The number of convolutional neural networks (CNN) available for fracture detection and classification is rapidly increasing. External validation of a CNN on a temporally separate (separated by time) or geographically separate (separated by location) dataset is crucial to assess generalizability of the CNN before application to clinical practice in other institutions. We aimed to answer the following questions: are current CNNs for fracture recognition externally valid?; which methods are applied for external validation (EV)?; and, what are reported performances of the EV sets compared to the internal validation (IV) sets of these CNNs? The PubMed and Embase databases were systematically searched from January 2010 to October 2020 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The type of EV, characteristics of the external dataset, and diagnostic performance characteristics on the IV and EV datasets were collected and compared. Quality assessment was conducted using a seven-item checklist based on a modified Methodologic Index for NOn-Randomized Studies instrument (MINORS).Aims
Methods
The Postgraduate Medical Education and Training Board wants either ‘run through’ or ‘uncoupled’
The poor reporting and use of statistical methods in
Objectives. The period of post-operative treatment before surgical wounds
are completely closed remains a key window, during which one can
apply new technologies that can minimise complications. One such
technology is the use of negative pressure wound therapy to manage
and accelerate healing of the closed incisional wound (incisional
NPWT). . Methods. We undertook a literature review of this emerging indication
to identify evidence within
Several aspects of the management of an
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a ubiquitous bacterium in both the hospital and community setting. There are two major subclassifications of MRSA, community-acquired and healthcare-acquired, each with differing pathogenicity and management. MRSA is increasingly responsible for infections in otherwise healthy, active adults. Local outbreaks affect both professional and amateur athletes and there is increasing public awareness of the issue. Health-acquired MRSA has major cost and outcome implications for patients and hospitals. The increasing prevalence and severity of MRSA means that the
Aims. Supracondylar fractures are the most frequently occurring paediatric
fractures about the elbow and may be associated with a neurovascular
injury. The British
Radiological imaging is necessary in a wide variety
of trauma and elective orthopaedic operations. The evolving orthopaedic
workforce includes an increasing number of pregnant workers. Current
legislation in the United Kingdom, Europe and United States allows
them to choose their degree of participation, if any, with fluoroscopic procedures.
For those who wish to engage in radiation-prone procedures, specific
regulations apply to limit the radiation dose to the pregnant worker
and unborn child. This paper considers those aspects of radiation protection, the
potential effects of exposure to radiation in pregnancy and the
dose of radiation from common
Aims. Computer hexapod assisted
Although mechanical stabilisation has been a hallmark of
Using inaccurate quotations can propagate misleading
information, which might affect the management of patients. The
aim of this study was to determine the predictors of quotation inaccuracy
in the peer-reviewed
Knee arthroplasty surgery is a highly effective treatment for arthritis and disorders of the knee. There are a wide variety of implant brands and types of knee arthroplasty available to surgeons. As a result of a number of highly publicized failures, arthroplasty surgery is highly regulated in the UK and many other countries through national registries, introduced to monitor implant performance, surgeons, and hospitals. With time, the options available within many brand portfolios have grown, with alternative tibial or femoral components, tibial insert materials, or shapes and patella resurfacings. In this study we have investigated the effect of the expansion of implant brand portfolios and where there may be a lack of transparency around a brand name. We also aimed to establish the potential numbers of compatible implant construct combinations. Hypothetical implant brand portfolios were proposed, and the number of compatible implant construct combinations was calculated.Aims
Methods
Polymethylmethacrylate remains one of the most enduring materials in
Payments by the NHS Litigation Authority continue to rise each year, and reflect an increase in successful claims for negligence against NHS Trusts. Information about the reasons for which Trusts are sued in the field of trauma and
Torus fractures are the most common childhood fracture, accounting for 500,000 UK emergency attendances per year. UK treatment varies widely due to lack of scientific evidence. This is the protocol for a randomized controlled equivalence trial of ‘the offer of a soft bandage and immediate discharge’ versus ‘rigid immobilization and follow-up as per the protocol of the treating centre’ in the treatment of torus fractures . Children aged four to 15-years-old inclusive who have sustained a torus/buckle fracture of the distal radius with/without an injury to the ulna are eligible to take part. Baseline pain as measured by the Wong Baker FACES pain scale, function using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) upper limb, and quality of life (QoL) assessed with the EuroQol EQ-5D-Y will be collected. Each patient will be randomly allocated (1:1, stratified by centre and age group (four to seven years and ≥ eight years) to either a regimen of the offer of a soft bandage and immediate discharge or rigid immobilization and follow-up as per the protocol of the treating centre.Aims
Methods
Aims. In this prospective observational study, we investigated the
time-dependent changes and correlations of upper arm performance
tests (ten-second test and Simple Test for Evaluating Hand Function
(STEF), the Japanese
Although the importance of sound statistical principles in the design and analysis of data has gained prominence in recent years, biostatistics, the application of statistics to the analysis of biological and medical data, is still a subject which is poorly understood and often mishandled. This review introduces, in the context of
The use of ultrasound-guided wire localisation of lesions is not well described in the