We have reviewed the long-term results of 22 patients (23 fusions) with fractures of the os calcis, who had subtalar arthrodesis with correction of the deformity between 1975 and 1991. The mean follow-up was nine years (5 to 20). All patients were evaluated according to a modified foot score. A radiological assessment was used in which linear and angular variables were measured including the fibulocalcaneal abutment, the height of the heel and
A local injection may be used as an early option in the treatment of Morton’s neuroma, and can be performed using various medications. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of injections of hyaluronic acid compared with corticosteroid in the treatment of this condition. A total of 91 patients were assessed for this trial, of whom 45 were subsequently included and randomized into two groups. One patient was lost to follow-up, leaving 22 patients (24 feet) in each group. The patients in the hyaluronic acid group were treated with three ultrasound-guided injections (one per week) of hyaluronic acid (Osteonil Plus). Those in the corticosteroid group were treated with three ultrasound-guided injections (also one per week) of triamcinolone (Triancil). The patients were evaluated before treatment and at one, three, six, and 12 months after treatment. The primary outcome measure was the visual analogue scale for pain (VAS). Secondary outcome measures included the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, and complications.Aims
Methods
We dissected 12 fresh-frozen leg specimens to
identify the insertional footprint of each fascicle of the Achilles tendon
on the calcaneum in relation to their corresponding muscles. A further
ten embalmed specimens were examined to confirm an observation on
the retrocalcaneal bursa. The superficial part of the insertion
of the Achilles tendon is represented by fascicles from the medial
head of the gastrocnemius muscle, which is inserted over the entire
width of the inferior facet of the calcaneal tuberosity. In three
specimens this insertion was in continuity with the plantar fascia
in the form of periosteum. The deep part of the insertion of the
Achilles tendon is made of fascicles from the soleus tendon, which
insert on the medial aspect of the middle facet of the calcaneal
tuberosity, while the fascicles of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius
tendon insert on the lateral aspect of the middle facet of the calcaneal
tuberosity. A bicameral retrocalcaneal bursa was present in 15 of
the 22 examined specimens. This new observation and description of the insertional footprint
of the Achilles tendon and the retrocalcaneal bursa may allow a
better understanding of the function of each muscular part of the
gastrosoleus complex. This may have clinical relevance in the treatment
of Achilles tendinopathies. Cite this article:
In recent years, the plantaris tendon has been
implicated in the development of chronic painful mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy.
In some cases, a thickened plantaris tendon is closely associated
with the Achilles tendon, and surgical excision of the plantaris
tendon has been reported to be curative in patients who have not
derived benefit following conservative treatment and surgical interventions. The aim of this review is to outline the basic aspects of, and
the recent research findings, related to the plantaris tendon, covering
anatomical and clinical studies including those dealing with histology,
imaging and treatment. Cite this article
