1. Radiological criteria in the diagnosis of congenital dislocation of the head of the radius are suggested. 2. Some of the radiographic features described as characteristic of congenital dislocation of the head of the radius may be found also in post-traumatic dislocation of the radial head

Aims

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains a challenging complication following total hip arthroplasty (THA). It is associated with high levels of morbidity, mortality and expense. Guidelines and protocols exist for the management of culture-positive patients. Managing culture-negative patients with a PJI poses a greater challenge to surgeons and the wider multidisciplinary team as clear guidance is lacking.

1. On the basis of radiographic studies the incidence of degenerative change in the intervertebral disc in primitive squatting populations is considerably less than that found in civilised peoples. 2. The suggestion is made that lordosis is implicated in the pathogenesis of degeneration, but further studies are required

1. The progressive radiographic changes in twenty-five patients suffering from Perthes' disease of the hip are described. 2. The prognostic value of lateral views of the hip is emphasised, and the present concepts of pathogenesis in the light of recent observations are discussed

1 . Two cases of chronic progressive dislocation of the talo-navicular joints are discussed. 2. Radiographs are presented showing the development of the lesions over a period of eighteen years. 3. It is thought that the lesion is caused by laxity of ligaments and subsequent osteoarthritic changes

1. Five cases of calcified enchondroma are described. In all except one the condition was symptomless and was discovered accidentally. 2. The radiographic features are described and the differential diagnosis is discussed. 3. It is emphasised that when the diagnosis is in doubt biopsy should be undertaken

A 15-year-old girl presented with a four-year history of pain in the left ankle. There was no known trauma, only a postnatal soft tissue infection which had healed with no sequelae. Radiographs showed that the talus consisted of two large fragments and one small one

The new Ionising Radiation (Medical Exposure) Regulations 2000 (IR (ME)ER) were implemented in January 2001. These regulations state that “the referrer must record in the patient’s notes that a radiograph was taken and what it showed”. As a result it is now incumbent upon the orthopaedic surgeon to document formally the findings of all requested radiographs. We present a case in which a left upper bronchial carcinoma was detected initially on a radiograph of the left shoulder. It highlights the importance of careful examination of the entire radiographic image and the documenting of the findings

Two cases are reported in which doigt en lorgnette was associated with features of long-standing yaws. Radiographs showed an unusual bone appearance, believed to be due to superimposition of concentric atrophy with focal dissolution of the distal bones on the lesions of healed yaws osteitis

1. Attention is drawn to lesions of the inferior tibio-fibular ligaments. Two main types are described: the anterior type and the total type. 2. The clinical and radiological characteristics are described. 3. The value of strain-view radiography is stressed. 4. A plan of treatment is suggested

1. The radiographic appearances are no guide to prognosis or treatment of peroneal spastic flat foot. 2. Only 10 per cent of peroneal spastic flat feet are likely to cause severe persistent disability. 3. Severe symptomatic tarsal arthritis is exceptional in this condition

The existing methods of assessing limb lengthening during total hip arthroplasty (THA) are prone to error because the measurements are not parallel to the limb lengthening axis. In order to address this, we designed a caliper to estimate limb lengthening during THA and evaluated its accuracy compared with our previous device, the straight caliper. Limb lengths were measured in 100 patients. The L-shaped caliper was used in 50 cases and the straight caliper in 50. The correlation between intra-operative and post-operative radiographic measurements was significantly improved using the L-shaped device (p < 0.0001, r = 0.934). This method was extremely accurate in predicting changes in limb length due to surgery

Two patients presented with pain in the arm and a radiographic lesion of the upper humerus which warranted surgical exploration and excision biopsy. In both cases the pathology was inflammatory and involved the insertion of pectoralis major. Tendinitis of the pectoralis major with an associated lesion of the humerus has not previously been described

Aims

To evaluate the outcomes of cemented total hip arthroplasty (THA) following a fracture of the acetabulum, with evaluation of risk factors and comparison with a patient group with no history of fracture.

1. Eight cases of solitary eosinophilic granuloma of bone are described, along with two possible complications. 2. The main pathological, clinical, and radiographic features of the condition, and its treatment, are discussed. 3. The essentially benign course of the solitary lesion, even in the presence of complications, is confirmed

1. The clinical, radiographic and pathological features of aneurysmal bone cyst are described and illustrated by case reports. 2. Reasons are given for accepting the lesion as a clinical and pathological entity. 3. The cyst has a tendency to spontaneous regression and healing may occur after partial excision

We perfused 16 human femora with a 50% barium sulphate suspension and studied the intra-osseous vessels by microfocal radiography and histology. There were few anastomoses between the vessels of the greater trochanter and those of the adjacent cancellous bone of the shaft. Ischaemia of the trochanter may contribute to nonunion after trochanteric osteotomy

1. An attempt has been made to correlate the radiographic appearances and the morbid anatomy of the cystic changes that occur in the head of the femur in advanced osteoarthritis. 2. The suggestion is made that these lesions are foci of traumatic bone necrosis. Repair may be complicated by the subsequent entrance of synovial fluid through defects in the surface

Resection arthroplasty of the patella has been found to be a satisfactory procedure for the treatment of patellofemoral pain caused by osteoarthritis. In the present series 60% of the operated cases were pain-free on a 31-month average follow-up. The patients found it easier to climb stairs and to kneel and in most cases the radiographic joint space was good

Transverse fractures of the sacrum with neurological complications have been studied in four patients illustrating the following features: diagnosis is often delayed, there are radiological difficulties in making the diagnosis, and the indications for surgery are not well defined. Specific radiographic views are recommended. All the cases presented in this report responded well to conservative management