The aim of this study was to estimate the clinical and economic burden of dislocation following primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) in England. This retrospective evaluation used data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink database. Patients were eligible if they underwent a primary THA (index date) and had medical records available 90 days pre-index and 180 days post-index. Bilateral THAs were excluded. Healthcare costs and resource use were evaluated over two years. Changes (pre- vs post-THA) in generic quality of life (QoL) and joint-specific disability were evaluated. Propensity score matching controlled for baseline differences between patients with and without THA dislocation.Aims
Methods
We describe a new operative procedure for patients with chronic trochanteric bursitis. Between March 1994 and May 2000, a trochanteric reduction osteotomy was performed on ten patients (12 hips). All had received
Failure of
We compared the long-term outcome in 61 patients (62 fractures) treated operatively or conservatively for an acute fracture of the carpal scaphoid. A total of 30 fractures was randomised to
We report four children aged two to nine years with traumatic tears of the transverse ligament of the atlas and atlanto-axial subluxation. This is extremely rare in this age group since trauma usually causes a skeletal rather than a ligamentous injury. The injuries resulted from falls or motor vehicle accidents, with considerable delay in diagnosis. Flexion radiographs showed atlas-dens intervals (ADI) of 6, 7, 8 and 13 mm; all four patients were treated by posterior fusion at C1-C2 after the failure of
1. Twenty-eight patients subjected to excision of the coccyx for coccygeal pain during the last ten years have been reviewed. 2. No constant means of selection appears to have been used in recommending these patients for operation, and, in retrospect, no factor in the history or examination emerges as reliable for making such selection in the future. 3. Operation may be recommended as likely to provide a cure in about 45 per cent and to give worthwhile relief in another 45 per cent of cases. 4. When
Acute angulation at the thoracolumbar junction
with segmental subluxation of the spine occurring at the level above
an anteriorly hypoplastic vertebra in otherwise normal children
is a rare condition described as infantile developmental thoracolumbar
kyphosis. Three patient series with total of 18 children have been
reported in the literature. We report five children who presented
with thoracolumbar kyphosis and discuss the treatment algorithm. We
reviewed the medical records and spinal imaging at initial clinical
presentation and at minimum two-year follow-up. The mean age at
presentation was eight months (two to 12). All five children had
L2 anterior vertebral body hypoplasia. The kyphosis improved spontaneously
in three children kept under monitoring. In contrast, the deformity
was progressive in two patients who were treated with bracing. The
kyphosis and segmental subluxation corrected at latest follow-up
(mean age 52 months; 48 to 60) in all patients with near complete
reconstitution of the anomalous vertebra. The deformity and radiological
imaging on a young child can cause anxiety to both parents and treating
physicians. Diagnostic workup and treatment algorithm in the management
of infantile developmental thoracolumbar kyphosis is proposed. Observation
is indicated for non-progressive kyphosis and bracing if there is evidence
of kyphosis and segmental subluxation deterioration beyond walking
age. Surgical stabilisation of the spine can be reserved for severe
progressive deformities unresponsive to
The use of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF)
to stimulate bone growth has been recommended as an alternative to
the surgical treatment of ununited scaphoid fractures, but has never
been examined in acute fractures. We hypothesised that the use of
PEMF in acute scaphoid fractures would accelerate the time to union
by 30% in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre
trial. A total of 53 patients in three different medical centres
with a unilateral undisplaced acute scaphoid fracture were randomly
assigned to receive either treatment with PEMF (n = 24) or a placebo
(n = 29). The clinical and radiological outcomes were assessed at
four, six, nine, 12, 24 and 52 weeks. A log-rank analysis showed that neither time to clinical and
radiological union nor the functional outcome differed significantly
between the groups. The clinical assessment of union indicated that
at six weeks tenderness in the anatomic snuffbox (p = 0.03) as well
as tenderness on longitudinal compression of the scaphoid (p = 0.008) differed
significantly in favour of the placebo group. We conclude that stimulation of bone growth by PEMF has no additional
value in the
We have compared three different methods of treating
symptomatic non-traumatic tears of the supraspinatus tendon in patients
above 55 years of age. A total of 180 shoulders (173 patients) with
supraspinatus tendon tears were randomly allocated into one of three
groups (each of 60 shoulders); physiotherapy (group 1), acromioplasty and
physiotherapy (group 2) and rotator cuff repair, acromioplasty and
physiotherapy (group 3). The Constant score was assessed and followed
up by an independent observer pre-operatively and at three, six
and twelve months after the intervention. Of these, 167 shoulders were available for assessment at one
year (follow-up rate of 92.8%). There were 55 shoulders in group
1 (24 in males and 31 in females, mean age 65 years (55 to 79)),
57 in group 2 (29 male and 28 female, mean age 65 years (55 to 79))
and 55 shoulders in group 3 (26 male and 29 female, mean age 65
years (55 to 81)). There were no between-group differences in the
Constant score at final follow-up: 74.1 (. sd. 14.2), 77.2
(. sd. 13.0) and 77.9 (. sd. 12.1) in groups 1, 2 and
3, respectively (p = 0.34). The mean change in the Constant score
was 17.0, 17.5, and 19.8, respectively (p = 0.34). These results
suggest that at one-year follow-up, operative treatment is no better than
conservative treatment with regard to non-traumatic supraspinatus
tears, and that
There has been an increasing use of early operative fixation for scaphoid fractures, despite uncertain evidence. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate up-to-date evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs), comparing the effectiveness of the operative and nonoperative treatment of undisplaced and minimally displaced (≤ 2 mm displacement) scaphoid fractures. A systematic review of seven databases was performed from the dates of their inception until the end of March 2021 to identify eligible RCTs. Reference lists of the included studies were screened. No language restrictions were applied. The primary outcome was the patient-reported outcome measure of wrist function at 12 months after injury. A meta-analysis was performed for function, pain, range of motion, grip strength, and union. Complications were reported narratively.Aims
Methods
Axial radiographs were obtained under valgus and external rotation stress at 45° of knee flexion with and without contraction of the quadriceps muscle in order to assess the dynamics of patellar subluxation or dislocation. The radiography was performed on 82 knees in 61 patients with patellofemoral instability, and on 44 normal knees. The lateral patellofemoral angle and the congruence angle were measured and compared with the conventional Merchant views. Both parameters showed greater differences between symptomatic and normal knees on the stress radiographs obtained without quadriceps contraction. There was a major difference in the lateral patellofemoral angles between the groups, which clearly distinguished symptomatic knees from normal controls. Congruence angles on stress radiography had a significant correlation with the functional scores obtained after a period of
Iliacus haematoma is a relatively rare condition, which may cause a local compressive neuropathy. It is usually diagnosed in adults with haemophilia or those on anticoagulation treatment and may occur after trauma. We present the case of a healthy 15-year-old boy with a femoral neuropathy due to an iliacus haematoma which resolved following
Both conservative and operative forms of treatment
have been recommended for patients with a ‘floating shoulder’. We
compared the results of conservative and operative treatment in
25 patients with this injury and investigated the use of the glenopolar
angle (GPA) as an indicator of the functional outcome. A total of
13 patients (ten male and three female; mean age 32.5 years (24.7
to 40.4)) were treated conservatively and 12 patients (ten male
and two female; mean age 33.67 years (24.6 to 42.7)) were treated
operatively by fixation of the clavicular fracture alone. Outcome
was assessed using the Herscovici score, which was also related
to changes in the GPA at one year post-operatively. The mean Herscovici score was significantly better three months
and two years after the injury in the operative group (p <
0.001
and p = 0.003, respectively). There was a negative correlation between
the change in GPA and the Herscovici score at two years follow-up
in both the conservative and operative groups, but neither were
statistically significant
(r = -0.295 and r = -0.19, respectively). There was a significant
difference between the pre- and post-operative GPA in the operative
group (p = 0.017). When compared with
Lumbar disc prolapse is a frequent indication for surgery. The few available long-term follow-up studies focus mainly on repeated surgery for recurrent disease. The aim of this study was to analyze all reasons for additional surgery for patients operated on for a primary lumbar disc prolapse. We retrieved data from the Swedish spine register about 3,291 patients who underwent primary surgery for a lumbar disc prolapse between January 2007 and December 2008. These patients were followed until December 2020 to record all additional lumbar spine operations and the reason for them.Aims
Methods
Proximal humeral fractures (PHFs) are common. There is increasing evidence that most of these fractures should be treated conservatively. However, recent studies have shown an increase in use of operative treatment. The aim of this study was to identify the trends in the incidence and methods of treatment of PHFs in Finland. The study included all Finnish inhabitants aged ≥ 16 years between 1997 and 2019. All records, including diagnostic codes for PHFs and all surgical procedure codes for these fractures, were identified from two national registers. Data exclusion criteria were implemented in order to identify only acute PHFs, and the operations performed to treat them.Aims
Methods
The August 2012 Shoulder &
Elbow Roundup. 360. looks at: platelet-rich fibrin matrix and the torn rotator cuff; ultrasound, trainees, and ducks out of water; the torn rotator cuff and
The aim of the study was to determine if there was a direct correlation between the pain and disability experienced by patients and size of their disc prolapse, measured by the disc’s cross-sectional area on T2 axial MRI scans. Patients were asked to prospectively complete visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores on the day of their MRI scan. All patients with primary disc herniation were included. Exclusion criteria included recurrent disc herniation, cauda equina syndrome, or any other associated spinal pathology. T2 weighted MRI scans were reviewed on picture archiving and communications software. The T2 axial image showing the disc protrusion with the largest cross sectional area was used for measurements. The area of the disc and canal were measured at this level. The size of the disc was measured as a percentage of the cross-sectional area of the spinal canal on the chosen image. The VAS leg pain and ODI scores were each correlated with the size of the disc using the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC). Intraobserver reliability for MRI measurement was assessed using the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC). We assessed if the position of the disc prolapse (central, lateral recess, or foraminal) altered the symptoms described by the patient. The VAS and ODI scores from central and lateral recess disc prolapses were compared.Aims
Methods
We reviewed seven children with torticollis due to refractory atlanto-axial rotatory fixation who were treated in a halo vest. Pre-operative three-dimensional CT and sagittal CT imaging showed deformity of the superior articular process of C2 in all patients. The mean duration of halo vest treatment was 67 days (46 to 91). The mean follow-up was 34 months (8 to 73); at the latest review six patients demonstrated remodelling of the deformed articular process. The other child, who had a more severe deformity, required C1-2 fusion. We suggest that patients with atlanto-axial rotatory fixation who do not respond to