Abstract
1. Experience with a refined type of implantable electrode for the myo-electric control of externally powered prostheses is reported.
2. The electrodes are externally energised by electromagnetic induction and therefore do not contain any battery cells. The myo-potentials are transmitted in frequency-modulated form and detected by a receiver placed on the skin. The implantable electrode, measuring 5x11x4 millimetres, is encapsulated in epoxy resin.
3. Six electrodes have been implanted in the forearms of two normal subjects and two below-elbow amputees. The time of implantation ranged from three to fifteen months. Macroscopically, a fibrous capsule developed around the electrodes. Histological examination showed a capsule of granulation tissue of varying thickness with slight inflammatory reaction and foreign-body giant cells.
4. In all cases except one the signals received have been of high quality as ascertained by conventional electromyography and frequency analysis. There has been no significant deterioration in signal quality during the follow-up periods.
5. The major source of failure was fatigue fracture of the gold wires making contact with the body tissues. In one case, however, the electrode was still functioning normally at the time of removal fifteen months after insertion.
6. The patients have not been inconvenienced either by the operative procedures or by the presence of the electrodes in the tissues.
