Advertisement for orthosearch.org.uk
Results 1 - 7 of 7
Results per page:
The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 91-B, Issue 5 | Pages 565 - 576
1 May 2009
Getgood A Brooks R Fortier L Rushton N

Articular cartilage repair remains a challenge to surgeons and basic scientists. The field of tissue engineering allows the simultaneous use of material scaffolds, cells and signalling molecules to attempt to modulate the regenerative tissue. This review summarises the research that has been undertaken to date using this approach, with a particular emphasis on those techniques that have been introduced into clinical practice, via in vitro and preclinical studies.


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 90-B, Issue 12 | Pages 1541 - 1547
1 Dec 2008
Bush PG Hall AC Macnicol MF

The mammalian growth plate is a complex structure which is essential for the elongation of long bones. However, an understanding of how the growth plate functions at the cellular level is lacking. This review, summarises the factors involved in growth-plate regulation, its failure and the consequence of injury. We also describe some of the cellular mechanisms which underpin the increase in volume of the growth-plate chondrocyte which is the major determinant of the rate and extent of bone lengthening. We show how living in situ chondrocytes can be imaged using 2-photon laser scanning microscopy to provide a quantitative analysis of their volume. This approach should give better understanding of the cellular control of bone growth in both healthy and failed growth plates.


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 90-B, Issue 10 | Pages 1261 - 1270
1 Oct 2008
Hadjipavlou AG Tzermiadianos MN Bogduk N Zindrick MR

The pathophysiology of intervertebral disc degeneration has been extensively studied. Various factors have been suggested as influencing its aetiology, including mechanical factors, such as compressive loading, shear stress and vibration, as well as ageing, genetic, systemic and toxic factors, which can lead to degeneration of the disc through biochemical reactions. How are these factors linked? What is their individual importance? There is no clear evidence indicating whether ageing in the presence of repetitive injury or repetitive injury in the absence of ageing plays a greater role in the degenerative process. Mechanical factors can trigger biochemical reactions which, in turn, may promote the normal biological changes of ageing, which can also be accelerated by genetic factors. Degradation of the molecular structure of the disc during ageing renders it more susceptible to superimposed mechanical injuries.

This review supports the theory that degeneration of the disc has a complex multifactorial aetiology. Which factors initiate the events in the degenerative cascade is a question that remains unanswered, but most evidence points to an age-related process influenced primarily by mechanical and genetic factors.


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 90-B, Issue 7 | Pages 827 - 832
1 Jul 2008
Rees JL

This review discusses the pathogenesis and surgical treatment of tears of the rotator cuff.


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 89-B, Issue 8 | Pages 995 - 1000
1 Aug 2007
Siapkara A Duncan R

Talipes equinovarus is one of the more common congenital abnormalities affecting the lower limb and can be challenging to manage. This review provides a comprehensive update on idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus with emphasis on the initial treatment. Current management is moving away from operative towards a more conservative treatment using the Ponseti regime. The long-term results of surgical correction and the recent results of conservative treatment will be discussed.


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 89-B, Issue 5 | Pages 567 - 573
1 May 2007
Keegan GM Learmonth ID Case CP

The long-term effects of metal-on-metal arthroplasty are currently under scrutiny because of the potential biological effects of metal wear debris. This review summarises data describing the release, dissemination, uptake, biological activity, and potential toxicity of metal wear debris released from alloys currently used in modern orthopaedics. The introduction of risk assessment for the evaluation of metal alloys and their use in arthroplasty patients is discussed and this should include potential harmful effects on immunity, reproduction, the kidney, developmental toxicity, the nervous system and carcinogenesis.


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 87-B, Issue 10 | Pages 1309 - 1319
1 Oct 2005
Hall S