Abstract
Bone fractures are highly observed clinical situation in orthopaedic treatments. In some cases, there might be non-union problems. Therefore, recent studies have focused on tissue engineering applications as alternative methods to replace surgical procedures. Various biopolymer based scaffolds are produced using different fabrication techniques for bone tissue engineering applications.
In this study, hydroxyapatite (HAp) and loofah containing carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) scaffolds were prepared. In this regard, first 4 ml of CMC solution, 0.02 g of hydroxyapatite (HAP) and 0.06 g of poly (ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) were mixed in an ultrasonic bath until the HAp powders were suspended. Next, 0.04 g of loofah was added to the suspension and with the help of PEGDE as the cross-linking agent, then, the mixture was allowed to cross-link at 40oC overnight. Finally, the three-dimensional, porous and sponge-like scaffolds were obtained after lyophilization (TELSTAR - LyoQuest −85) at 0.1 mbar and −25°C for 2 days.
Morphologies, chemical structures and thermal properties of the scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), respectively. In addition, swelling behavior and mechanical properties of the scaffolds under compression loading were determined.
In order to investigate biocompatibility of the scaffolds, WST-1 colorimetric assay at days 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 was conducted by using human dermal fibroblast. Also, histological and morphological analysis were performed for cell attachment at day 7.
In conclusion, the produced scaffolds showed no cytotoxic effect. Therefore, they can be considered as a candidate scaffold for bone tissue regeneration. Further studies will be performed by using bone marrow and periosteum derived mesenchymal stem cells with these scaffolds.
