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The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 33-B, Issue 1 | Pages 8 - 30
1 Feb 1951
O'Connell JEA

1. Excision of a lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion is required in only a small proportion of patients with this lesion. 2. A careful clinical and radiological examination of cases of lumbago and pain in the lower limb provides good evidence not only of the presence of a lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion but also of its anatomical level, size and relationships. Such examination is essential for the selection of the patients requiring surgical treatment. 3. In most of these selected cases, a carefully performed operation designed to relieve the affected nerve fibres from forces which stretch and compress them will give satisfying relief of symptoms. In the series reported, 92 per cent of patients were either completely free from symptoms or very greatly improved after operation. 4. The spinal and tension signs present before operation largely disappeared after it. Persistence of a pre-operative neurological deficit after operation is, however, relatively frequent, though seldom disabling. 5. The incidence of post-operative recurrence of symptoms of such severity as to indicate re-operation in the series was 2 per cent


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 76-B, Issue 1 | Pages 107 - 112
1 Jan 1994
Kuner E Kuner A Schlickewei W Mullaji A

We assessed narrowing of the spinal canal in 39 burst fractures and fracture-dislocations of thoracolumbar vertebrae treated by the AO Internal Spinal Fixator, using CT preoperatively and at various stages postoperatively. Computer-aided planimetry was used to measure the narrowing, and its restoration shortly after instrumentation, or at 15 months. The mean initial reduction of canal area was to 63.7% +/- 18.8% of normal; this was restored to a mean of 95.4% +/- 21.2% of normal when measured either soon after surgery or at 15 months (p < 0.001 for both groups). There was more improvement in cases assessed later. For fractures from D12 to L3, the mean canal area was restored to 99.4% of normal; but at L4 or L5 the mean restitution was to only 60.9% (p < 0.05). We found no correlation between preoperative loss of area and amount of restoration, or severity of neurological deficit. Nor was there any correlation between the delay before surgery and the improvement achieved. The mechanism of fracture reduction appears to be a combination of distraction ligamentotaxis and forced hyperextension


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 12, Issue 3 | Pages 30 - 32
1 Jun 2023

The June 2023 Spine Roundup360 looks at: Characteristics and comparative study of thoracolumbar spine injury and dislocation fracture due to tertiary trauma; Sublingual sufentanil for postoperative pain management after lumbar spinal fusion surgery; Minimally invasive bipolar technique for adult neuromuscular scoliosis; Predictive factors for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis; Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae and lumbar fusion surgery at level L4/5; Does recall of preoperative scores contaminate trial outcomes? A randomized controlled trial; Vancomycin in fibrin glue for prevention of SSI; Perioperative nutritional supplementation decreases wound healing complications following elective lumbar spine surgery: a randomized controlled trial.


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 12, Issue 2 | Pages 36 - 39
1 Apr 2023

The April 2023 Oncology Roundup360 looks at: Complete tumour necrosis after neoadjuvant chemotherapy defines good responders in patients with Ewing’s sarcoma; Monitoring vascularized fibular autograft: are radiographs enough?; Examining patient perspectives on sarcoma surveillance; The management of sacral tumours; Venous thromboembolism and major bleeding in the clinical course of osteosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma; Secondary malignancies after Ewing’s sarcoma: what is the disease burden?; Outcomes of distal radial endoprostheses for tumour reconstruction: a single centre experience over 15 years; Is anaerobic coverage during soft-tissue sarcoma resection needed?; Is anaerobic coverage during soft-tissue sarcoma resection needed?


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 104-B, Issue 12 | Pages 1284 - 1291
1 Dec 2022
Rose PS

Tumours of the sacrum are difficult to manage. The sacrum provides the structural connection between the torso and lower half of the body and is subject to both axial and rotational forces. Thus, tumours or their treatment can compromise the stability of the spinopelvic junction. Additionally, nerves responsible for lower limb motor groups as well as bowel, bladder, and sexual function traverse or abut the sacrum. Preservation or sacrifice of these nerves in the treatment of sacral tumours has profound implications on the function and quality of life of the patient. This annotation will discuss current treatment protocols for sacral tumours.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(12):1284–1291.


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 13, Issue 5 | Pages 34 - 37
1 Oct 2024

The October 2024 Shoulder & Elbow Roundup360 looks at: Proximal humeral fractures with vascular compromise; Outcomes and challenges of revision arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: a systematic review; Evaluating treatment effectiveness for lateral elbow tendinopathy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis; Tendon transfer techniques for irreparable subscapularis tears: a comparative review; Impact of subscapularis repair in reverse shoulder arthroplasty; Isolated subscapularis tears strongly linked to shoulder pseudoparesis; Nexel and Coonrad-Morrey total elbow arthroplasties show comparable revision rates in New Zealand study; 3D MRI matches 3D CT in assessing bone loss and shoulder morphology in dislocation cases.


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 73-B, Issue 3 | Pages 487 - 491
1 May 1991
Forbes H Allen P Waller C Jones S Edgar M Webb P Ransford A

Since 1981, during operations for spinal deformity, we have routinely used electrophysiological monitoring of the spinal cord by the epidural measurement of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in response to stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve. We present the results in 1168 consecutive cases. Decreases in SEP amplitude of more than 50% occurred in 119 patients, of whom 32 had clinically detectable neurological changes postoperatively. In 35 cases the SEP amplitude was rapidly restored, either spontaneously or by repositioning of the recording electrode; they had no postoperative neurological changes. One patient had delayed onset of postoperative symptoms referrable to nerve root lesions without evidence of spinal cord involvement, but there were no false negative cases of intra-operative spinal cord damage. In 52 patients persistent, significant, SEP changes were noted without clinically detectable neurological sequelae. None of the many cases which showed falls in SEP amplitude of less than 50% experienced neurological problems. Neuromuscular scoliosis, the use of sublaminar wires, the magnitude of SEP decrement, and a limited or absent intra-operative recovery of SEP amplitude were identified as factors which increased the risk of postoperative neurological deficit


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 79-B, Issue 6 | Pages 943 - 947
1 Nov 1997
O’Hara LJ Marshall RW

Of a total of 330 patients requiring operation on a lumbar disc, 20 (6.1%) with lateral disc prolapse had a new muscle-splitting, intertransverse approach which requires minimal resection of bone. There were 16 men and 4 women with a mean age of 52 years. All had intense radicular pain, 15 had femoral radiculopathy and 19 a neurological deficit. Far lateral herniation of the disc had been confirmed by MRI. At operation, excellent access was obtained to the spinal nerve, dorsal root ganglion and the disc prolapse. The posterior primary ramus was useful in locating the spinal nerve and dorsal root ganglion during dissection of the intertransverse space. At review from six months to four years, 12 patients had excellent results with no residual pain and six had good results with mild discomfort and no functional impairment. Two had poor results. There had been neurological improvement in 17 of the 20 patients. We report a cadaver study of the anatomy of the posterior primary ramus. It is readily identifiable through this approach and can be traced down to the spinal nerve in the intertransverse space. We recommend the use of a muscle-splitting intertransverse approach to far lateral herniation of the disc, using the posterior primary ramus as the key to safe dissection


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 106-B, Issue 11 | Pages 1342 - 1347
1 Nov 2024
Onafowokan OO Jankowski PP Das A Lafage R Smith JS Shaffrey CI Lafage V Passias PG

Aims

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the level of upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) in frail patients undergoing surgery for adult spine deformity (ASD).

Methods

Patients with adult spinal deformity who had undergone T9-to-pelvis fusion were stratified using the ASD-Modified Frailty Index into not frail, frail, and severely frail categories. ASD was defined as at least one of: scoliosis ≥ 20°, sagittal vertical axis (SVA) ≥ 5 cm, or pelvic tilt ≥ 25°. Means comparisons tests were used to assess differences between both groups. Logistic regression analyses were used to analyze associations between frailty categories, UIV, and outcomes.


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 106-B, Issue 3 | Pages 277 - 285
1 Mar 2024
Pinto D Hussain S Leo DG Bridgens A Eastwood D Gelfer Y

Aims

Children with spinal dysraphism can develop various musculoskeletal deformities, necessitating a range of orthopaedic interventions, causing significant morbidity, and making considerable demands on resources. This systematic review aimed to identify what outcome measures have been reported in the literature for children with spinal dysraphism who undergo orthopaedic interventions involving the lower limbs.

Methods

A PROSPERO-registered systematic literature review was performed following PRISMA guidelines. All relevant studies published until January 2023 were identified. Individual outcomes and outcome measurement tools were extracted verbatim. The measurement tools were assessed for reliability and validity, and all outcomes were grouped according to the Outcome Measures Recommended for use in Randomized Clinical Trials (OMERACT) filters.


Bone & Joint Open
Vol. 5, Issue 10 | Pages 886 - 893
15 Oct 2024
Zhang C Li Y Wang G Sun J

Aims

A variety of surgical methods and strategies have been demonstrated for Andersson lesion (AL) therapy. In 2011, we proposed and identified the feasibility of stabilizing the spine without curettaging the vertebral or discovertebral lesion to cure non-kyphotic AL. Additionally, due to the excellent reunion ability of ankylosing spondylitis, we further came up with minimally invasive spinal surgery (MIS) to avoid the need for both bone graft and lesion curettage in AL surgery. However, there is a paucity of research into the comparison between open spinal fusion (OSF) and early MIS in the treatment of AL. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the clinical outcomes and radiological evaluation of our early MIS approach and OSF for AL.

Methods

A total of 39 patients diagnosed with AL who underwent surgery from January 2004 to December 2022 were retrospectively screened for eligibility. Patients with AL were divided into an MIS group and an OSF group. The primary outcomes were union of the lesion on radiograph and CT, as well as the visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores immediately after surgery, and at the follow-up (mean 29 months (standard error (SE) 9)). The secondary outcomes were total blood loss during surgery, operating time, and improvement in the radiological parameters: global and local kyphosis, sagittal vertical axis, sagittal alignment, and chin-brow vertical angle immediately after surgery and at the follow-up.


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 82-B, Issue 5 | Pages 629 - 635
1 Jul 2000
Boerger TO Limb D Dickson RA

Surgical decompression of the spinal canal is presently accepted worldwide as the method of treatment for thoracolumbar burst fractures with neurological deficit in the belief that neurological recovery may be produced or enhanced. Our clinical and laboratory experience, however, indicates that the paralysis occurs at the moment of injury and is not related to the position of the fragments of the fracture on subsequent imaging. Since the preoperative geometry of the fracture may be of no relevance, our hypothesis, backed by more than two decades of operative experience, is that alteration of the canal by ‘surgical clearance’ does not affect the neurological outcome. We have reviewed the existing world literature in an attempt to find evidence-based justification for the variety of surgical procedures used in the management of these fractures. We retrieved 275 publications on the management of burst fractures of which 60 met minimal inclusion criteria and were analysed more closely. Only three papers were prospective studies; the remainder were retrospective descriptive analyses. None of the 60 articles included control groups. The design of nine studies was sufficiently similar to allow pooling of their results, which failed to establish a significant advantage of surgical over non-surgical treatment as regards neurological improvement. Significant complications were reported in 75% of papers, including neurological deterioration. Surgical treatment for burst fracture in the belief that neurological improvement can be achieved is not justified, although surgery may still occasionally be indicated for structural reasons. This information should not be withheld from the patients


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 105-B, Issue 5 | Pages 543 - 550
1 May 2023
Abel F Avrumova F Goldman SN Abjornson C Lebl DR

Aims

The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of pedicle screw placement, as well as intraoperative factors, radiation exposure, and complication rates in adult patients with degenerative disorders of the thoracic and lumbar spines who have undergone robotic-navigated spinal surgery using a contemporary system.

Methods

The authors reviewed the prospectively collected data on 196 adult patients who had pedicle screws implanted with robot-navigated assistance (RNA) using the Mazor X Stealth system between June 2019 and March 2022. Pedicle screws were implanted by one experienced spinal surgeon after completion of a learning period. The accuracy of pedicle screw placement was determined using intraoperative 3D fluoroscopy.


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 105-B, Issue 3 | Pages 315 - 322
1 Mar 2023
Geere JH Swamy GN Hunter PR Geere JL Lutchman LN Cook AJ Rai AS

Aims

To identify the incidence and risk factors for five-year same-site recurrent disc herniation (sRDH) after primary single-level lumbar discectomy. Secondary outcome was the incidence and risk factors for five-year sRDH reoperation.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted using prospectively collected data and patient-reported outcome measures, including the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), between 2008 and 2019. Postoperative sRDH was identified from clinical notes and the centre’s MRI database, with all imaging providers in the region checked for missing events. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate five-year sRDH incidence. Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify independent variables predictive of sRDH, with any variable not significant at the p < 0.1 level removed. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 105-B, Issue 5 | Pages 487 - 495
1 May 2023
Boktor J Wong F Joseph VM Alshahwani A Banerjee P Morris K Lewis PM Ahuja S

Aims

The early diagnosis of cauda equina syndrome (CES) is crucial for a favourable outcome. Several studies have reported the use of an ultrasound scan of the bladder as an adjunct to assess the minimum post-void residual volume of urine (mPVR). However, variable mPVR values have been proposed as a threshold without consensus on a value for predicting CES among patients with relevant symptoms and signs. The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis and systematic review of the published evidence to identify a threshold mPVR value which would provide the highest diagnostic accuracy in patients in whom the diagnosis of CES is suspected.

Methods

The search strategy used electronic databases (PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, and AMED) for publications between January 1996 and November 2021. All studies that reported mPVR in patients in whom the diagnosis of CES was suspected, followed by MRI, were included.


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 104-B, Issue 6 | Pages 715 - 720
1 Jun 2022
Dunsmuir RA Nisar S Cruickshank JA Loughenbury PR

Aims

The aim of the study was to determine if there was a direct correlation between the pain and disability experienced by patients and size of their disc prolapse, measured by the disc’s cross-sectional area on T2 axial MRI scans.

Methods

Patients were asked to prospectively complete visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores on the day of their MRI scan. All patients with primary disc herniation were included. Exclusion criteria included recurrent disc herniation, cauda equina syndrome, or any other associated spinal pathology. T2 weighted MRI scans were reviewed on picture archiving and communications software. The T2 axial image showing the disc protrusion with the largest cross sectional area was used for measurements. The area of the disc and canal were measured at this level. The size of the disc was measured as a percentage of the cross-sectional area of the spinal canal on the chosen image. The VAS leg pain and ODI scores were each correlated with the size of the disc using the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC). Intraobserver reliability for MRI measurement was assessed using the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC). We assessed if the position of the disc prolapse (central, lateral recess, or foraminal) altered the symptoms described by the patient. The VAS and ODI scores from central and lateral recess disc prolapses were compared.


Bone & Joint Open
Vol. 5, Issue 8 | Pages 662 - 670
9 Aug 2024
Tanaka T Sasaki M Katayanagi J Hirakawa A Fushimi K Yoshii T Jinno T Inose H

Aims

The escalating demand for medical resources to address spinal diseases as society ages is an issue that requires careful evaluation. However, few studies have examined trends in spinal surgery, especially unscheduled hospitalizations or surgeries performed after hours, through large databases. Our study aimed to determine national trends in the number of spine surgeries in Japan. We also aimed to identify trends in after-hours surgeries and unscheduled hospitalizations and their impact on complications and costs.

Methods

We retrospectively investigated data extracted from the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database, a representative inpatient database in Japan. The data from April 2010 to March 2020 were used for this study. We included all patients who had undergone any combination of laminectomy, laminoplasty, discectomy, and/or spinal arthrodesis.


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 105-B, Issue 3 | Pages 239 - 246
1 Mar 2023
Arshad Z Aslam A Al Shdefat S Khan R Jamil O Bhatia M

Aims

This systematic review aimed to summarize the full range of complications reported following ankle arthroscopy and the frequency at which they occur.

Methods

A computer-based search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Emcare, and ISI Web of Science. Two-stage title/abstract and full-text screening was performed independently by two reviewers. English-language original research studies reporting perioperative complications in a cohort of at least ten patients undergoing ankle arthroscopy were included. Complications were pooled across included studies in order to derive an overall complication rate. Quality assessment was performed using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine levels of evidence classification.


Bone & Joint Open
Vol. 5, Issue 4 | Pages 350 - 360
23 Apr 2024
Wang S Chen Z Wang K Li H Qu H Mou H Lin N Ye Z

Aims

Radiotherapy is a well-known local treatment for spinal metastases. However, in the presence of postoperative systemic therapy, the efficacy of radiotherapy on local control (LC) and overall survival (OS) in patients with spinal metastases remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of post-surgical radiotherapy for spinal metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, and to identify factors correlated with LC and OS.

Methods

A retrospective, single-centre review was conducted of patients with spinal metastases from NSCLC who underwent surgery followed by systemic therapy at our institution from January 2018 to September 2022. Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank tests were used to compare the LC and OS between groups. Associated factors for LC and OS were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 105-B, Issue 8 | Pages 920 - 927
1 Aug 2023
Stanley AL Jones TJ Dasic D Kakarla S Kolli S Shanbhag S McCarthy MJH

Aims

Traumatic central cord syndrome (CCS) typically follows a hyperextension injury and results in motor impairment affecting the upper limbs more than the lower, with occasional sensory impairment and urinary retention. Current evidence on mortality and long-term outcomes is limited. The primary aim of this study was to assess the five-year mortality of CCS, and to determine any difference in mortality between management groups or age.

Methods

Patients aged ≥ 18 years with a traumatic CCS between January 2012 and December 2017 in Wales were identified. Patient demographics and data about injury, management, and outcome were collected. Statistical analysis was performed to assess mortality and between-group differences.