DISTAL TIBIAL BONE LOSS INVOLVING ANKLE RECONSTRUCTION USING THE ILIZAROV TECHNIQUE

Abstract

Distal tibial bone loss involving the ankle is a devastating injury with few options for reconstruction. The purpose of our study was to look at the long term results of ilizarov technique used to achieve lengthening of tibia and fusion at the ankle.

17 cases (16 post traumatic and one post tumor resection) admitted to one institution between 1994 and 2003. 13 cases were done in bifocal and four in trifocal mode.

The duration of follow up was 12 to 84 months The average age was 33 years (Range 7–71). The mean length of the defect was 4.5 cm (Range 1–12).

Union of the fusion site occurred in 88% (15/17) of the patients with mean duration to docking and union being 8 months. The mean time in fixator was 13 months (Range 5 to 29).

Average number of surgeries per patient was 3.2. Five patients required free vascularised grafts before the index procedure and 4 patients required realignment at the docking site. Functional results – Fourteen (77.5%) of the patients could walk without support or bracing and twelve patients (71%) returned to same or modified occupation.

Complications – Two non-union.

Deformity – Fusion site equinus deformity occurred with non union after re-fracture in one case. There were 2 cases of residual fore-foot equinus.

Residual low grade infection with discharging sinus was present in two patients. One patient needed change of wires for Pin tract infection.

Our study showed 76% good and excellent scores on functional scoring but also demonstrates the high morbidity associated with this procedure. In spite of the steep learning curve and high complication rates the procedure can be undertaken in specialised centers for highly motivated patients to achieve good functional results.