The optimal alignment technique for total knee replacement (TKR) remains controversial. We previously reported six-month and two-year results of a randomized controlled trial comparing kinematically (KA) versus mechanically (MA) aligned TKR. In the present study, we report 12-year results from this trial. The original cohort included 88 TKRs (44 KA using Shape Match patient-specific guides and 44 MA using conventional instrumentation), performed from 2008 to 2009. After IRB approval, the health record of the original 88 patients were queried. Revisions, re-operations, and complications were recorded. The non-deceased patients were contacted via phone. Reoperation and complications were documented via the patient's history. Further, a battery of patient-reported outcome measures (including patient satisfaction, WOMAC, Oxford, KOOS Jr, Forgotten Joint Score, and M-SANE) were obtained.Abstract
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Methods
Adverse reactions to pain medication and pain can delay discharge after outpatient knee arthroplasty (TKA). Pharmacogenomics is an emerging tool that might help reduce adverse events by tailoring medication use based on known genetic variations in the CYP genes determining drug metabolism. This study was undertaken to evaluate whether pre-operative pharmacogenomic testing could optimize peri-operative pain management in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This prospective, randomized study was performed in adults undergoing primary TKA. Patients in the experimental group underwent pre-operative pharmacogenomic evaluation and medication adjustments. Medications were not optimized for control patients. The Overall Benefit of Analgesic Score (OBAS) at 24 hours post-op was the primary outcome. Postoperative pain scores (VAS scale), total opioid use, time in recovery, and time to discharge were also compared.Abstract
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Methods
Minimum clinically important differences (MCIDs) are critical to understanding changes in patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) scores after total joint arthroplasty (TJA). The usage and adoption of MCIDs not been well-studied. This study was performed to IDENTIFY trends in PROM and MCID use after TJA over the past decade. All articles published in the calendar years of 2010 and 2020 in CORR, JBJS, and the Journal of Arthroplasty were reviewed. Articles relating to clinical outcomes in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were included. For each article, all reported PROMs and (if present) accompanying MCIDs were recorded. The use of PROMs and MCIDs were compared between articles published in 2010 and 2020.Abstract
Introduction
Methods
Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a common cause of revision total knee surgery. Although debridement and implant retention (DAIR) has lower success rates in the chronic setting, it is an accepted treatment for acute PJI. There are two broad DAIR strategies: single debridement or a planned double debridement performed days apart. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of single versus double DAIR with antibiotic beads for acute PJI in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). A decision tree using single or double DAIR as treatment strategies for acute PJI was constructed. Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) and costs associated with the two treatment arms were calculated. Treatment success rates, failure rates, and mortality rates were derived from the literature. Medical costs were derived from both the literature and Medicare data. A cost-effectiveness plane was constructed from multiple Monte Carlo trials. A sensitivity analysis identified parameters most influencing the optimal strategy decision.Abstract
Introduction
Methodology
Corail implants have shown to give good results in elective total hip replacements (THR) and in hemi-arthroplasties. Pre-operative planning to identify the correct size of the Corail implant is vital for good post-operative outcomes. An undersized implant can lead to subsidence. The aim of the study was to review the incidence of subsidence. Post-operative radiographs of trauma patients (n=39) and elective (n=45) patients who had Corail femoral implants were reviewed. The implant-to-canal (I:C) ratio were calculated at the given 50% and 70% levels of the Corail implant. Follow up radiographs were reviewed to identify subsidence. The average age of patients was 80.3 years (range 66–93 years) in hemi-arthroplasties and 61 years (range 18–88) in elective THRs. The implant to canal (I:C) ratio at the 50% and 70% levels in trauma patients were 0.77 (range 0.54 – 0.97) and 0.81 (range 0.59 – 0.94) respectively. In elective patients, the ratios at the 50% and 70% marks were 0.77 (range 0.57 – 0.98) and 0.81 (0.56 – 0.95). One case of subsidence was seen in a collarless implant and I:C ratios at 50% and 70% were 0.57 and 0.56. A larger study is required to determine the reliability of this novel ‘implant:canal’ ratio to predict incidence.
CT based systems that are used to create custom components and custom cutting guides in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have variable methods for accounting for the thickness of remaining cartilage that may influence component sizing and bone resection. Little information has been published about the thickness of this cartilage, especially on the posterior femoral condyles. Failure to account for this cartilage may lead to under-sizing of the femoral component, or a reduction in the posterior condylar offset that may adversely affect flexion after TKA. This IRB approved, retrospective study included 140 consecutive patients who underwent primary TKA. The medial and lateral posterior condylar bone cuts were performed in the usual manner with mechanical instruments. The resected specimen was sectioned in the sagital plane and the cartilage thickness was measured at the mid portion to the nearest millimeter.Introduction
Methods
Patellar resurfacing during Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) is controversial. Problems unique to patellar resurfacing may be influenced by available patellar component design. These issues include; over-stuffing (the creation of a composite patellar-prosthesis thickness greater than the native patella) that may contribute to reduced range of motion; and over-resection of the native patellar bone that may contribute to post-operative fracture. Prosthesis design may play a role in contributing to these problems. Component diameter and thickness are quite variable from one manufacturer to another and little information has been previously published about optimal component dimensions. This anatomic study was performed to define the native patellar anatomy of patients undergoing TKA, in order to guide future component design. This retrospective, IRB approved study reviewed 797 Caucasian knees that underwent primary TKA by a single surgeon. Data recorded for each patient included: gender; patellar thickness before and after resurfacing, and the size of the component that provided the greatest patellar coverage without any overhang. The residual patellar bone thickness after resection was also calculated.Introduction
Methods
While prosthesis survival in Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) exceeds 90% at 10 year, failures do occur. One area of concern has been the potential for metal allergy or metal sensitivity causing persistent pain, swelling or early failure of the implant in some patients. Definitive tests for diagnosing metal allergy and metal sensitivity have not been developed and this field remains controversial. In most cases where metal sensitivity is a concern, metals such as Chromium and Nickel are implicated. Despite the lack of good diagnostic tests for identifying these patients, several orthopedic prosthesis manufacturers have developed implants made of Titanium or ceramic designed for use in patients where concerns exist regarding metal allergy. In the absence of good diagnostic tests, use of these devices in patients that self identify is one option. To date, little information has been presented about the incidence of self reported metal sensitivity in patients undergoing joint replacement. This study was undertaken to determine the incidence of self reported metal allergy or sensitivity in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. An IRB approved, retrospective chart review was performed in a consecutive series of 194 patients who had undergone TKA at one institution, with one surgeon. Self reported metal sensitivity and allergy had been routinely elicited from each individual who had not undergone implantation of a previous metallic device, during pre-operative consultation.Introduction
Methods
As long as no mandatory DoH tariff exists for out-patient joint injections, outpatient viscosupplementation remains an expensive service for trusts to provide and may warrant rationalisation. Under Payment by Results it is imperative that the quality of data capture and clinical coding improve, if trusts are to maximise financial gains. Clinicians need to be made more aware of the processes and implications of Payment by Results. In order for trusts to receive fair remuneration it is essential that reasonable national tariffs be set for all types of procedure or service delivered.
We have used a modified technique of cervical osteotomy to treat a consecutive series of 23 patients with chronic slip of the upper femoral epiphysis. It has been successful in correcting both moderate and severe deformities with a low incidence of avascular necrosis, comparable to that seen after subtrochanteric osteotomies. We describe the operative details and discuss the features which make cervical osteotomy technically superior to intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric procedures.
Bone samples from the iliac crest of patients with no signs of bone disorder were treated with collagenase to remove the collagen component and so allow detailed observation of the mineral hydroxyapatite. Both polished and unpolished surfaces were studied in the scanning electron microscope and they showed that the mineral component of bone is composed of small rounded units about 10 nm across which are fused together to form larger spheroidal units roughly 100 nm in diameter. In the unpolished surfaces these 100 nm units are seen to aggregate to form columns approximately parallel to their neighbours and with numerous interconnections forming a continuous mineral phase. The polished sections also show the hydroxyapatite as a continuous phase of contiguous spheroids and the holes from which the collagen fibres were removed are clearly revealed. Lamellations in the surface are interpreted as resulting from adjacent layers of collagen fibres having orientations approximately perpendicular to each other.
Total hip replacement was performed in 27 hips of patients who had sickle cell anaemia with avascular necrosis of the femoral head. The disease was bilateral in 11 patients. Considerable medical problems were encountered although most of the patients had exchange transfusion before surgery (86%), which prevented postoperative sickle cell crises in all but two cases. At the primary operation hard sclerotic bone was seen in nine femora with complete obliteration of the femoral canal. There were four femoral fractures, three following perforation of the shaft due to this hard bone. There was a very high morbidity due to loosening in both cemented and uncemented prostheses. With a rate of 59% over a cumulative 5.5 year period, revision was being performed at an average of only 43 months. Surgeons should be aware of these problems.
1. Attention is drawn to that type of rigid congenital flat foot in which the talus lies vertically instead of horizontally. 2. This deformity is rare, but if not treated successfully leads to an ugly, painful foot in adolescence. 3. The experience of five patients forms the basis of the present preliminary account. One adolescent and two young children under the age of five were treated unsuccessfully by both conservative and operative measures. More recently in two children with bilateral deformity open operation has been successful in restoring the shape of the foot. 4. The operation is essentially a reduction of a subluxation at the talo-navicular and subtalar joints. It entails freeing the head of the talus sufficiently to allow it to be lifted dorsally and laterally. The talus is then anchored in position by transplanting the distal end of the peroneus brevis tendon through the neck of the bone.
It has been fascinating to trace the gradual erection of the British edifice of orthopaedics, and nostalgic to recapture a memory, however fleeting, of some of the figures who built it and taught us so much of our sum of knowledge half-way through the twentieth centuryâthe remarkable spell of Robert Jones, the lofty, ascetic Tubby, the pugnacious Openshaw, the forceful and enthusiastic Hey Groves, the earnest but irascible Laming Evans, the equable and thoughtful Elmslie, the restless and exuberant Trethowan. It is always tempting to conclude: "those were the days." It is probably wise to do no more than record the events and leave judgment of progress to a later century. But we are being judged already and not always kindly or even truthfully. We are justified surely in priding ourselves on what has already been achieved, and on the service that orthopaedic surgery now gives to the community and promises for the future. In concern for this aspect of our work we have perhaps tended to neglect our capacity for basic research. But we are aware of this shortcoming, as witness our closer relationships with research departments of universities and royal colleges, and our increasing contacts with colleagues in the basic sciences. Finally, apart from the most intellectual snob and the pessimistic cynic, all must surely rejoice at the enthusiasm, industry and ability of our young colleaguesâthe orthopaedic surgeons of to-morrow.
1. The history of the genesis of the Putti-Platt operation for habitual dislocation of the shoulder is outlined so far as it is known. 2. The operation is described and briefly commented upon. 3. Since there is both gleno-labrial detachment and defect in the humeral head successful treatment depends upon: i) a block to the exit of the humeral head in front and ii) limitation of external rotation movement.