Aims. The aim of this study was to describe the
Aims. The aim of the present study was to assess the outcomes of the induced membrane technique (IMT) for the
Aims. The aim of this study was to examine trends in the
Aims. The purpose of this study was to: review the efficacy of the induced membrane technique (IMT), also known as the Masquelet technique; and investigate the relationship between patient factors and technique variations on the outcomes of the IMT. Methods. A systematic search was performed in CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, and PubMed. We included articles from 1 January 1980 to 30 September 2019. Studies with a minimum sample size of five cases, where the IMT was performed primarily in adult patients (≥ 18 years old), in a long bone were included. Multivariate regression models were performed on patient-level data to determine variables associated with nonunion, postoperative infection, and the need for additional procedures. Results. A total of 48 studies were included, with 1,386 cases treated with the IMT. Patients had a mean age of 40.7 years (4 to 88), and the mean defect size was 5.9 cm (0.5 to 26). In total, 82.3% of cases achieved union after the index second stage procedure. The mean time to union was 6.6 months (1.4 to 58.7) after the second stage. Our multivariate analysis of 450 individual patients showed that the odds of developing a nonunion were significantly increased in those with preoperative infection. Patients with tibial defects, and those with larger defects, were at significantly higher odds of developing a postoperative infection. Our analysis also demonstrated a trend towards the inclusion of antibiotics in the cement spacer having a protective effect against the need for additional procedures. Conclusion. The IMT is an effective
Aims. Flail chest from a blunt injury to the thorax is associated with
significant morbidity and mortality. Its
Aims. Osseointegrated prosthetic limbs allow better mobility than socket-mounted prosthetics for lower limb amputees. Fractures, however, can occur in the residual limb, but they have rarely been reported. Approximately 2% to 3% of amputees with socket-mounted prostheses may fracture within five years. This is the first study which directly addresses the risks and
Aims. This study describes and compares the operative
There have been many advances in the resuscitation
and early
Aims. The
Exsanguination is the second most common cause
of death in patients who suffer severe trauma. The
In this retrospective observational cohort study,
we describe 17 patients out of 1775 treated for various fractures who
developed mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection after surgery.
The cohort comprised 15 men and two women with a mean age of 40
years (24 to 70). A total of ten fractures were open and seven were
closed. Of these, seven patients underwent intramedullary nailing
of a fracture of the long bone, seven had fractures fixed with plates,
two with Kirschner-wires and screws, and one had a hemiarthroplasty
of the hip with an Austin Moore prosthesis. All patients were followed-up
for two years. In all patients, the infection resolved, and in 14
the fractures united. Nonunion was seen in two patients one of whom
underwent two-stage total hip arthroplasty (THA) and the other patient
was treated using excision arthoplasty. Another patient was treated
using two-stage THA. With only sporadic case reports in the literature,
MTB infection is rarely clinically suspected, even in underdeveloped
and developing countries, where pulmonary and other forms of TB
are endemic. In developed countries there is also an increased incidence
among immunocompromised patients. In this paper we discuss the pathogenesis
and incidence of MTB infection after surgical
There have been recent reports linking alendronate and a specific pattern of subtrochanteric insufficiency fracture. We performed a retrospective review of all subtrochanteric fractures admitted to our institution between 2001 and 2007. There were 20 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 12 of whom were on long-term alendronate. Alendronate-associated fractures tend to be bilateral (Fisher’s exact test, p = 0.018), have unique radiological features (p <
0.0005), be associated radiologically with a pre-existing ellipsoid thickening of the lateral femoral cortex and are likely to be preceded by prodromal pain. Biomechanical investigations did not suggest overt metabolic bone disease. Only one patient on alendronate had osteoporosis prior to the start of therapy. We used these findings to develop a
Tibial nonunion represents a spectrum of conditions
which are challenging to treat, and optimal
Although it is widely accepted that grade IIIB open tibial fractures require combined specialised orthopaedic and plastic surgery, the majority of patients in the UK initially present to local hospitals without access to specialised trauma facilities. The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of patients presenting directly to a specialist centre (primary group) with that of patients initially managed at local centres (tertiary group). We reviewed 73 consecutive grade IIIB open tibial shaft fractures with a mean follow-up of 14 months (8 to 48). There were 26 fractures in the primary and 47 in the tertiary group. The initial skeletal fixation required revision in 22 (47%) of the tertiary patients. Although there was no statistically-significant relationship between flap timing and flap failure, all the failures (6 of 63; 9.5%) occurred in the tertiary group. The overall mean time to union of 28 weeks was not influenced by the type of skeletal fixation. Deep infection occurred in 8.5% of patients, but there were no persistently infected fractures. The infection rate was not increased in those patients debrided more than six hours after injury. The limb salvage rate was 93%. The mean limb functional score was 74% of that of the normal limb. At review, 67% of patients had returned to employment, with a further 10% considering a return after rehabilitation. The times to union, infection rates and Enneking limb reconstruction scores were not statistically different between the primary and tertiary groups. The increased complications and revision surgery encountered in the tertiary group suggest that severe open tibial fractures should be referred directly to specialist centres for simultaneous combined
To assess the stability of the hip after acetabular fracture, dynamic fluoroscopic stress views were taken of 41 acetabular fractures that met the criteria for non-operative
A series of 103 acute fractures of the coronoid process of the ulna in 101 patients was reviewed to determine their frequency. The Regan-Morrey classification, treatment, associated injuries, course and outcomes were evaluated. Of the 103 fractures, 34 were type IA, 17 type IB, ten type IIA, 19 type IIB, ten type IIIA and 13 type IIIB. A total of 44 type-I fractures (86%) were treated conservatively, while 22 type-II (76%) and all type-III fractures were managed by operation. At follow-up at a mean of 3.4 years (1 to 8.9) the range of movement differed significantly between the types of fracture (p = 0.002). Patients with associated injuries had a lower Mayo elbow performance score (p = 0.03), less extension (p = 0.03), more pain (p = 0.007) and less pronosupination (p = 0.004), than those without associated injuries. The presence of a fracture of the radial head had the greatest effect on outcome. An improvement in outcome relative to that of a previous series was noted, perhaps because of more aggressive
This study aimed to determine the long-term functional,
clinical and radiological outcomes in patients with Schatzker IV
to VI fractures of the tibial plateau treated with an Ilizarov frame.
Clinical, functional and radiological assessment was carried out
at a minimum of one year post-operatively. A cohort of 105 patients
(62 men, 43 women) with a mean age of 49 years (15 to 87) and a
mean follow-up of 7.8 years (1 to 19) were reviewed. There were
18 type IV, 10 type V and 77 type VI fractures. All fractures united
with a mean time to union of 20.1 weeks (10.6 to 42.3). No patient
developed a deep infection. The median range of movement (ROM) of
the knee was 110o and the median Iowa score was 85. Our study demonstrates good long-term functional outcome with
no deep infection; spanning the knee had no detrimental effect on
the ROM or functional outcome. High-energy fractures of the tibial plateau may be treated effectively
with a fine wire Ilizarov fixator. Cite this article:
The aims of this study were to establish whether composite fixation
(rail-plate) decreases fixator time and related problems in the
management of patients with infected nonunion of tibia with a segmental
defect, without compromising the anatomical and functional outcomes
achieved using the classical Ilizarov technique. We also wished
to study the acceptability of this technique using patient-based
objective criteria. Between January 2012 and January 2015, 14 consecutive patients
were treated for an infected nonunion of the tibia with a gap and
were included in the study. During stage one, a radical debridement
of bone and soft tissue was undertaken with the introduction of
an antibiotic-loaded cement spacer. At the second stage, the tibia
was stabilized using a long lateral locked plate and a six-pin monorail
fixator on its anteromedial surface. A corticotomy was performed
at the appropriate level. During the third stage, i.e. at the end
of the distraction phase, the transported fragment was aligned and
fixed to the plate with two to four screws. An iliac crest autograft
was added to the docking site and the fixator was removed. Functional
outcome was assessed using the Association for the Study and Application
of Methods of Ilizarov (ASAMI) criteria. Patient-reported outcomes
were assessed using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score.Aims
Patients and Methods
This study reviews the use of a titanium mesh cage (TMC) as an
adjunct to intramedullary nail or plate reconstruction of an extra-articular
segmental long bone defect. A total of 17 patients (aged 17 to 61 years) treated for a segmental
long bone defect by nail or plate fixation and an adjunctive TMC
were included. The bone defects treated were in the tibia (nine),
femur (six), radius (one), and humerus (one). The mean length of
the segmental bone defect was 8.4 cm (2.2 to 13); the mean length
of the titanium mesh cage was 8.3 cm (2.6 to 13). The clinical and
radiological records of the patients were analyzed retrospectively.Aims
Patients and Methods
Bicondylar tibial plateau fractures result from
high-energy injuries. Fractures of the tibial plateau can involve
the tibial tubercle, which represents a disruption to the extensor
mechanism and logically must be stabilised. The purpose of this
study was to identify the incidence of an independent tibial tubercle
fracture in bicondylar tibial plateau fractures, and to report management
strategies and potential complications. We retrospectively reviewed
a prospectively collected orthopaedic trauma database for the period
January 2003 to December 2008, and identified 392 bicondylar fractures
of the tibial plateau, in which 85 tibial tubercle fractures (21.6%)
were identified in 84 patients. There were 60 men and 24 women in
our study group, with a mean age of 45.4 years (18 to 71). In 84 fractures
open reduction and internal fixation was undertaken, either with
screws alone (23 patients) or with a plate and screws (61 patients).
The remaining patient was treated non-operatively. In all, 52 fractures
were available for clinical and radiological assessment at a mean
follow-up of 58.5 weeks (24 to 94). All fractures of the tibial
tubercle united, but 24 of 54 fractures (46%) required a secondary
procedure for their tibial plateau fracture. Four patients reported
pain arising from prominent tubercle plates and screws, which in
one patient required removal. Tibial tubercle fractures occurred
in over one-fifth of the bicondylar tibial plateau fractures in
our series. Fixation is necessary and can be reliably performed
with screws alone or with a screw and plate, which restores the
extensor mechanism and facilitates early knee flexion. Cite this article: