic test machine (MTS Bionix 858, Eden Praire, MN) to engage the locking mechanism until axial forces reach 8 to 10 kN. During insertion, force and displacement were recorded to determine the implantation force for each component. After seating, initial acetabular component fixation was assessed using an edge loading test. Descriptive statistics are presented as means and standard deviations for continuous variables. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to assess the effect of Cup on the outcomes: (1) Insertion force, (2) Insertion energy, (3) Ultimate load, (4) Yield load, and (5) Ultimate Energy. Pairwise comparisons were done using Mann-Whitney U test for significant outcomes and multiple comparisons were adjusted using Bonferroni correction. All analyses were performed with SAS version 9.3 (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA); a p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. Delta TT cup required the same seating force (p=0.014) and 18% higher insertion energy (p=0.002) for fully seating compared to Continuum cup, however this difference is not clinically relevant. Delta TT cup exibithed more stability, as exibithed by significantly higher (35%) energy to ultimate load (p=0.014). No statistical differences were found in Ultimate load and Yield load among the 2 cups. Cups in higher density foam required higher force and energy to be seated. In edge load testing higher densities blocks generated higher force and energy accross all cup designs. Conclusions. The result of this study indicate increased interface stability in Trabecular Titanium cup compared to Porous tantalum cup with a low incresing in the energy required for fully seating

Aims

Serum inflammatory parameters are widely used to aid in diagnosing a periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Due to their limited performances in the literature, novel and more accurate biomarkers are needed. Serum albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR) and serum CRP-to-albumin ratio (CAR) have previously been proposed as potential new parameters, but results were mixed. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of AGR and CAR in diagnosing PJI and to compare them to the established and widely used marker CRP.

Aims

The open Latarjet procedure is a widely used treatment for recurrent anterior instability of the shoulder. Although satisfactory outcomes are reported, factors which influence a patient’s experience are poorly quantified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a range of demographic factors and measures of the severity of instability on patient-reported outcome measures in patients who underwent an open Latarjet procedure at a minimum follow-up of two years.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are self-renewing, multipotent cells that could potentially be used to repair injured cartilage in diseases. The objetive was to analyze different sources of human MSCs to find a suitable alternative source for the isolation of MSCs with high chondrogenic potential. Femoral bone marrow, adipose tissue from articular and subcutaneous locations (hip, knee, hand, ankle and elbow) were obtained from 35 patients who undewent different types of orthopedic surgery (21 women, mean age 69.83 ± 13.93 (range 38–91) years. Neoplasic and immunocompromised patients were refused. The Ethical Committee for Clinical Research of the Government of Aragón (CEICA) approved the study and all patients provided informed consent. Cells were conjugated wiith monoclonal antibodies. Cell fluorescence was evaluated by flow cytometry using a FACSCalibur flow cytometer and analysed using CellQuest software (Becton Dickinson). Chondrogenic differentiation of human MSCs from the various tissues at P1 and P3 was induced in a 30-day micropellet culture [Pittenger et al., 1999]. To evaluate the differentiation of cartilaginous pellet cultures, samples were fixed embedded in paraffin and cut into 5- υm-thick slices. The slices were treated with hematoxylin-eosin and safranin O (Sigma-Aldrich). Each sample was graded according to the Bern Histological Grading Scale [Grogan et al., 2006], which is a visual scale that incorporates three parameters indicative of cartilage quality: uniform and dark staining with safranin O, cell density or extent of matrix produced and cellular morphology (overall score 0–9). Stained sections were evaluated and graded by two different researchers under a BX41 dual viewer microscope or a Nikon TE2000-E inverted microscope with the NIS-Elements software. Statistics were calculated using bivariate analysis. Pearson's χ2 or Fisher's exact tests were used to compare the Bern Scores of various tissues. To evaluate the cell proliferation, surface marker expression and tissue type results, ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests were used, depending on the data distribution. Results were considered to be significant when p was < 0.05. MSCs from all tissues analysed had a fibroblastic morphology, but their rates of proliferation varied. Subcutaneous fat derived MSCs proliferated faster than bone marrow. MSCs from Hoffa fat, hip and knee subcutaneous proliferated slower than MSCs from elbow, ankle and hand subcutaneous. Flow cytometry: most of cells lacked expression of CD31, CD34, CD36, CD117 (c-kit), CD133/1 and HLA-DR. At same time 95% of cells expressed CD13, CD44, CD59, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD151 y CD166. Fenotype showed no differences in cells from different anatomic places. Cells from hip and knee subcutaneous showed a worst differentiation to hyaline cartilage. Hoffa fat cells showed high capacity in transforming to hyaline cartilage. Cells from different anatomic places show different chondrogenic potential that has to be considered to choose the cells source