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The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 98-B, Issue 6 | Pages 834 - 839
1 Jun 2016
Wang S Ma H Lin C Chou P Liu C Yu W Chang M

Aim

Many aspects of the surgical treatment of patients with tuberculosis (TB) of the spine, including the use of instrumentation and the types of graft, remain controversial. Our aim was to report the outcome of a single-stage posterior procedure, with or without posterior decompression, in this group of patients.

Patients and Methods

Between 2001 and 2010, 51 patients with a mean age of 62.5 years (39 to 86) underwent long posterior instrumentation and short posterior or posterolateral fusion for TB of the thoracic and lumbar spines, followed by anti-TB chemotherapy for 12 months. No anterior debridement of the necrotic tissue was undertaken. Posterior decompression with laminectomy was carried out for the 30 patients with a neurological deficit.


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 98-B, Issue 1 | Pages 109 - 116
1 Jan 2016
Chou P Ma H Liu C Wang S Lee OK Chang M Yu W

Methods

In this study of patients who underwent internal fixation without fusion for a burst thoracolumbar or lumbar fracture, we compared the serial changes in the injured disc height (DH), and the fractured vertebral body height (VBH) and kyphotic angle between patients in whom the implants were removed and those in whom they were not. Radiological parameters such as injured DH, fractured VBH and kyphotic angle were measured. Functional outcomes were evaluated using the Greenough low back outcome scale and a VAS scale for pain.

Results

Between June 1996 and May 2012, 69 patients were analysed retrospectively; 47 were included in the implant removal group and 22 in the implant retention group. After a mean follow-up of 66 months (48 to 107), eight patients (36.3%) in the implant retention group had screw breakage. There was no screw breakage in the implant removal group. All radiological and functional outcomes were similar between these two groups. Although solid union of the fractured vertebrae was achieved, the kyphotic angle and the anterior third of the injured DH changed significantly with time (p < 0.05).


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 96-B, Issue SUPP_16 | Pages 1 - 1
1 Oct 2014
Valenti M De Momi E Yu W Ferrigno G Zheng G
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Accurate reconstruction of the knee pose from two X-Ray images will allow the study pre-operative kinematics (for custom prosthesis design) and the post-operative evaluation of the intervention.

We used a SSM of the distal femur, based on 24 MRI datasets, from which the mean model and its modes of variation were defined. On the SSM, N landmarks in predefined positions were defined. The user identifies the same landmarks on two X-ray projections. Back-projecting the X-ray from the identified landmarks pixel to the corresponding source, each landmark position in the 3D space is reconstructed and the mean model pose initialised with a corresponding points registration. The silhouette of the SSM is projected on each X-ray image, which is automatically segmented in order to define the bone contours. With a Robust Point Matching algorithm based on Thin Plate Splines the projected silhouette points are deformed to better approximate the contour. For each contour point, the associated silhouette point is computed. We back-projected the ray from each contour point to the source and find on each ray the point with minimum distance to the silhouette. The cost function is the squared sum of the distances for both images. After a first optimisation of the pose, we perform a shape optimisation to find the correct weights for the SSM.

To evaluate our algorithm, we used two Digitally Reconstructed Radiographs (DRR) created as projections at 90° from a CT dataset. The CT based model was reconstructed and the landmarks were defined on it with a rigid registration of the SSM. In order to validate the robustness of our reconstruction method, a random uniform noise distribution (0–50 mm on each direction) was added on each landmark. The reconstruction accuracy was measured as the distance between each reconstructed landmark and the ground truth defined on the CT.

Results show that the population of the errors for the noise levels from 0 to 30 is similar: only the population with 50 mm noise is significantly different from the results obtained with other noise levels.

We can conclude that with a noise level below 50 mm the algorithm is able to return the correct pose of the femur, while with higher noise the initial distribution of the landmarks in the 3D space prevents the correct outcome of the algorithm. The user should select the landmarks within a range of 50 mm on the 3D representation, that is half the dimension of the bounding box containing the model. We can assume that in the real case it will be more difficult to select the proper position of the landmarks, but our method proved to be robust even with misplaced landmarks.