Abstract
Amniotic membrane (AM) and amnion/chorion foetal membranes (ACM) are mainly composed of collagen & laminin layers and constitute relatively new materials to the dental market. They have proven effective for periodontal treatments such as Guided Tissue Regeneration (GTR) [1–3].
Based on our expertise in the field of lyophilisation & securisation of human bone allograft (Phoenix® process), we aimed to develop our own process applied to ACM and to control its in vivoefficacy in GTR indication.
Human placentas were donated under informed consent. ACM were separated from placenta and processed with a proprietary AMTRIX (TBF) Process. Resulting product was called ACMTRIX.
The effectiveness of ACMTRIX in GTR was evaluated using an in vivorat calvaria defect model as followed:
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Empty defect (2 animals),
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ACMTRIX apposed onto the defect (4 animals),
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3 Bone substitutes (allogenic – mineralized cortical bone powder (Phoenix®); demineralized cancellous bone powder mixed with hydroxyapatite and demineralized bone matrix (DBM) cancellous block) filled in the defect and covered by ACMTRIX (4 animals).
One animal per study group was sacrificed after 8 weeks, all others after 8 weeks.
Evaluations were performed by: macroscopic observations, X Ray micro-CT, and histological analysis.
For all groups using ACMTRIX, no major sign of inflammation were observed macroscopically and histologically. Moreover, bone tissue was already mature from 8 weeks and bone filling was slight to moderate.
The higher mean rate of mineralization was obtained for the group associating DBM cancellous block + ACMTRIX.
Although a xenogenic material, ACMTRIX was very well integrated without significant inflammatory reaction compared to empty defect and fully integrated in subcutaneous area.
The mineralization was superior with DBM cancellous block probably thanks to the stabilization of the material in the defect. Used alone, ACMTRIX has no osteogenic potential.
In conclusion, ACMTRIX has the potential to function as barrier for GTR and the unique properties associated with this material can augment its potential as a matrix for periodontal regeneration.
