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Bone & Joint Research
Vol. 9, Issue 5 | Pages 236 - 241
1 May 2020
Li R Wang C Ji X Zheng Q Li X Ni M Zhang G Chen J

Aims. The purpose of this study was to validate our hypothesis that centrifugation may eliminate false-positive leucocyte esterase (LE) strip test results caused by autoimmune diseases in the diagnosis of knee infection. Methods. Between January 2016 and May 2019, 83 cases, including 33 cases of septic arthritis and 50 cases of aseptic arthritis, were enrolled in this study. To further validate our hypothesis, another 34 cases of inflammatory arthritis from the Department of Rheumatology of our institution were also included. After aspiration, one drop of synovial fluid was applied to LE strips before and after centrifugation. The results were recorded after approximately three minutes according to the different colour grades on the colour chart. The differences of LE results between each cohort were analyzed. Results. Before centrifugation, 46% (23/50) of the LE strip tests in the aseptic arthritis group were false-positives. Most of the false-positive results were due to inflammatory arthritis; after centrifugation, 78.3% (18/23) of the tests yielded negative results. Similar results were observed in cases from the Department of Rheumatology. The sensitivity of the centrifuged LE strip test was 0.818 (0.639 to 0.924), which is still an acceptable level compared with the uncentrifuged results, which yielded a sensitivity of 0.909 (0.745 to 0.976). However, the specificity was increased from 0.540 (0.395 to 0.679) to 0.900 (0.774 to 0.963) after centrifugation. Conclusion. Although inflammatory arthritis can yield a false-positive LE strip test result in the diagnosis of knee infection, centrifugation may eliminate these false-positive results. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res. 2020;9(5):236–241


Bone & Joint Research
Vol. 12, Issue 9 | Pages 559 - 570
14 Sep 2023
Wang Y Li G Ji B Xu B Zhang X Maimaitiyiming A Cao L

Aims

To investigate the optimal thresholds and diagnostic efficacy of commonly used serological and synovial fluid detection indexes for diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) in patients who have rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

The data from 348 patients who had RA or osteoarthritis (OA) and had previously undergone a total knee (TKA) and/or a total hip arthroplasty (THA) (including RA-PJI: 60 cases, RA-non-PJI: 80 cases; OA-PJI: 104 cases, OA-non-PJI: 104 cases) were retrospectively analyzed. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the optimal thresholds of the CRP, ESR, synovial fluid white blood cell count (WBC), and polymorphonuclear neutrophil percentage (PMN%) for diagnosing RA-PJI and OA-PJI. The diagnostic efficacy was evaluated by comparing the area under the curve (AUC) of each index and applying the results of the combined index diagnostic test.


Bone & Joint Research
Vol. 11, Issue 9 | Pages 608 - 618
7 Sep 2022
Sigmund IK Luger M Windhager R McNally MA

Aims

This study evaluated the definitions developed by the European Bone and Joint Infection Society (EBJIS) 2021, the International Consensus Meeting (ICM) 2018, and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) 2013, for the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI).

Methods

In this single-centre, retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data, patients with an indicated revision surgery after a total hip or knee arthroplasty were included between 2015 and 2020. A standardized diagnostic workup was performed, identifying the components of the EBJIS, ICM, and IDSA criteria in each patient.


Bone & Joint Research
Vol. 11, Issue 6 | Pages 398 - 408
22 Jun 2022
Xu T Zeng Y Yang X Liu G Lv T Yang H Jiang F Chen Y

Aims

We aimed to evaluate the utility of 68Ga-citrate positron emission tomography (PET)/CT in the differentiation of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) and aseptic loosening (AL), and compare it with 99mTc-methylene bisphosphonates (99mTc-MDP) bone scan.

Methods

We studied 39 patients with suspected PJI or AL. These patients underwent 68Ga-citrate PET/CT, 99mTc-MDP three-phase bone scan and single-photon emission CT (SPECT)/CT. PET/CT was performed at ten minutes and 60 minutes after injection, respectively. Images were evaluated by three nuclear medicine doctors based on: 1) visual analysis of the three methods based on tracer uptake model, and PET images attenuation-corrected with CT and those not attenuation-corrected with CT were analyzed, respectively; and 2) semi-quantitative analysis of PET/CT: maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of lesions, SUVmax of the lesion/SUVmean of the normal bone, and SUVmax of the lesion/SUVmean of the normal muscle. The final diagnosis was based on the clinical and intraoperative findings, and histopathological and microbiological examinations.


Bone & Joint Research
Vol. 11, Issue 3 | Pages 143 - 151
1 Mar 2022
Goetz J Keyssner V Hanses F Greimel F Leiß F Schwarz T Springorum H Grifka J Schaumburger J

Aims

Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are rare, but represent a great burden for the patient. In addition, the incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is increasing. The aim of this rat experiment was therefore to compare the antibiotics commonly used in the treatment of PJIs caused by MRSA.

Methods

For this purpose, sterilized steel implants were implanted into the femur of 77 rats. The metal devices were inoculated with suspensions of two different MRSA strains. The animals were divided into groups and treated with vancomycin, linezolid, cotrimoxazole, or rifampin as monotherapy, or with combination of antibiotics over a period of 14 days. After a two-day antibiotic-free interval, the implant was explanted, and bone, muscle, and periarticular tissue were microbiologically analyzed.


Bone & Joint Research
Vol. 10, Issue 2 | Pages 96 - 104
28 Jan 2021
Fang X Zhang L Cai Y Huang Z Li W Zhang C Yang B Lin J Wahl P Zhang W

Aims

Microbiological culture is a key element in the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). However, cultures of periprosthetic tissue do not have optimal sensitivity. One of the main reasons for this is that microorganisms are not released from the tissues, either due to biofilm formation or intracellular persistence. This study aimed to optimize tissue pretreatment methods in order to improve detection of microorganisms.

Methods

From December 2017 to September 2019, patients undergoing revision arthroplasty in a single centre due to PJI and aseptic failure (AF) were included, with demographic data and laboratory test results recorded prospectively. Periprosthetic tissue samples were collected intraoperatively and assigned to tissue-mechanical homogenization (T-MH), tissue-manual milling (T-MM), tissue-dithiothreitol (T-DTT) treatment, tissue-sonication (T-S), and tissue-direct culture (T-D). The yield of the microbial cultures was then analyzed.


Bone & Joint Research
Vol. 9, Issue 9 | Pages 587 - 592
5 Sep 2020
Qin L Li X Wang J Gong X Hu N Huang W

Aims

This study aimed to explore whether serum combined with synovial interleukin-6 (IL-6) measurement can improve the accuracy of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) diagnosis, and to establish the cut-off values of IL-6 in serum and synovial fluid in detecting chronic PJI.

Methods

Patients scheduled to have a revision surgery for indications of chronic infection of knee and hip arthroplasties or aseptic loosening of an implant were prospectively screened before being enrolled into this study. The Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) definition of PJI was used for the classification of cases as aseptic or infected. Serum CRP, ESR, IL-6, and percentage of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN%) and IL-6 in synovial fluid were analyzed. Statistical tests were performed to compare these biomarkers in the two groups, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUC) were analyzed for each biomarker.


Bone & Joint Research
Vol. 9, Issue 7 | Pages 440 - 449
1 Jul 2020
Huang Z Li W Lee G Fang X Xing L Yang B Lin J Zhang W

Aims

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in detecting pathogens from synovial fluid of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) patients.

Methods

A group of 75 patients who underwent revision knee or hip arthroplasties were enrolled prospectively. Ten patients with primary arthroplasties were included as negative controls. Synovial fluid was collected for mNGS analysis. Optimal thresholds were determined to distinguish pathogens from background microbes. Synovial fluid, tissue, and sonicate fluid were obtained for culture.