Abstract
Introduction: Arthrography and synovial fluid punction are two investigations easily combined as a diagnostic tool for the detection of (a)septic loosening of arthroplasties: diagnostic imaging; X-ray guided injection of iodine-containing contrast agents in (artificial)joints and synovial fluid puncture for microbiological diagnostics. The contrast agent is present in the fluid puncture for culturing. Free iodine is bactericidal, hence the assumption that the iodine causes fault negative culture results.
The older literature (1960–1982) partially supports this assumption and iodine contrast agents have been modernized considerately.
Is the effect the modern contrast agents have on the micro-organisms the cause of the fault negative culture results?
Method: The influence of modern widely used iodine containing contrast agents (Omnipaque1, Visipaque2, UltraVist3, Xenetix4) and two 30 year old agents (Hexabrix5 en Telebrix6) on the growth of the following relevant prosthesis infection causing micro-organisms were examined:
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Staphylococcus aureus
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Staphylococcus epidermidis
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Enterococcus faecalis
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Streptococcus pyogenes
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Bacillus cereus
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Escherichia coli (E. coli)
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Candida albicans
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Corynebacterium jeikeium
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Propionibacterium acnes
Three different techniques were used: a disk diffusion test (classical resistance determination) and time-killing curves tests with a high inoculum (1,5*108 cfe/ml) and a low inoculum (10*3 cfe/ml) at 0, 2 and 24 hours.
Results: Disk diffusion tests: no contrast agent affected the growth of micro-organisms.
The high and low inoculum tests: only the combinations Telebrix with both P. aeruginosa and E. coli showed any growth inhibition but a non-significant (p = 0.07) growth inhibition of log-1. This however, did not impede the detection of these bacteria.
And with all other combinations there was no significant inhibition compared to the saline control and in every combination the percentage surviving number of bacteria was always higher than 30%.
Conclusion: Modern contrast agents do not seem to have a significant inhibitory effect on micro-organisms. They do not seem to be the cause of the fault negative synovial fluid culture results.
Correspondence should be addressed to Vienna Medical Academy, Alser Strasse 4, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Phone: +43 1 4051383 0, Fax: +43 1 4078274, Email: ebjis2009@medacad.org
References:
1 Omnipaque, GE Healthcare B.V., Eindhoven Google Scholar
2 Visipaque, GE Healthcare B.V., Eindhoven Google Scholar
3 UltraVist, Bayer B.V., Mijdrecht Google Scholar
4 Xenetix, Guerbet Nederland B.V., Gorinchem Google Scholar
5 Hexabrix, Guerbet Nederland B.V., Gorinchem Google Scholar
6 Telebrix, Guerbet Nederland B.V., Gorinchem Google Scholar
