Abstract
Introduction
The medical field has long held largely anecdotal beliefs that polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) vapors are dangerous to a growing fetus, and as such, women who are pregnant should avoid exposure. This study investigates the perceptions of female orthopedic surgeons regarding PMMA cement exposure during pregnancy, and if it influences 1) currently held beliefs / practices and 2) clinical and career choices.
Methods
A 23-question survey was distributed via e-mail to active members of the Ruth Jackson Orthopaedic Society and a private social media group for women in orthopedics. Questions included demographics, current usage of PMMA, previous exposure during pregnancy and/or breastfeeding, and beliefs regarding current or future willingness of exposure. Additionally, questions were asked regarding PMMA training and whether beliefs influenced specialty choices.
Results
There were 278 survey responses received, of which 256 met inclusion criteria. 73% currently utilize PMMA in training/practice, and >90% of survey respondents reported awareness of risks surrounding PMMA in pregnancy. PMMA training was found to have a weak positive correlation with those who remained in the room while pregnant. 43.6% would leave the room in the future if PMMA were being used while they were pregnant, with 26.2% leaving if they were breastfeeding. 24.9% would leave if they were the primary surgeon on the case, and 8.4% admitted that PMMA exposure during pregnancy factored into which subspecialty they chose.
Conclusion
This survey demonstrates a lack of consensus amongst female orthopedic surgeons regarding the risks posed by remaining in a room during pregnancy and breastfeeding while PMMA is used. Despite 90% of respondents claiming awareness of the risks of PMMA, beliefs and education practices should be examined to determine if they match the available literature. It is plausible that beliefs regarding this exposure are deterring individuals from pursuing specialties where PMMA is used regularly.
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