We studied 108 patients (116 hips) who were followed for a minimum of six years (73 to 89 months) after primary total hip arthroplasty using an uncemented porous-coated
We performed a retrospective study to assess the long-term outcome of non-augmented
Several studies have reported the safety and efficacy of subcapital
re-alignment for patients with slipped capital femoral epiphysis
(SCFE) using surgical dislocation of the hip and an extended retinacular
flap. Instability of the hip and dislocation as a consequence of
this surgery has only recently gained attention. We discuss this
problem with some illustrative cases. We explored the literature on the possible pathophysiological
causes and surgical steps associated with the risk of post-operative
instability and articular damage. In addition, we describe supplementary
steps that could be used to avoid these problems.Aims
Materials and Methods
We conducted a prospective randomised trial to compare the results of
We dissected 105 cadaveric shoulders to study the origin of the tendon of the long head of biceps, and examined histologically the interrelationship between the tendon, the supraglenoid tubercle and the superior labrum of the glenoid. In all specimens approximately 50% of the biceps tendon arose directly from the superior glenoid labrum with the remainder attached to the supraglenoid tubercle. The main labral origin was from the posterior labrum in more than half of the specimens, and in a quarter this was the only labral attachment. On the basis of the biceps attachment to the anterior or posterior labrum, we distinguished four types of origin. These normal
We report a prospective, randomised, controlled trial of 50 severely displaced comminuted Colles' fractures treated by either external fixation or manipulation and plaster. Each patient was assessed radiographically throughout treatment, and functionally by an independent observer at three and six months. The functional result correlated with the
This study analysed the clinical and radiological outcome of
anatomical reduction of a moderate or severe stable slipped capital
femoral epiphysis (SCFE) treated by subcapital osteotomy (a modified
Dunn osteotomy) through the surgical approach described by Ganz. We prospectively studied 31 patients (32 hips; 16 females and
five males; mean age 14.3 years) with SCFE. On the Southwick classification,
ten were of moderate severity (head-shaft angle >
30° to 60°) and
22 were severe (head-shaft angle >
60°). Each underwent open reduction
and internal fixation using an intracapsular osteotomy through the
physeal growth plate after safe surgical hip dislocation. Unlike
the conventional procedure, 25 hips did not need an osteotomy of
the apophysis of the great trochanter and were managed using an
extended retinacular posterior flap. Aims
Patients and Methods
Low-energy fractures of the proximal humerus indicate osteoporosis and it is important to direct treatment to this group of patients who are at high risk of further fracture. Data were prospectively collected from 79 patients (11 men, 68 women) with a mean age of 69 years (55 to 86) with fractures of the proximal humerus in order to determine if current guidelines on the measurement of the bone mineral density at the hip and lumbar spine were adequate to stratify the risk and to guide the treatment of osteoporosis. Bone mineral density measurements were made by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at the proximal femur, lumbar spine (L2-4) and contralateral distal radius, and the T-scores were generated for comparison. Data were also collected on the use of steroids, smoking, the use of alcohol, hand dominance and comorbidity. The mean T-score for the distal radius was −2.97 ( The assessment of osteoporosis must include measurement of the bone mineral density at the distal radius to avoid underestimation of osteoporosis in the upper limb.
We describe a medial midline portal between the tendons of extensor hallucis longus and tibialis anterior for arthroscopy of the ankle. We dissected 20 cadaver specimens to compare the risk of neurovascular injury using this approach with that of using standard arthroscopic portals. Compared with the anterocentral portal, the medial midline was a mean of 11.2 mm further from the nearest branch of the superficial peroneal nerve and 10.3 mm further from the dorsalis pedis artery. This portal allows good access to the joint surface and intra-articular structures and has a lower risk of injury to the dorsalis pedis artery, deep peroneal nerve or the medial branch of the superficial peroneal nerve.
The formation of a painful neuroma after operations on the medial or lateral sides of the elbow is a common problem. Our aim was to determine the relationship of the cutaneous nerves to the three usual skin incisions around the elbow. In 18 freshly frozen cadaver arms we made three standard 16 cm incisions in the skin medially, laterally, and posteriorly and explored them using loupe magnification. The number of nerves crossing each incision was determined by gross observation and their diameter measured by electronic microcallipers. In ten arms, biopsies of the nerves in each incision were sent for histological examination. We found significantly more cutaneous nerves crossing the medial and lateral incisions than the posterior. The diameter of the nerves crossing the posterior incision was significantly smaller than those crossing the lateral incision. Cutaneous nerves are at considerable risk of injury when medial or lateral incisions are used to approach the elbow, but the posterior approach carries less hazard. The routine use of the posterior incision may reduce the incidence of symptomatic paraesthesia and the formation of a painful neuroma after operation.
We report the incidence of osteolysis in the femur, tibia, and patella of 44 consecutive patients (60 knees) who were followed for more than seven years after cementless knee arthroplasty with a Porous-Coated Anatomic prosthesis. The average age of the patients was 56.5 years (17 to 73); the operative diagnosis was osteoarthritis (33 knees), rheumatoid arthritis (17), tuberculous arthritis (7) and post-traumatic arthritis (3). All patellae were resurfaced. No femoral or tibial component was loose at the final follow-up examination. Thirty patellar components were loose of which six had been revised. Radiographs revealed osteolysis in 90% of the tibial plateaux and in 80% of the 30 intact patellar prostheses. No osteolysis was seen around any femoral component. In 50 knees (83%) the average wear of the polyethylene liner was 2.5 mm in the medial compartment and 1.7 mm in the lateral compartment. Four of 60 knees (6.7%) were revised for complete wear of the polyethylene liner of the tibial component. Fixation of the tibial and patellar components without cement fails to seal the interface between bone and prosthesis and allows the migration of polyethylene particulate debris which causes osteolysis.
In a prospective, controlled study 58 patients aged under 60 years with Colles' fractures were treated either by a forearm plaster or by the application of an external fixator. In 94% of those treated by a fixator it was possible to insert the distal pins of the frame into the fracture fragment, the fixation obtained being sufficient to forgo additional splintage. The external fixator proved more effective at holding the manipulated position, and the radiological loss of position during fracture union was minimal compared with that seen in patients treated in plaster.
The findings in a child with bilateral congenital dislocation of the hips who died shortly after birth are described. The only significant abnormality present was redundancy of the capsular ligaments and elongation of the ligament of the femoral head. The relationship between the orientation of the femoral neck and of the acetabulum was within normal limits. The significance of these findings in relation to etiology and management are discussed.
The emergence of minimally-invasive total knee replacement (TKR) has led to the refinement of several surgical approaches, including the quadriceps-sparing and sub-vastus. There is some disagreement as to the precise definition of the term ‘minimally-invasive’, especially in regard to the preservation of vastus medialis obliquus (VMO). It is known that the termination of VMO is variable and may make these approaches difficult. We have attempted to assess the factors influencing the insertion of VMO and the impact which they have on the approach for TKR. The MR scans of 198 knees were examined to assess the variation in the insertion of VMO in relation to the patella and the effect of variables such as age, gender and the presence of concurrent osteoarthritis of the knee on the insertion. Our findings showed that both age and the presence of osteoarthritis were contributing factors to changes in the level of insertion of VMO. Therefore, not all capsular incisions which extend proximal to the midpole of the patella will violate the quadriceps tendon.
The optimal management of the tibial slope in
achieving a high flexion angle in posterior-stabilised (PS) total
knee replacement (TKR) is not well understood, and most studies
evaluating the posterior tibial slope have been conducted on cruciate-retaining
TKRs. We analysed pre- and post-operative tibial slope differences,
pre- and post-operative coronal knee alignment and post-operative
maximum flexion angle in 167 patients undergoing 209 TKRs. The mean
pre-operative posterior tibial slope was 8.6° (1.3° to 17°) and
post-operatively it was 8.0° (0.1° to 16.7°). Multiple linear regression
analysis showed that the absolute difference between pre- and post-operative
tibial slope (p <
0.001), post-operative coronal alignment (p
= 0.02) and pre-operative range of movement (p <
0.001) predicted post-operative
flexion. The variance of change in tibial slope became larger as
the post-operative maximum flexion angle decreased. The odds ratio
of having a post-operative flexion angle <
100° was 17.6 if the
slope change was >
2°. Our data suggest that recreation of the anatomical
tibial slope appears to improve maximum flexion after posterior-stabilised
TKR, provided coronal alignment has been restored. Cite this article: