Knee arthrodesis is a potencial salvage procedure for limb preservation in patients with multiple failures of Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) with massive bone loss and extensor mechanism deficiency. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the outcome of bridging knee arthrodesis using a modular and non cemented intramedullary nail in patients with
The aim of this work is to present a clinical case of wrist arthroplasty failure due to chronic infection and try to discuss and draw a therapeutic approach (algorithm) for similar cases taking in consideration the degree of osteolysis, the presence of detachment and inherent instability and the condition of the soft tissues. The authors report a case of an individual, male, 58 years old, manual worker, that appears with pain and inflammatory signs on right wrist arthroplasty, with fistulous track. The revison procedure was performed in 2 stages: the first stage revision consisted on removal the implant, debridement and interposition of cement spacer with antibiotics and immobilization, the second stage revision a radio-metacarpal arthrodesis with plate and interposition of autologous graft harvested. The improvement of the implants in recent years have contributed to the increasing use of arthroplasty as a treatment option with good results. Although it presents itself with an attractive option in terms of future functional capabilities, arthroplasty remains with some risks and have a higher rate of complications in the medium and long term than fusion, so the selection of patients should be careful. The main problem of wrist arthroplasty revision is due to bone stock loose to promote fusion and the shortening after implant removal. At 1,5 years follow-up, we denote a higher patient satisfaction, without pain, radiological fusion and 28 points in DASH score The success of wrist arthroplasty depends on careful patient selection, careful preoperative planning, rigorous technique and an appropriate program of functional rehabilitation. The wrist arthrodesis can always be seen as an ultimate salvation procedure in the treatment of failure of wrist arthroplasty, either a mechanical or infectious failure.
Aim. The cut-off values for synovial fluid leukocyte count and neutrophils differential (%PMN) for differentiating aseptic from
We retrospectively reviewed 161 revision THAs with diaphyseal fitting, mid- modular femoral components performed by ten surgeons at two academic medical centers. The average follow-up was 6.1 years. At final follow-up, 4 patients required re-revision for failure of the femoral component; 3 (2%) for aseptic loosening and 1 for mechanical failure of stem in setting of periprosthetic fracture. There were a total of 24 (14.9%) revisions for any reason, with the most common reason being
Aim. Femoral or tibial massive bone defects (AORI F2B-F3 / T2B-T3) are common in septic total knee replacement. Different surgical techniques are described in literature. In our study we show clinical and radiological results associated with the use of tantalum metaphyseal cones in the management of cavitary bone defects in two-stage complex knee revision. Method. Since 2010 we have implanted 70 tantalum metaphyseal cones associated with constrained or semiconstrained knee prostheses in 47 patients. The indication for revision was periprosthetic knee infection (43 cases, 91.5%) or septic knee arthritis (4 patients, 8.5%) with massive bone defect. All cases underwent a two-stage procedure. Patients were screened for main demographic and surgical data. Clinical and radiological analysis was performed in the preoperative and at 3,6 months, 1 years and each year thereafter in the postoperative. The mean follow-up was 31.1 months ± 18.8. No dropout was observed. Results. Objective and subjective functional scores (KSS, OKS) showed a statistically significant improvement from the preoperative to last follow-up (p <0.001). All cones but one (98.6%) showed radiological osteointegration. We did not find any cone-related intraoperative or postoperative mechanical complication with a 100% survival rate when we consider aseptic loosening as cause of revision. Six non progressive radiolucencies were observed. Two
Introduction: Knee arthrodesis is a well-recognized salvage procedure in patients with septic destruction of the knee joint. If fusion can be achieved, it offers the opportunity for a stable lower limb and eradication of infection, but at the expense of knee motion. However, knee arthrodesis in this setting may be difficult to achieve because of poor bone stock, persistent infection and soft tissue compromise. In this study we present clinical and radiological results after knee fusion as well as an algorithm according to different surgical techniques (hybrid external fixator (HEF), antegrad compression nail (ACN) and modular cement less titanium rod (MCR)) and types of soft tissue damages and bone loss caused by infection. Patients and Methods: Between 10/2000 and 10/2002 in 37 patients knee arthrodesis was indicated after septic joint destruction. In 23 Pat. (67.0 y, 19.4–88,8 y)
Aim. Periprosthetic joint infections are a devastating complication after modular endoprosthetic reconstruction following resection of a musculoskeletal tumour. Due to long operating times, soft tissue dissection and immunosuppression, the infection rate after limb salvage is high and ranges between 8% and 15%. The aim of this retrospective single centre study was to assess the reinfection and re-reinfection rate after septic complications of megaprostheses. Method. In this retrospective study, 627 patients with a primary replacement of a musculoskeletal tumour of the lower limb and reconstruction by a megaprosthesis were recorded from 1983 – 2016. 83 out of 621 patients available for follow-up experienced an infection (13.4%). Two patients were treated with debridement and removal of the mobile parts, 61 patients with a one-stage revision, 16 patients with a two-stage revision, and 4 patients with an amputation. The mean follow up was 133 months (range: 2 – 423 months). Results. The reinfection rates after debridement, one-stage revision, two-stage revision, and amputation were 100% (CI 95%: 20 −100%), 49% (CI 95%: 36 – 62%), 38% (CI 95%: 6 – 76%), and 0%, respectively. A reinfection occurred after a mean of 38,7 months (range: 0 to 201 months). The most commonly isolated microorganisms were coagulase negative Staphylococci, followed by Staphylococcus aureus. A re-reinfection occurred in 100% after debridement, in 44% (CI 95%: 22 – 69%) after one-stage revision, in 55% (CI 95%: 31 – 91%) after two-stage revision, and 0% after amputation. Regarding two-stage revision, there was a statistically significant difference in infection rates between patients treated with complete removal of the megaprosthesis and patients with at least one retained component (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.027). Conclusions.
Among the most critical factors to reducing the risk of infection include the use of pre-incisional antibiotics, appropriate skin preparation with clippers (as opposed to a razor for hair removal) and the use of an alcohol-based skin preparation. Host factors are also likewise critically important including obesity, diabetes, inflammatory arthritis, renal insufficiency, skin disorders and patients who are otherwise immune-compromised. If modifiable risk factors are identified, it would seem reasonable to delay elective surgery until these can be optimised. One other factor to consider is the nutritional status of the patient. In a study of 501 consecutive revisions, we found that serological markers suggestive of malnutrition (albumin, transferrin or total lymphocyte count) were extremely common. Specifically, 53% of patients who presented for treatment of a chronic infection had at least one marker for malnutrition, compared to 33% in the group of patients undergoing revision for an aseptic reason. Malnutrition was found to be an independent risk factor for
Aim. The aim of the study was to assess the accuracy of the alpha defensin lateral flow test for diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) using an optimized diagnostic algorithm and three classification systems. In addition, we compared the performance with synovial fluid leukocyte count, the most sensitive preoperative test. Method. In this prospective multicenter study we included all consecutive patients with painful prosthetic hip and knee joints undergoing diagnostic joint aspiration. Alpha defensin lateral flow test was used according to manufacturer instructions. The following diagnostic criteria were used to confirm infection: Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS), Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and Swiss orthopedics and Swiss Society of Infectious Diseases (SOSSID). In the latter, PJI was confirmed when at least one of following criteria applied: macroscopic purulence, sinus tract, positive cytology of joint aspirate (>2000 leukocytes/μl or >70% granulocytes), histological proof of acute inflammation in periprosthetic tissue, positive culture (from aspirate, tissue or sonication fluid). Infection was classified as chronic, if symptom duration was more than 3 weeks or if infection manifested after more than 1 month after surgery. The sensitivity and specificity of the alpha defensin lateral flow test and leukocyte count in synovial fluid were calculated and compared using McNemar Chi-square test. Results. Of 151 included patients evaluated for painful prosthetic joints (103 involved knees, 48 hips), the median patient age was 69 years (range, 41–94 years) and 75 patients were female. Systematically evaluating the included patients according to the different diagnostic criteria, MSIS and IDSA revealed both 33 patients with PJI (22%), whereas SOSSID disclosed 47
Minimizing the risk of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is of interest to all surgeons performing hip and knee arthroplasty. Among the most critical factors to reducing the risk of infection include the use of pre-incisional antibiotics, appropriate skin preparation with clippers (as opposed to a razor for hair removal) and the use of an alcohol-based skin preparation. Host factors are also likewise critically important including obesity, diabetes, inflammatory arthritis, renal insufficiency, skin disorders and patients who are otherwise immune-compromised. If modifiable risk factors are identified, it would seem reasonable to delay elective surgery until these can be optimised. One other factor to consider is the nutritional status of the patient. In a study of 501 consecutive revisions, we found that serological markers suggestive of malnutrition (albumin, transferrin or total lymphocyte count) were extremely common in the revision population. Specifically, among patients who presented for treatment of a chronic infection, 53% (67 of 126) had at least one marker for malnutrition. The prevalence of serological markers of malnutrition was lower (33%) in the group of patients undergoing revision for an aseptic reason suggesting that malnutrition was a risk factor for
Dislocation is a particular problem after total hip replacement in femoral neck fractures and elderly especially female patients. The increased rate of dislocation in this population is probably due to significant ligamentous laxity in these patients and poor coordination and proprioception. Another population of patients with increased propensity for dislocation is the revision hip replacement patient. Current dislocation rates in these patients can approach 10% with conventional implant systems. The Dual Mobility total hip system is composed of a cobalt chrome acetabular shell with a grit blasted, beaded and/or hydroxyapatite coating to improve bone ingrowth. The polyethylene liner is highly cross-linked polyethylene and fits congruently into the cobalt chrome shell and acts like a large femoral head (usually >40mm). The femoral head attached to the trunnion is usually 28mm or 32mm. The femoral head snaps into the polyethylene liner to acts as a second protection against dislocation. Indications for the Dual Mobility socket are in the high risk for dislocation patient and particularly in elderly female patients. One hundred fifty-six patients with an average age of 79 have been performed to date with a maximum follow up to 4.2 years. To date there have been no mechanical or
Minimizing the risk of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is of interest to all surgeons performing hip and knee arthroplasty. Among the most critical factors to reducing the risk of infection include the use of pre-incisional antibiotics, appropriate skin preparation with clippers (as opposed to a razor for hair removal) and the use of an alcohol-based skin preparation. Host factors are also likewise critically important including obesity, diabetes, inflammatory arthritis, renal insufficiency, skin disorders and patients who are otherwise immune-compromised. If modifiable risk factors are identified, it would seem reasonable to delay elective surgery until these can be optimised. One other factor to consider is the nutritional status of the patient. In a study of 501 consecutive revisions, we found that serological markers suggestive of malnutrition (albumin, transferrin or total lymphocyte count) were extremely common in the revision population. Specifically, among patients who presented for treatment of a chronic infection, 53% (67 of 126) had at least one marker for malnutrition. The prevalence of serological markers of malnutrition was lower (33%) in the group of patients undergoing revision for an aseptic reason suggesting that malnutrition was a risk factor for
The presentations to be discussed by the panel are: 1.) No Increased Risk of Knee Arthroplasty Failure in Metal Hypersensitive Patients: A Matched Cohort Study; 2.) Knee Arthrodesis is Most Likely to Control Infection and Preserve Function Following Failed 2 Stage Procedure for Treatment of Infected TKA: A Decision Tree Analysis; 3.) Does Malnutrition Correlate with
Objectives. The appropriate treatment for chronically infected TKR is controversial. One-stage exchange is believed to be possible only in selected cases, but the respective indications and contra-indications and the criteria of selection are not fully validated. We wanted to test the relevance of the commonly used selection criteria by comparing two groups of patients: the control group operated on with a routine one-stage exchange without selection criteria, and the study group operated on by one stage exchange on selected patients only. We hypothesized that selected one-stage exchange gives fewer failures than routine one-stage exchange procedure. Methods. We performed a retrospective study of 108 cases selected in a database of 600 patients with an infected total knee arthroplasty. The database resulted from a French multicenter trial of specialized surgeons in reference institutions, including all consecutive cases operated on between 2000 and 2010. There were 64 women and 44 men with a mean age of 69 years. All patients were followed-up for a minimal period of two years or when
Revision rates for ankle arthroplasties are higher than hip or knee arthroplasties. When a total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) fails, it can either undergo revision to another ankle replacement, revision of the TAA to ankle arthrodesis (fusion), or amputation. Currently there is a paucity of literature on the outcomes of these revisions. The aim of this meta-analysis is to assess the outcomes of revision TAA with respect to surgery type, functional outcomes, and reoperations. A systematic review was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cinahl, and Cochrane reviews were searched for relevant papers. Papers analyzing surgical treatment for failed ankle arthroplasties were included. All papers were reviewed by two authors. Overall, 34 papers met the inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis of proportions was performed.Aims
Methods
Introduction: Management of bone loss during revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can be challenging. The degree and location of bone loss often dictates the type of prosthesis that can be utilized during revision surgery. The aim of this prospective study was to determine if plain radiographs are adequate in assessing the degree of bone loss around TKA and identify the limitations of plain radiographs for this purpose, if any. Methods: 205 patients undergoing revision TKA at our institution were included. The indication for revision was aseptic failure in 120 patients and
The Osteoprotegerin/RANK/RANKL system has been implicated in the biological cascade of events initiated by particulate wear debris and bacterial infection resulting in periprosthetic bone loss around loosened total hip arthroplasties (THA). Individual responses to such stimuli may be dictated by genetic variation and we have studied the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within these genes. We performed a case control study of the Osteoprotegerin, RANK and RANKL genes for possible association with deep sepsis or aseptic loosening. All patients included in the study were Caucasian and had had a cemented Charnley THA and polyethylene acetabular cup. Cases consisted of 91 patients with early aseptic loosening and 71 patients with microbiological evidence at surgery of deep infection. Controls consisted of 150 THAs that were clinically asymptomatic for over 10 years and demonstrated no radiographic features of aseptic loosening. DNA samples from all individuals were genotyped using Taqman allelic discrimination. The A allele (p<0.001) and homozygous genotype A/A (p<0.001) for the OPG-163 SNP were highly associated with aseptic failure. Additionally, the RANK-575 (C/T SNP) T allele (p=0.004) and T/T genotype (p=0.008) frequencies were associated with aseptic failure. No statistically significant relationship was found between aseptic loosening and the OPG- 245 or OPG-1181 SNPs. When the septic group was compared to controls, the frequency of the A allele (p<0.001) and homozygous genotype A/A (p<0.001) for the OPG-163 SNP were statistically significant. No statistically significant relationship was found between
Introduction: Hip resurfacing arthroplasty is increasing in popularity, particularly in young and active patients. One unique advantage is retention of upper femoral bone stock with the hypothesis of easy revision should the resurfacing fail. The pupose of this study was to document the complexity or otherwise of our early experience with failed hip resurfacing. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all the patients who had revision surgery for failed hip resurfacing arthroplasty at our institution. Results: Eleven patients with mean age of 52.8 years underwent revision of resurfacing at a mean time of 21.2 months following primary surgery. Revision was performed for deep infection in 4, cup loosening in 4 and 1 patient each for femoral neck fracture, avascular necrosis, and femoral loosening. For the 4 patients with cup loosening, the acetabular component was revised in 3 using a dysplasia Birmingham cup while 1 patient had both components revised. Of the 4 patients with deep infection, 3 had both components revised as one-stage revision with cemented components and 1 patient had a pseudarthosis. For the 3 cases with femoral loosening, neck fracture or avascular necrosis only the femoral component was revised using a cemented stem. Bone grafting was performed in 1 patient who had revision for loosening of acetabular cup with protrusio. Conclusion: Acetabular failure appears to be equally common as femoral failure in resurfacing arthroplasty. Revision of both aseptic and
Introduction:. Deep infection after total joint arthroplasty is a devastating complication with reported incidence of 1–3% with projection to increase to 6.8% by 2030. The direct costs of revision surgery due to