1. Isolated dislocation of the radius at the elbow occurs most commonly as a pronation injury, associated with slight elbow flexion and a varus strain. Disruption of the radio-ulnar articulation occurs primarily because of tearing of the annular ligament, which is the most important reinforcing structure of this joint. The tensing of the interosseous membrane through neutral into supination, and consequently the approximation of the radius to ulna, supports the recognised supination manoeuvre to reduce such an injury.

2. It is suggested that this injury may be more common than previously appreciated. It may be not diagnosed, it may be over-diagnosed as total dislocation of the elbow, or it may be belatedly diagnosed as a congenital dislocation of the radial head.

1. Twenty cases of tarso-metatarsal joint injury have been studied with regard to the mechanism of injury, and experiments have been done on cadavers to confirm clinical impressions.

2. Injuries of the tarso-metatarsal joints occur by direct and indirect mechanisms, the latter being more common.

3. Indirect injuries occur in at least two ways-namely, acute abduction of the forefoot and plantar-flexion of the forefoot.

4. Most of the indirect injuries occur when the ankle joint is in a plantar-flexed position.

5. Whereas this foot injury once gained prominence on the field of battle amongst cavalrymen, it is currently associated with the motor car, the step ladder, the toboggan, the joy-rider, and commonly the simple misguided step.