Aims.
Aims. Acquired heterotopic ossification (HO) is a debilitating disease characterized by abnormal extraskeletal bone formation within soft-tissues after injury. The exact pathogenesis of HO remains unknown. It was reported that BRD4 may contribute to osteoblastic differentiation. The current study aims to determine the role of BRD4 in the pathogenesis of HO and whether it could be a potential target for HO therapy. Methods.
Tendon is a bradytrophic and hypovascular tissue, hence, healing remains a major challenge. The molecular key events involved in successful repair have to be unravelled to develop novel strategies that reduce the risk of unfavourable outcomes such as non-healing, adhesion formation, and scarring. This review will consider the diverse pathophysiological features of tendon-derived cells that lead to failed healing, including misrouted differentiation (e.g. de- or transdifferentiation) and premature cell senescence, as well as the loss of functional progenitors. Many of these features can be attributed to disturbed cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) or unbalanced soluble mediators involving not only resident tendon cells, but also the cross-talk with immigrating immune cell populations. Unrestrained post-traumatic inflammation could hinder successful healing. Pro-angiogenic mediators trigger hypervascularization and lead to persistence of an immature repair tissue, which does not provide sufficient mechano-competence. Tendon repair tissue needs to achieve an ECM composition, structure, strength, and stiffness that resembles the undamaged highly hierarchically ordered tendon ECM. Adequate mechano-sensation and -transduction by tendon cells orchestrate ECM synthesis, stabilization by cross-linking, and remodelling as a prerequisite for the adaptation to the increased mechanical challenges during healing. Lastly, this review will discuss, from the cell biological point of view, possible optimization strategies for augmenting
Objectives. Inflammation of the retrocalcaneal bursa (RB) is a common clinical problem, particularly in professional athletes. RB inflammation is often treated with corticosteroid injections however a number of reports suggest an increased risk of
Aims. This prospective cohort study aims to determine if the size of
the tendon gap following acute rupture of the
Aims. The gold standard for percutaneous
Objectives. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hyperglycaemia on oxidative stress markers and inflammatory and matrix gene expression within tendons of normal and diabetic rats and to give insights into the processes involved in tendinopathy. Methods. Using tenocytes from normal Sprague-Dawley rats, cultured both in control and high glucose conditions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, cell proliferation, messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of NADPH oxidase (NOX) 1 and 4, interleukin-6 (IL-6), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and -2 and type I and III collagens were determined after 48 and 72 hours in vitro. In an in vivo study, using diabetic rats and controls, NOX1 and 4 expressions in
A total of seven patients (six men and one woman)
with a defect in the
We hypothesised that a minimally invasive peroneus
brevis tendon transfer would be effective for the management of
a chronic rupture of the
Aims. Our aim was to describe the mid-term appearances of the repair
process of the
Objectives. The goals of this study were: 1) to determine if high-fat diet
(HFD) feeding in female mice would negatively impact biomechanical
and histologic consequences on the
Objectives. After an injury, the biological reattachment of tendon to bone is a challenge because healing takes place between a soft (tendon) and a hard (bone) tissue. Even after healing, the transition zone in the enthesis is not completely regenerated, making it susceptible to re-injury. In this study, we aimed to regenerate
Thirteen patients with ruptures of the
We have reviewed 106 patients after treatment for spontaneous rupture of the
Aims. Flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon transfer is a well-recognized
technique in the treatment of the neglected tendo Achillis (TA)
rupture. Patients and Methods. We report a retrospective review of 20/32 patients who had undergone
transtendinous FHL transfer between 2003 and 2011 for chronic TA
rupture. Their mean age at the time of surgery was 53 years (22
to 83). The mean time from rupture to surgery was seven months (1
to 36). The mean postoperative follow-up was 73 months (29 to 120).
Six patients experienced postoperative wound complications. Results. The mean postoperative
The microvascular anatomy of the
We report the use of a simple new technique for the repair of recent and old, neglected disruptions of the
A new method of repair of the
Ruptures of the
Thirty-three consecutive patients with complete ruptures of the