The objective of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) treated with quality and quantity control culture (QQ-culture) to expand and fortify angiogenic cells on the acceleration of fracture healing. Human PBMNCs were cultured for seven days with the QQ-culture method using a serum-free medium containing five specific cytokines and growth factors. The QQ-cultured PBMNCs (QQMNCs) obtained were counted and characterised by flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Angiogenic and osteo-inductive potentials were evaluated using tube formation assays and co-culture with mesenchymal stem cells with osteo-inductive medium Objectives
Methods
Distraction osteogenesis (DO) mobilises bone regenerative potential and avoids the complications of other treatments such as bone graft. The major disadvantage of DO is the length of time required for bone consolidation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used to promote bone formation with some good results. We hereby review the published literature on the use of MSCs in promoting bone consolidation during DO.Objectives
Methods
Cellular movement and relocalisation are important for many physiologic properties. Local mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from injured tissues and circulating MSCs aid in fracture healing. Cytokines and chemokines such as Stromal cell-derived factor 1(SDF-1) and its receptor chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) play important roles in maintaining mobilisation, trafficking and homing of stem cells from bone marrow to the site of injury. We investigated the differences in migration of MSCs from the femurs of young, adult and ovariectomised (OVX) rats and the effect of CXCR4 over-expression on their migration. MSCs from young, adult and OVX rats were put in a Boyden chamber to establish their migration towards SDF-1. This was compared with MSCs transfected with CXCR4, as well as MSCs differentiated to osteoblasts.Objectives
Methods
To compare the therapeutic potential of tissue-engineered constructs (TECs) combining mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and coral granules from either Bone marrow-derived, autologous MSCs were seeded on Objectives
Materials and Methods
To explore the therapeutic potential of combining bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and hydroxyapatite (HA) granules to treat nonunion of the long bone. Ten patients with an atrophic nonunion of a long bone fracture were selectively divided into two groups. Five subjects in the treatment group were treated with the combination of 15 million autologous BM-MSCs, 5g/cm3 (HA) granules and internal fixation. Control subjects were treated with iliac crest autograft, 5g/cm3 HA granules and internal fixation. The outcomes measured were post-operative pain (visual analogue scale), level of functionality (LEFS and DASH), and radiograph assessment.Objectives
Methods
There are various pin-in-plaster methods for treating fractures
of the distal radius. The purpose of this study is to introduce
a modified technique of ‘pin in plaster’. Fifty-four patients with fractures of the distal radius were
followed for one year post-operatively. Patients were excluded if
they had type B fractures according to AO classification, multiple
injuries or pathological fractures, and were treated more than seven
days after injury. Range of movement and functional results were
evaluated at three and six months and one and two years post-operatively.
Radiographic parameters including radial inclination, tilt, and
height, were measured pre- and post-operatively.Objectives
Methods
Trauma and orthopaedics is the largest of the
surgical specialties and yet attracts a disproportionately small
fraction of available national and international funding for health
research. With the burden of musculoskeletal disease increasing,
high-quality research is required to improve the evidence base for
orthopaedic practice. Using the current research landscape in the
United Kingdom as an example, but also addressing the international
perspective, we highlight the issues surrounding poor levels of
research funding in trauma and orthopaedics and indicate avenues
for improving the impact and success of surgical musculoskeletal
research. Cite this article:
We analysed the effects of commonly used medications
on human osteoblastic cell activity in vitro, specifically proliferation
and tissue mineralisation. A list of medications was retrieved from
the records of patients aged >
65 years filed in the database of
the largest health maintenance organisation in our country (>
two
million members). Proliferation and mineralisation assays were performed
on the following drugs: rosuvastatin (statin), metformin (antidiabetic),
metoprolol (β-blocker), citalopram (selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitor [SSRI]), and omeprazole (proton pump inhibitor (PPI)).
All tested drugs significantly stimulated DNA synthesis to varying
degrees, with rosuvastatin 5 µg/ml being the most effective among
them (mean 225% ( Cite this article:
To review the systemic impact of smoking on bone healing as evidenced
within the orthopaedic literature. A protocol was established and studies were sourced from five
electronic databases. Screening, data abstraction and quality assessment
was conducted by two review authors. Prospective and retrospective
clinical studies were included. The primary outcome measures were
based on clinical and/or radiological indicators of bone healing.
This review specifically focused on non-spinal orthopaedic studies.Objectives
Methods
This study was designed to test the hypothesis
that the sensory innervation of bone might play an important role
in sensing and responding to low-intensity pulsed ultrasound and
explain its effect in promoting fracture healing. In 112 rats a
standardised mid-shaft tibial fracture was created, supported with
an intramedullary needle and divided into four groups of 28. These
either had a sciatic neurectomy or a patellar tendon resection as
control, and received the ultrasound or not as a sham treatment.
Fracture
This review is aimed at clinicians appraising
preclinical trauma studies and researchers investigating compromised bone
healing or novel treatments for fractures. It categorises the clinical
scenarios of poor healing of fractures and attempts to match them
with the appropriate animal models in the literature. We performed an extensive literature search of animal models
of long bone fracture repair/nonunion and grouped the resulting
studies according to the clinical scenario they were attempting
to reflect; we then scrutinised them for their reliability and accuracy
in reproducing that clinical scenario. Models for normal fracture repair (primary and secondary), delayed
union, nonunion (atrophic and hypertrophic), segmental defects and
fractures at risk of impaired healing were identified. Their accuracy
in reflecting the clinical scenario ranged greatly and the reliability
of reproducing the scenario ranged from 100% to 40%. It is vital to know the limitations and success of each model
when considering its application.
For the treatment of ununited fractures, we developed
a system of delivering magnetic labelled mesenchymal stromal cells
(MSCs) using an extracorporeal magnetic device. In this study, we
transplanted ferucarbotran-labelled and luciferase-positive bone
marrow-derived MSCs into a non-healing femoral fracture rat model
in the presence of a magnetic field. The biological fate of the
transplanted MSCs was observed using luciferase-based bioluminescence
imaging and we found that the number of MSC derived photons increased
from day one to day three and thereafter decreased over time. The
magnetic cell delivery system induced the accumulation of photons at
the fracture site, while also retaining higher photon intensity
from day three to week four. Furthermore, radiological and histological
findings suggested improved callus formation and endochondral ossification.
We therefore believe that this delivery system may be a promising
option for bone regeneration.
The need for bone tissue supplementation exists in a wide range
of clinical conditions involving surgical reconstruction in limbs,
the spine and skull. The bone supplementation materials currently
used include autografts, allografts and inorganic matrix components;
but these pose potentially serious side-effects. In particular the
availability of the autografts is usually limited and their harvesting
causes surgical morbidity. Therefore for the purpose of supplementation
of autologous bone graft, we have developed a method for autologous
extracorporeal bone generation. Human osteoblast-like cells were seeded on porous granules of
tricalcium phosphate and incubated in osteogenic media while exposed
to mechanical stimulation by vibration in the infrasonic range of
frequencies. The generated tissue was examined microscopically following
haematoxylin eosin, trichrome and immunohistochemical staining.Objectives
Methods
