Abstract
Introduction and aims: There is a recent trend of using a raft of small diameter 3.5 mm cortical screws instead of the large diameter 6.5mm screws in depressed tibial plateau fractures (Schatzker type 3). Our aim was to compare the biomechanical properties of these two constructs in the normal and osteoporotic sawbone model.
Methods: 10 sawbone (solid rigid polyurethane foam) blocks with a density simulating that of an osteoporotic bone and 10 blocks of a density simulating normal bone were obtained. A Schatzker type 3 fracture was created in each block. The fracture fragments were then elevated and supported using 2, 6.5mm cancellous screws in 10 blocks and 4, 3.5mm cortical screws in the remaining.
The models were loaded to failure using a Lloyd’s machine. A displacement (depression) of 5mm was taken to be the point of failure. A load displacement curve was plotted using Nexygen software and the force needed to cause a depression of 5mm was calculated in each block. Mann Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis.
Results: Osteoporotic model
The mean force needed to produce a depression of 5mm was 700.8N with the 4-screw construct and 512.4N with the 2 screw construct. This difference was statistically significant (p=0.007).
Non-osteoporotic model
The mean force requires to produce the same depression was 1878.2N with the 2-screw construct and 1938.2N with the 4 screw construct. The difference was not statistically significant (p=0.42).
An increased fragmentation of the sawbone fragments was noticed with the 2-screw construct but not with the 4-screw construct.
Conclusion: A raft of 4, 3.5 mm cortical screws is biomechanically stronger than 2, 6.5mm cancellous screws in resisting axial compression in osteoporotic bone.
Correspondence should be addressed to Mr Carlos Wigderowitz, Senior Lecturer, University Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY.
