Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Background

Revision total hip arthroplasty is a technically demanding procedure and especially removing a well fixed femoral stem is a challenge for revision surgeons. There are various types of trochanteric osteotomies used during revision surgery; extended trochanteric osteotomy (ETO) is being more popular.

BACKGROUND

Most closed tibial fractures in children can be treated conservatively. On the occasions that surgical intervention is required, there are various options available to stabilise the fracture. We would like to present our experience of using monolateral external fixators in the management of closed tibial fractures.

Background

Sub-trochanteric fractures are challenging to treat due to various anatomical and biomechanical factors. High tensile forces contribute to the challenge of fracture reduction. Intramedullary nailing has become the treatment of choice. If anatomical reduction is not achieved, any mal-alignment will predispose to implant failure. Open reduction with cerclage wires can add to construct stability and improve the quality of reduction. There is no consensus or classification to guide surgeons on when to perform open reduction, which is often performed intra-operatively when closed reduction fails often with no planning. This can lead to intraoperative delays as theatre staff would not have prepared the correct equipment necessary for open reduction

Background

The factors that are considered to be associated with successful clinical outcome fallowing cervical arthroplasty surgery are patient selection, absence of facet joint changes and lack of pre-operative kyphosis. Even though many studies have cited the pre-operative demographic details of their patient groups, the effect of associated psychological co-morbidities (Depression/Anxiety), smoking history, gender, social benefits and employment status on the clinical outcome measures have not been reported. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of pre-operative patient characteristics on the clinical outcomes following cervical disc replacement.

Introduction

The implantation of DIAM in interspinous space is believed to act as facet joints and provides stability to operated segment by shifting instantaneous axis of rotation forward in lordotic disorders. In this retrospective study, the patients who underwent lumbar surgery with DIAM (Medtronic Sofamor, Danek) spacer implants were followed up with an aim to evaluate the clinical outcomes. To our knowledge, this is the largest series with longest follow up.

Introduction

In the last decade, single level cervical arthroplasty has proven its efficacy as one of the surgical treatment option for for patients suffering from cervical degenerative disc disease. Recent published reports on multilevel cervical arthroplasty using single implants have shown statistically significant results when compared to single level surgery. The aim of this study is to compare the clinical outcomes of multilevel cervical arthroplasty to single level cervical arthroplasty, when more than one type of implants were used.

Introduction

This study aims to evaluate the impact of associated psychological co-morbidities (Depression/Anxiety), smoking history, gender, work benefits and employment status on the clinical outcome following anterior cervical disc replacement (ACDR).

Background

We present the results of a single centre, prospective study to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of anterior cervical decompression and replacement (ACDR) using the NuNec(tm) Cervical Arthroplasty System (Pioneer Surgical Technology, Marquette, Mich., USA).

Aim

The purpose of this study is to compare the pre and post-operative magnetic resonance image clarity of titanium and PEEK based cervical arthroplasty devices at the level of implantation and adjacent level discs.

To assess the clinical and radiological outcome of single and multiple level Anterior Cervical Disc Replacement (ACDR) using Peek-on-peek system. We present the largest series of POPCDR at a single centre.

Thirty-one patients with radiculopathy and/or myelopathy caused by disc generation who did not respond to conservative treatments were included. Pain and function were evaluated by VAS (Visual Analogue Score) for neck (VAS-NP) and arm pain (VAS-AP). Neck disability index (NDI) and SF-36 questionnaires were completed. Disc height and segmental angular correction (SAC) were measured on radiographs pre- and postoperatively.

Seven patients had one-level, fifteen had two-level, seven had three-level and two had four-level ACDR. Sixty-six discs were replaced. Average follow-up was six months.

Mean VAS-NP improved from 7.27 to 3.93 and VAS-AP from 7.27 to 3.4. Mean SF-36 improved from 32.21 to 40.22. There was functional improvement for NDI in all patients.

There was an improvement in SAC from 5.4^° to 8.0^° for one-level, 3.1^° to 7.5^° for two level, 8.4^° to 9.4^° for three-level and 5.8^° to 26.7^° for four-level ACDR.

Post-operative anterior disc height increased by 152% for lower and 55% for higher levels. Similar improvements were noted for posterior disc heights.

Early results show that POPCDR is safe and effective for treatment of symptomatic cervical disc disease. The clinical and radiological outcomes are similar to other types of ACDR reported in literature. POPCDR also allows safe use of MRI during follow-up with fewer artifacts giving it an edge over other systems.

Purpose: To assess the outcomes in consecutive 32 patients of two level cervical disc replacement

Methods: In this article, we report 2-year results of anterior cervical decompression and two level cervical disc replacements (prestige) in 32 patients with a diagnosis of symptomatic cervical spondylosis. Dynamic assessment with lateral radiographs of the cervical spine in flexion/extension was done pre and post op. All of them had partial uni/bilateral uncinectomy, which adds in lateral bending. The median age of all patients was 46 years (range 32–61). Levels of surgery included between seven C3–C7, most common were C5–6, C6–7.

Results: Neck and arm pain as well as disability scores (VAS, ODI and SF36) were significantly improved by 3 months and remained improved at 2 years. Radiography revealed the complete motion (From flexion to extension) at upper disc replacement level of 11% and 9.6% at the lower level. There is a significant decrease of the facet joint articulation overlap in the sagittal plane. As the diameter of socket is slightly larger than the ball in prestige disc replacement, it helps in additional axial movement. There was reduction in motion at the adjacent segments above and below, preventing adjacent segment problems.

Conclusion: Twenty-four months after surgery, patients who underwent two level cervical disc replacements demonstrated greater improvement in neurologic function and neck pain. It helps in restoring sagittal balance, functional outcome of patient because of increased lateral bending, axial rotations and flexion-extension.

Ethics approval: done from appropriate authorities

Interest Statement: There is no local grant, national grant, commercial/industry support for this article. There are no interest or gain from any source for this article.

Purposes: To determine the effect of gravity on outcome in sacral epidurals injected in the prone compared to the lateral position in patients with unilateral back related leg pain.

Methods: A randomised controlled trial with 2 arms. This pilot study was conducted to determine the standard deviation (SD) of the primary outcome measure to allow calculation of a final sample size. Forty patients who met the inclusion/exclusion criteria were randomly allocated to prone or lateral sacral epidural injection. Twenty patients were allocated to the prone and 20 to the left or right lateral position dependent on their radicular back pain. The primary outcome measure of back and leg pain severity was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) (0= none, 10 = worst imaginable). The Oswestry disability index, SF-36 and straight leg raise were also measured. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and at 6 and 12 week follow-up. A repeated measures analysis using mixed model methodology was used to determine statistical significance.

Results: The 2 groups were comparable in gender and age. The prone group had a mean improvement in VAS back pain score at 6 weeks follow-up of 0.5 compared to 1.6 in the lateral group. At 12 weeks follow-up there was a negative response of 0.1 compared to baseline in the prone group and 1.4 improvement in the lateral group. Repeated measures analysis showed no significant difference in back pain scores between the groups at the 5% level (F2,38 = 3.24; P = 0.0797). Similarly mean improvement in VAS leg pain scores at 6 weeks follow-up were 1.4 in the prone group and 1.7 in the lateral group. At 12 weeks follow-up the scores were 1.1 for the prone and 2.4 for the lateral group. Repeated measures analysis showed no significant difference in leg pain scores between the groups (F1,38= 0.76; P = 0.3898). A post-hoc power calculation using the sample VAS SD showed we had reached only 65% power.

Conclusion: This pilot study has shown that sacral epidural injection for sciatica in the lateral position gives superior pain relief compared to the prone position but the difference is not statistically significant. More patients will now be recruited in order to minimise a type II error that may have occurred.

Materials and Methods: Consecutive 39 patients who underwent first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) arthrodesis for hallux rigidus were assessed clinically, radiographically and functionally at a mean follow up of 21.45 months. Clinical assessment was performed by two blinded assessors in a specially arranged research clinic. Radiological examinations were performed separately by two independent researchers on digitalised weight bearing radiographs. Functional outcome was assessed using American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) hallux score and a short form-12 (SF-12) questionnaire.

Results: There were 19 patients who had dorsal contoured titanium plates and 20 patients who had single inter fragmentary screw fixation. Both the groups were comparable preoperatively. All except 5 patients achieved radiological fusion at a mean of 7.64 weeks. Over all rate of fusion in the present series is 87.1%. There were 4 non-unions in the plate group and one in screw group. Mean AOFAS score was 74.94 in the screw group and 70.63 in the plate group. There were no hardware problems in the single screw group. However in the plate group one patient with non-union broke the plate and another patient had back out of screws. There were no statistically significant differences in terms of pain-relief, activity-limitation, cosmetic appearance, foot wear requirements, dorsiflexion angle, hallux-valgus angle and inclination angles and SF 12 scores. Four patients in the plate group and one in screw group were unsatisfied with the surgery.

Conclusions: Solid fusion has resulted in good pain relief and patient satisfaction in both groups. In the dorsal plate group 4 patients (21.6%) had non-unions, two patients had metal problems. We have stopped using the plate alone technique for the fixation of first MTPJ fusion.

Study Design: Prospective Cohort study.

Objective: To prospectively evaluate the Maverick Lumbar Disc Prosthesis (Medtronic, USA) at one year follow-up.

Methods: Prospective analysis of the Maverick Lumbar Disc Prosthesis implanted in the first 30 consecutive patients for the treatment of single-level degenerative disc disease of the lumbar spine resistant to conservative treatment for more than one year.

Subjects: Sixteen females and 14 males with an average age of 44 years and minimum follow-up of 1 year. The prosthesis was implanted at L4-L5 in 18 patients and at L5-S1 in 12.

Outcome Measures: Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) preoperatively and at routine scheduled follow-ups. Radiographic analysis included sagittal balance parameters on standing full length lateral radiographs of the spine and range of motion on flexion/extension dynamic radiographs.

Results: Clinical success (ODI improvement > 15), was 82% and 86%, at 6 months and one year follow-up respectively. The VAS showed an improvement in back pain from 7.1 (+/− 2) pre-operatively to 3.0 (+/− 1.8) post-operatively. At one year there were no device related complications. The measured range of motion in flexion-extension ranged from 3 to 12 degrees (mean range of motion, 6 +/− 4 degrees). There was no significant change in sacral tilt, pelvic tilt, or overall lordosis after disc replacement. In one case the ureter was injured during the approach.

Conclusions: The results of total disc arthroplasty presented here compare favourably with results reported in the literature following ALIF. It appears that the disc prosthesis has enough freedom of motion to allow the patient to maintain normal sagittal and spino-pelvic balance with radiographic evidence of normal range of motion. These early favourable clinical results and the influence on adjacent motion segments can be assessed only after long term follow-up.

Introduction: Vertebroplasty is an established minimally invasive technique, which provides consistent and sustained pain relief in patients with vertebral fractures. However cement extrusion remains a major problem and has been reported to occur in up to 70% of the cases in some reports. Cement extravasations may occur through the Basivertebral vein, the Segmental vein or through cortical defects. Cement leakage may be Epidural, Anterior, Para-vertebral, Intra-discal or distant. Most often cement leakage is asymptomatic but on occasion it may be a serious complication in the form of Cord compression, pulmonary embolism or Neuralgia.

The incidence of cement leakage can be reduced by the use of high viscosity cement, use of a low pressure injection system, injecting small volumes at each level, introducing the cement under visualization and waiting for cement to set before withdrawing the needle.

Patients and Methods: We describe another technique to help in reduction of cement extrusion.

After satisfactory placement of the Jamshidi needle (used for injecting cement), aspiration is attempted using a 20ml Syringe. A slurry, made of very fine pieces of Gel foam mixed with Omnipaque dye and saline, is injected into the vertebral body. This embolizes the blood channels, which are communicating with the needle. Once no more blood can be aspirated, and no dye is seen extruding into the veins, toothpaste consistency cement is injected under low pressure and fluoroscopic guidance. A post-procedure CT scan was performed in all cases to confirm cement location.

Results: 28 patients underwent PV, 24 of these patients had osteoporotic vertebral fractures and 4 had meta-static lesions. Vertebroplasty was done at 56 symptomatic levels. Using this method, Cement leakage was seen at 12 of the 56 levels operated on (21.4%); at 6 levels leakage was into the adjoining disc, leakage anteriorly was seen at 3 levels, there was 1 leakage into the paravertebral tissues and at 2 levels there was a streak of cement into the vertebral canal in 1 via the venous system and in the other through a cortical defect. None of the leakages were symptomatic. Epidural leakage was seen in 2 patients (3.57%).

Conclusion: A slurry of gelfoam, dye and saline injected prior to cement reduces the incidence of cement extrusion, therefore increasing the safety of this effective procedure.

Introduction: Total disc arthroplasty may offer the same clinical benefits as interbody fusion in symptomatic degenerative disc disease, while providing motion that may protect the adjacent level discs from the abnormal and undue stresses associated with fusion.

Objectives: To prospectively review the preliminary results of the Maverick Lumbar Disc Prosthesis (Medtronic, USA) at maximum 2 year follow-up.

Methods: The first 51 patients (26 M, 25F, age 45.5 mean, 53 levels implanted) were prospectively analyzed. Outcome data included the Oswestry Disability Score (ODI), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for back and leg pain and SF-36 preoperatively and at routine scheduled follow-ups. Radiographic analysis included sagittal balance parameters and range of motion of the implanted level.

Results: Clinical success (ODI change > 15, FDA) was 82% and 86%, at 6 months and 1 year follow-up respectively. VAS (back) improved from 7.9 (±1.4) to 3.8 (±2.9), and VAS (leg) from (4.6 ± 3.2) to 3.1 (±3.2). All improvements were statistically significant. Two approach, 2 technique and 2 general related complications occurred. Implanted level range of motion ranged from 3 to 12 degrees (mean 6 ± 4 degrees). There was no significant change in any of the sagittal balance variables studied, but a local realignment of the L4-5 L5-S1 segments was found.

Conclusion: These results compare favorably with the short-term clinical outcomes associated with ALIF. It appears that the prosthesis has enough freedom of motion to allow the patient to maintain the natural sagittal and spino-pelvic balance, with normal range of motion. These early favorable clinical results or the influence on adjacent motion segments can be assessed only after a long term prospective randomized study comparing the Maverick to fusion procedures.