Long bone defects often require surgical intervention for functional restoration. The ‘gold standard’ treatment is autologous bone graft (ABG), usually from the patient’s iliac crest. However, autograft is plagued by complications including limited supply, donor site morbidity, and the need for an additional surgery. Thus, alternative therapies are being actively investigated. Autologous bone marrow (BM) is considered as a candidate due to the presence of both endogenous reparative cells and growth factors. We aimed to compare the therapeutic potentials of autologous bone marrow aspirate (BMA) and ABG, which has not previously been done. We compared the efficacy of coagulated autologous BMA and ABG for the repair of ulnar defects in New Zealand White rabbits. Segmental defects (14 mm) were filled with autologous clotted BM or morcellized autograft, and healing was assessed four and 12 weeks postoperatively. Harvested ulnas were subjected to radiological, micro-CT, histological, and mechanical analyses.Objectives
Methods
The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of spinal instrumentation in haemodialyzed patients with native pyogenic spondylodiscitis. Spinal instrumentation in these patients can be dangerous due to rates of complications and mortality, and biofilm formation on the instrumentation. A total of 134 haemodialyzed patients aged more than 50 years who underwent surgical treatment for pyogenic spondylodiscitis were included in the study. Their mean age was 66.4 years (50 to 83); 66 were male (49.3%) and 68 were female (50.7%). They were divided into two groups according to whether spinal instrumentation was used or not. Propensity score matching was used to attenuate the potential selection bias. The outcome of treatment was compared between these two groups.Aims
Patients and Methods
It has been hypothesized that patellofemoral pain, a common knee condition in adolescents and young adults, may be a precursor of degenerative joint changes and may ultimately lead to patellofemoral osteoarthritis. Since both conditions share several mechanical disease characteristics, such as altered contact area between the femur and patella and increased joint stress, we investigated whether these conditions share similar and different shape characteristics of the patella compared with normal controls. This cross-sectional study compared three different study populations: 32 patellofemoral pain subjects (mean age, 32 years (22 to 45); 72% female); 56 isolated radiological patellofemoral osteoarthritis subjects (mean age, 54 years (44 to 58); 89% female); and 80 healthy control subjects (mean age, 52 years (44 to 58); 74% female). Measurements included questionnaires, and lateral and skyline radiographs of the knee. Two separate 30-point 2D statistical shape models of the patella were created from the lateral and skyline radiographs. A general linear model was used to test for differences in standardized shape modes (a specific shape variant of the patella) between patellofemoral osteoarthritis, patellofemoral pain, and controls, using Bonferroni correction and adjustment for body mass index and gender.Objectives
Methods
The objective of this study was to investigate bone healing after
internal fixation of displaced femoral neck fractures (FNFs) with
the Dynamic Locking Blade Plate (DLBP) in a young patient population
treated by various orthopaedic (trauma) surgeons. We present a multicentre prospective case series with a follow-up
of one year. All patients aged ≤ 60 years with a displaced FNF treated
with the DLBP between 1st August 2010 and December 2014 were included.
Patients with pathological fractures, concomitant fractures of the
lower limb, symptomatic arthritis, local infection or inflammation,
inadequate local tissue coverage, or any mental or neuromuscular
disorder were excluded. Primary outcome measure was failure in fracture
healing due to nonunion, avascular necrosis, or implant failure
requiring revision surgery.Aims
Patients and Methods
The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of a corticosteroid injection for the
treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in patients with and without Raynaud’s
phenomenon. In a prospective study, 139 patients with CTS were treated with a corticosteroid
injection (10 mg triamcinolone acetonide); 34 had Raynaud’s phenomenon and 105
did not (control group). Grip strength, perception of touch with a Semmes-Weinstein
monofilament and the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaires (BCTQ) were assessed at
baseline and at six, 12 and 24 weeks after the injection. The Cold Intolerance Severity
Score (CISS) questionnaire was also assessed at baseline and 24 weeks after the
injection.Aims
Patients and Methods
Limb salvage for diabetic foot infections often require multiple
procedures. Some patients will eventually end up with below knee
amputation (BKA) when all limb salvage attempts fail. We seek to
study the patients’ ability to return to normal life, functional
status, prosthesis usage and perspectives on multiple limb salvage
procedures that culminated in BKA to review if they would undertake
a similar path if their situation was repeated. A total of 41 patients who underwent BKA between July 2011 and
June 2013 were reviewed. They were divided into primary and creeping
(prior multiple salvage procedures) amputations. The Barthel’s Index
(BI) and the Reintegration to Normal Living Index (RNLI) were used.
A questionnaire was used to identify whether the patient would undergo
the same multiple attempts at limb salvage again if faced with the
same problem.Aims
Patients and Methods
Positive ulnar variance is an established risk factor for idiopathic
ulnar impaction syndrome (UIS). However, not all patients with positive
ulnar variance develop symptomatic UIS and other factors, including
the morphology of the lunate, may be involved. The aim of this study
was to clarify the relationship between lunate morphology and idiopathic
UIS. A cohort of 95 patients with idiopathic UIS (UIS group) was compared
with 95 asymptomatic controls with positive ulnar variance. The
shape of the lunate was measured using the capitate-triquetrum distance
(CTD), ulnar coverage ratio (UCR), radiolunate distance and radiolunate
angle. The association of radiographic parameters and lunate types
with the development of UIS was investigated in univariable and
multivariable analyses. Receiver operating characteristic curves
were used to estimate a cutoff for any statistically significant
variables.Aims
Patients and Methods
The aim of the study was to compare measures of the quality of
life (QOL) after resection of a chordoma of the mobile spine with
the national averages in the United States and to assess which factors
influenced the QOL, symptoms of anxiety and depression, and coping
with pain post-operatively in these patients. A total of 48 consecutive patients who underwent resection of
a primary or recurrent chordoma of the mobile spine between 2000
and 2015 were included. A total of 34 patients completed a survey
at least 12 months post-operatively. The primary outcome was the
EuroQol-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D-3L) questionnaire. Secondary outcomes were
the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS)
anxiety, depression and pain interference questionnaires. Data which
were recorded included the indication for surgery, the region of
the tumour, the number of levels resected, the status of the surgical
margins, re-operations, complications, neurological deficit, length
of stay in hospital and rate of re-admission.Aims
Patients and Methods
After an injury, the biological reattachment of tendon to bone is a challenge because healing takes place between a soft (tendon) and a hard (bone) tissue. Even after healing, the transition zone in the enthesis is not completely regenerated, making it susceptible to re-injury. In this study, we aimed to regenerate Achilles tendon entheses (ATEs) in wounded rats using a combination of kartogenin (KGN) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Wounds created in rat ATEs were given three different treatments: kartogenin platelet-rich plasma (KGN-PRP); PRP; or saline (control), followed by histological and immunochemical analyses, and mechanical testing of the rat ATEs after three months of healing.Objectives
Methods
The present study describes a novel technique for revitalising allogenic intrasynovial tendons by combining cell-based therapy and mechanical stimulation in an Specifically, canine flexor digitorum profundus tendons were used for this study and were divided into the following groups: (1) untreated, unprocessed normal tendon; (2) decellularised tendon; (3) bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC)-seeded tendon; and (4) BMSC-seeded and cyclically stretched tendon. Lateral slits were introduced on the tendon to facilitate cell seeding. Tendons from all four study groups were distracted by a servohydraulic testing machine. Tensile force and displacement data were continuously recorded at a sample rate of 20 Hz until 200 Newton of force was reached. Before testing, the cross-sectional dimensions of each tendon were measured with a digital caliper. Young’s modulus was calculated from the slope of the linear region of the stress-strain curve. The BMSCs were labeled for histological and cell viability evaluation on the decellularized tendon scaffold under a confocal microscope. Gene expression levels of selected extracellular matrix tendon growth factor genes were measured. Results were reported as mean ± SD and data was analyzed with one-way ANOVAs followed by Tukey’s post hoc multiple-comparison test.Objectives
Methods
Our aim was to describe the atypical pattern of increased fatty
degeneration in the infraspinatus muscle compared with the supraspinatus
in patients with a massive rotator cuff tear. We also wished to
describe the nerve conduction and electromyography findings in these
patients. A cohort of patients undergoing surgery for a massive rotator
cuff tear was identified and their clinical records obtained. Their
MRI images were reviewed to ascertain the degree of retraction of
the torn infraspinatus and supraspinatus muscles, and the degree
of fatty degeneration in both muscles was recorded. Nerve conduction studies
were also performed in those patients who showed more degeneration
in the infraspinatus than in the supraspinatus.Aims
Patients and Methods
Diabetes mellitus is the most common co-morbidity associated
with necrotising fasciitis. This study aims to compare the clinical
presentation, investigations, Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotising
Fasciitis (LRINEC) score, microbiology and outcome of management
of this condition in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. The medical records of all patients with surgically proven necrotising
fasciitis treated at our institution between 2005 and 2014 were
reviewed. Diagnosis of necrotising fasciitis was made on findings
of ‘dishwater’ fluid, presence of greyish necrotic deep fascia and
lack of bleeding on muscle dissection found intra-operatively. Information
on patients’ demographics, presenting symptoms, clinical signs,
investigations, treatment and outcome were recorded and analysed.Aims
Patients and Methods
Wound complications are reported in up to 10% hip and knee arthroplasties and there is a proven association between wound complications and deep prosthetic infections. In this randomised controlled trial (RCT) we explore the potential benefits of a portable, single use, incisional negative pressure wound therapy dressing (iNPWTd) on wound exudate, length of stay (LOS), wound complications, dressing changes and cost-effectiveness following total hip and knee arthroplasties. A total of 220 patients undergoing elective primary total hip and knee arthroplasties were recruited into in a non-blinded RCT. For the final analysis there were 102 patients in the study group and 107 in the control group.Objectives
Methods
The treatment of septic arthritis of the shoulder is challenging.
The infection frequently recurs and the clinical outcome can be
very poor. We aimed to review the outcomes following the use of
continuous negative pressure after open debridement with a large
diameter drain in patients with septic arthritis of the shoulder. A total of 68 consecutive patients with septic arthritis of the
shoulder underwent arthrotomy, irrigation and debridement. A small
diameter suction drain was placed in the glenohumeral joint and
a large diameter drain was placed in the subacromial space with
continuous negative pressure of 15 cm H2O. All patients
received a standardised protocol of antibiotics for a mean of 5.1
weeks (two to 11.1).Aims
Patients and Methods
The purpose of the study was to investigate whether closed intramedullary
(IM) nailing with percutaneous cement augmentation is better than
conventional closed nailing at relieving pain and suppressing tumours
in patients with metastases of the femur and humerus. A total of 43 patients (27 men, 16 women, mean age 63.7 years,
standard deviation (Aims
Patients and Methods
The aim of this study was a quantitative analysis of a surgeon’s
learning curve for scoliosis surgery and the relationship between
the surgeon’s experience and post-operative outcomes, which has
not been previously well described. We have investigated the operating time as a function of the
number of patients to determine a specific pattern; we analysed
factors affecting the operating time and compared intra- and post-operative
outcomes. We analysed 47 consecutive patients undergoing scoliosis
surgery performed by a single, non-trained scoliosis surgeon. Operating time
was recorded for each of the four parts of the procedures: dissection,
placement of pedicle screws, reduction of the deformity and wound
closure.Aims
Patients and Methods
This study was conducted to evaluate the cytokine-release kinetics of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) according to different activation protocols. Two manual preparation procedures (single-spin (SS) at 900 g for five minutes; double-spin (DS) at 900 g for five minutes and then 1500 g for 15 minutes) were performed for each of 14 healthy subjects. Both preparations were tested for platelet activation by one of three activation protocols: no activation, activation with calcium (Ca) only, or calcium with a low dose (50 IU per 1 ml PRP) of thrombin. Each preparation was divided into four aliquots and incubated for one hour, 24 hours, 72 hours, and seven days. The cytokine-release kinetics were evaluated by assessing PDGF, TGF, VEGF, FGF, IL-1, and MMP-9 concentrations with bead-based sandwich immunoassay.Objectives
Methods
The aims of this study were to report functional
outcomes of salvage procedures for patients with cerebral palsy (CP)
who have chronic dislocation of the hip using validated scoring
systems, and to compare the results of three surgical techniques. We reviewed 37 patients retrospectively. The mean age at the
time of surgery was 12.2 years (8 to 22) and the mean follow-up
was 56 months (24 to 114). Patients were divided into three groups:
14 who underwent proximal femoral resection arthroplasty (PFRA group
1), ten who underwent subtrochanteric valgus osteotomy (SVO group 2),
and 13 who underwent subtrochanteric valgus osteotomy with resection
of the femoral head (SVO with FHR group 3). All patients were evaluated
using the Caregiver Priorities and Child Health Index of Life with
Disabilities (CPCHILD) and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory
(PedsQL). Significant improvements occurred in most CPCHILD and PedsQL
subsection scores following surgery in all patients, without significant
differences between the groups. There were 12 post-operative complications.
Less severe complications were seen in group 1 than in groups 2
and 3. Salvage surgery appears to provide pain relief in patients with
CP who have painful chronic dislocation of the hip. The three salvage
procedures produced similar results, however, we recommend the use
of PFRA as the complications are less severe. Take home message: Salvage surgery can be of benefit to patients
with CP with chronic painful hip dislocation, but should be limited
to selected patients considering complications. Cite this article:
The traditional techniques involving an oblique
tunnel or triangular wedge resection to approach a central or mixed-type
physeal bar are hindered by poor visualisation of the bar. This
may be overcome by a complete transverse osteotomy at the metaphysis
near the growth plate or a direct vertical approach to the bar.
Ilizarov external fixation using small wires allows firm fixation
of the short physis-bearing fragment, and can also correct an associated angular
deformity and permit limb lengthening. We accurately approached and successfully excised ten central-
or mixed-type bars; six in the distal femur, two in the proximal
tibia and two in the distal tibia, without damaging the uninvolved
physis, and corrected the associated angular deformity and leg-length
discrepancy. Callus formation was slightly delayed because of periosteal
elevation and stretching during resection of the bar. The resultant
resection of the bar was satisfactory in seven patients and fair
in three as assessed using a by a modified Williamson–Staheli classification. Cite this article:
We investigated whether the presence of a pathological
fracture increased the risk of local recurrence in patients with
a giant cell tumour (GCT) of bone. We also assessed if curettage
is still an appropriate form of treatment in the presence of a pathological
fracture. We conducted a comprehensive review and meta-analysis
of papers which reported outcomes in patients with a GCT with and
without a pathological fracture at presentation. We computed the
odds ratio (OR) of local recurrence in those with and without a
pathological fracture. We selected 19 eligible papers for final analysis. This included
3215 patients, of whom 580 (18.0%) had a pathological fracture.
The pooled OR for local recurrence between patients with and without
a pathological fracture was 1.05 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66
to 1.67, p = 0.854). Amongst the subgroup of patients who were treated with
curettage, the pooled OR for local recurrence was 1.23 (95% CI 0.75
to 2.01, p = 0.417). A There is no difference in local recurrence rates between patients
who have a GCT of bone with and without a pathological fracture
at the time of presentation. The presence of a pathological fracture
should not preclude the decision to perform curettage as carefully
selected patients who undergo curettage can have similar outcomes
in terms of local recurrence to those without such a fracture. Cite this article:
