Efficacy versus effectiveness in clinical trials

Professor of Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery

University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7UD, UK.

Matthew.costa@ndorms.ox.ac.uk

Associate Professor of Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery, Oxford Trauma, Kadoorie Centre, NDORMS

University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7UD, UK.

Statistician, Statistics and Epidemiology, Warwick Medical School

University of Warwick, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.

OCTRU Senior Health Economist, OCTRU, NDORMS

University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7HE, UK.

NIHR Clinician Scientist, Institute of Translational Medicine

University of Liverpool, Easton Rd, Liverpool, L12 2AP, UK.